5 research outputs found
Gene set enrichment analysis and expression pattern exploration implicate an involvement of neurodevelopmental processes in bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and highly heritable disorder of mood. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several independent susceptibility loci. In order to extract more biological information from GWAS data, multi-locus approaches represent powerful tools since they utilize knowledge about biological processes to integrate functional sets of genes at strongly to moderately associated loci.We conducted gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) using 2.3 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 397 Reactome pathways and 24,025 patients with BD and controls. RNA expression of implicated individual genes and gene sets were examined in post-mortem brains across lifespan.Two pathways showed a significant enrichment after correction for multiple comparisons in the GSEA: GRB2 events in ERBB2 signaling, for which 6 of 21 genes were BD associated (PFDR = 0.0377), and NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, for which 11 out of 62 genes were BD associated (PFDR = 0.0451). Most pathway genes showed peaks of RNA co-expression during fetal development and infancy and mapped to neocortical areas and parts of the limbic system.Pathway associations were technically reproduced by two methods, although they were not formally replicated in independent samples. Gene expression was explored in controls but not in patients.Pathway analysis in large GWAS data of BD and follow-up of gene expression patterns in healthy brains provide support for an involvement of neurodevelopmental processes in the etiology of this neuropsychiatric disease. Future studies are required to further evaluate the relevance of the implicated genes on pathway functioning and clinical aspects of BD
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°: ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
The article analyzes the environmental legislative acts as applied to the unique Arctic ecosystem. The authors make a conclusion that the legislation may be assessed as fragmentary with certain gaps and deficiencies, including those connected with the response to the global climate change. It is substantiated that the integrity of the Arctic ecosystem, its fragile nature and a perspective of a growing economic use of its natural resources make it reasonable to prepare and adopt a comprehensive legislative act on environmental protection in the Arctic Zone of the RF that would cover the issues of emission limitations, best available techniques, response actions to oil spills, biodiversity conservation, removal of stocked environmental damage, comprehensive management of the coastal zone, and adaptation measures to climate changeΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ,
Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ, Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°
ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
Synthesis of 7-Aza-5-deazapurine Analogues via Copper(I)-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Alkynes and 1-Iodoalkynes
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°: ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
The article analyzes the environmental legislative acts as applied to the unique Arctic ecosystem. The authors make a conclusion that the legislation may be assessed as fragmentary with certain gaps and deficiencies, including those connected with the response to the global climate change. It is substantiated that the integrity of the Arctic ecosystem, its fragile nature and a perspective of a growing economic use of its natural resources make it reasonable to prepare and adopt a comprehensive legislative act on environmental protection in the Arctic Zone of the RF that would cover the issues of emission limitations, best available techniques, response actions to oil spills, biodiversity conservation, removal of stocked environmental damage, comprehensive management of the coastal zone, and adaptation measures to climate changeΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ,
Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ, Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°
ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
At the moment, there are new types of legal acts emerging in environmental law of Russia. Despite the vague legal nature of the strategic documents, they are gaining relevance in regulating environmental relationship though the regulation by strategic documents has become an uncontrolled and unpredictable process. This article reviews strategic and political documents addressing protection of the environment, environmental security and nature use. It points out the necessity to find their place within the system of environment-related legal acts to build a clear hierarchy in the system, to raise the efficiency of laws and to create a functional enforcement mechanism. The authors suggest two options: to adopt a separate legislative act on the national environmental policy or to introduce a separate chapter into the Federal Law βOn Environmental Protectionβ, or alternatively, to carry out codification of the adopted strategic instrumentsΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Ρ Π² Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Β«ΠΠ± ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΒ»
Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎ