874 research outputs found
In-plane fluxon in layered superconductors with arbitrary number of layers
I derive an approximate analytic solution for the in-plane vortex (fluxon) in
layered superconductors and stacked Josephson junctions (SJJ's) with arbitrary
number of layers. The validity of the solution is verified by numerical
simulation. It is shown that in SJJ's with large number of thin layers,
phase/current and magnetic field of the fluxon are decoupled from each other.
The variation of phase/current is confined within the Josephson penetration
depth, , along the layers, while magnetic field decays at the
effective London penetration depth, . For comparison
with real high- superconducting samples, large scale numerical simulations
with up to 600 SJJ's and with in-plane length up to 4000 %, are
presented. It is shown, that the most striking feature of the fluxon is a
Josephson core, manifesting itself as a sharp peak in magnetic induction at the
fluxon center.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Was presented in part at the First Euroconference
on Vortex Matter in Superconductors (Crete, September 1999
Black Hole Thermodynamics and Riemann Surfaces
We use the analytic continuation procedure proposed in our earlier works to
study the thermodynamics of black holes in 2+1 dimensions. A general black hole
in 2+1 dimensions has g handles hidden behind h horizons. The result of the
analytic continuation is a hyperbolic 3-manifold having the topology of a
handlebody. The boundary of this handlebody is a compact Riemann surface of
genus G=2g+h-1. Conformal moduli of this surface encode in a simple way the
physical characteristics of the black hole. The moduli space of black holes of
a given type (g,h) is then the Schottky space at genus G. The (logarithm of
the) thermodynamic partition function of the hole is the Kaehler potential for
the Weil-Peterson metric on the Schottky space. Bekenstein bound on the black
hole entropy leads us to conjecture a new strong bound on this Kaehler
potential.Comment: 17+1 pages, 9 figure
Single fluxon in double stacked Josephson junctions: Analytic solution
We derive an approximate analytic solution for a single fluxon in a double
stacked Josephson junctions (SJJ's) for arbitrary junction parameters and
coupling strengths. It is shown that the fluxon in a double SJJ's can be
characterized by two components, with different Swihart velocities and
Josephson penetration depths. Using the perturbation theory we find the second
order correction to the solution and analyze its accuracy. Comparison with
direct numerical simulations shows a quantitative agreement between exact and
approximate analytic solutions. It is shown that due to the presence of two
components, the fluxon in SJJ's may have an unusual shape with an inverted
magnetic field in the second junction when the velocity of the fluxon is
approaching the lower Swihart velocity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Spherically symmetric black holes in minimally modified self-dual gravity
We discuss spherically symmetric black holes in the modified self-dual theory
of gravity recently studied by Krasnov, obtained adding a Weyl-curvature
dependent `cosmological term' to the Plebanski lagrangian for general
relativity. This type of modified gravity admits two different types of
singularities: one is a true singularity for the theory where the fundamental
fields of the theory, as well as the (auxiliary) spacetime metric, become
singular, and the other one is a milder "non-metric singularity" where the
metric description of the spacetime breaks down but the fundamental fields
themselves are regular. We first generalise this modified self-dual gravity to
include Maxwell's field and then study basic features of spherically symmetric,
charged black holes, with particular focus on whether these two types of
singularities are hidden or naked. We restrict our attention to minimal forms
of the modification, and find that the theory exhibits `screening' effects of
the electric charge (or `anti-screening', depending upon the sign of the
modification term), in the sense that it leads to the possibility of charging
the black hole more (or less) than it would be possible in general relativity
without exposing a naked singularity. We also find that for any (even
arbitrarily large) value of charge, true singularities of the theory appear to
be either achronal (non-timelike) covered by the hypersurface of a harmless
non-metric singularity, or simply hidden inside at least one Killing horizon.Comment: 42 pages, many colour figures. v2: discussion of the conformal
ambiguity improved, references added. v3: amended to match published versio
Lambda<0 Quantum Gravity in 2+1 Dimensions II: Black Hole Creation by Point Particles
Using the recently proposed formalism for Lambda<0 quantum gravity in 2+1
dimensions we study the process of black hole production in a collision of two
point particles. The creation probability for a BH with a simplest topology
inside the horizon is given by the Liouville theory 4-point function projected
on an intermediate state. We analyze in detail the semi-classical limit of
small AdS curvatures, in which the probability is dominated by the exponential
of the classical Liouville action. The probability is found to be exponentially
small. We then argue that the total probability of creating a horizon given by
the sum of probabilities of all possible internal topologies is of order unity,
so that there is no exponential suppression of the total production rate.Comment: v1: 30+1 pages, figures, v2: 34+1 pages, agruments straightened ou
Holography for the Lorentz Group Racah Coefficients
A known realization of the Lorentz group Racah coefficients is given by an
integral of a product of 6 ``propagators'' over 4 copies of the hyperbolic
space. These are ``bulk-to-bulk'' propagators in that they are functions of two
points in the hyperbolic space. It is known that the bulk-to-bulk propagator
can be constructed out of two bulk-to-boundary ones. We point out that there is
another way to obtain the same object. Namely, one can use two bulk-to-boundary
and one boundary-to-boundary propagator. Starting from this construction and
carrying out the bulk integrals we obtain a realization of the Racah
coefficients that is ``holographic'' in the sense that it only involves
boundary objects. This holographic realization admits a geometric
interpretation in terms of an ``extended'' tetrahedron.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures; v2: minor changes; v3: "extended" tetrahedron
interpretation adde
On the Universality of the Entropy-Area Relation
We present an argument that, for a large class of possible dynamics, a
canonical quantization of gravity will satisfy the Bekenstein-Hawking
entropy-area relation. This result holds for temperatures low compared to the
Planck temperature and for boundaries with areas large compared to Planck area.
We also relate our description, in terms of a grand canonical ensemble, to
previous geometric entropy calculations using area ensembles.Comment: 6 page
Discrimination between the superconducting gap and the pseudo-gap in Bi2212 from intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy in magnetic field
Intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy in high magnetic field () is used for a
direct test of superconducting features in a quasiparticle density of states of
high- superconductors. We were able to distinguish with a great clarity
two co-existing gaps: (i) the superconducting gap, which closes as and , and (ii) the -axis pseudo-gap, which does not
change neither with , nor . Strikingly different magnetic field
dependencies, together with previously observed different temperature
dependencies of the two gaps ~\cite{Krasnov}, speak against the superconducting
origin of the pseudo-gap.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figure
Unification of gravity, gauge fields, and Higgs bosons
We consider a diffeomorphism invariant theory of a gauge field valued in a
Lie algebra that breaks spontaneously to the direct sum of the spacetime
Lorentz algebra, a Yang-Mills algebra, and their complement. Beginning with a
fully gauge invariant action -- an extension of the Plebanski action for
general relativity -- we recover the action for gravity, Yang-Mills, and Higgs
fields. The low-energy coupling constants, obtained after symmetry breaking,
are all functions of the single parameter present in the initial action and the
vacuum expectation value of the Higgs.Comment: 12 pages, no figures. v2 minor correction
so(4) Plebanski Action and Relativistic Spin Foam Model
In this note we study the correspondence between the ``relativistic spin
foam'' model introduced by Barrett, Crane and Baez and the so(4) Plebanski
action. We argue that the Plebanski model is the continuum analog of
the relativistic spin foam model. We prove that the Plebanski action possess
four phases, one of which is gravity and outline the discrepancy between this
model and the model of Euclidean gravity. We also show that the Plebanski model
possess another natural dicretisation and can be associate with another, new,
spin foam model that appear to be the counterpart of the spin foam
model describing the self dual formulation of gravity.Comment: 12 pages, REVTeX using AMS fonts. Some minor corrections and
improvement
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