Salton Sea, California

The Salton Sea, California\u27s largest lake, is located in the southeastern desert region of California. It lies within a 7851 square mile endorheic hydrologic basin that includes the Coachella and Imperial Valleys of California, and the Mexicali Valley of Mexico, with a surface elevation of 227 feet below mean sea level (msl). The shallow nature of this hypersaline lake, with a surface area of 367 square miles (951 square kilometers) and a maximum depth of 51 feet (15.5 meters), renders it very sensitive to even slight changes of inflow volume. Over 85 percent of the water entering the Salton Sea results from agricultural run-off, 1.34 million acre feet (Maf), with less than three percent of annual inflow deriving from basin precipitation. The Salton Sea is situated in the Colorado Desert in one of the most arid regions of the United States. Annual precipitation is less than 3 in. (7.6 cm), and mean monthly temperatures in July are 92°F (33.3°C), with maximum temperatures exceeding 100°F (37.7°C) on more than 110 days per annum. Potential evaporation is estimated at 5.78 feet (1.76 meters) per year.https://inspire.redlands.edu/oh_chapters/1161/thumbnail.jp

Eutrophication

Eutrophication is a syndrome of [../152248/index.html ecosystem]] responses to human activities that fertilize water bodies with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), often leading to changes in animal and plant populations and degradation of water and habitat quality. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential components of structural proteins, enzymes, cell membranes, nucleic acids, and molecules that capture and utilize light and chemical energy to support life. The biologically available forms of N and P are present at low concentrations in pristine lakes, rivers, estuaries, and in vast regions of the upper ocean.https://inspire.redlands.edu/oh_chapters/1160/thumbnail.jp

Integrating Production Planning into Road Corridor Evaluation Using ETL

Complex road projects, particularly near sensitive locations, often have substantial effects on humans and theenvironment caused by construction, production processes and the use phase. Before a road alignment isdetermined, several road corridors are identified and evaluated during early planning stages. Oftentimes thisevaluation focuses on impacts of the finished road whereas construction and production processes frequently areignored, risking viable corridors to be discarded before having been sufficiently evaluated. Existing IT-systemsenables modeling of relevant aspects such as road corridors, noise, pollution, production and construction, butthere is often a lack of interoperability between these systems. Interoperability problems can be faced withExtract Transform Load (ETL) tools but this has not been adequately examined regarding infrastructure projects.Our study presents a novel method for evaluating road corridors that includes production aspects, which arevisualized and analyzed in 3D. By using ETL technology to handle interoperability problems, existing tools forroad corridor planning, production planning and 3D visualization are used to demonstrate the method. Thefindings indicate that large scale production aspects related to road corridors can be modeled, analyzed andvisualized in 3D, which can benefit stakeholders in making decisions

Fatal arterial complications following ultrasound-guided attempt of internal jugular vein catheterization

Puncture of the posterior venous wall during ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation seems to be common, making underlying artery at risk of injury. Two cases of injury through the posterior wall of the internal jugular vein and an injury to the underlying artery are reported. In case number 1, a small injury of the carotid arterial wall resulted in a retrograde dissection of the common carotid artery and ascending part of the aorta, causing a fatal cardiac tamponade-a sequence of events never previously described. In case number 2, an unexpected injury to the thyrocervical trunk in a severely thrombocytopenic patient caused an extensive hematoma that compromised the upper airway, eventually leading to a fatal outcome. These two reported fatal arterial complications during ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein add to other publications of complications after central vein catheterization. It is important to increase awareness of these avoidable serious complications

An Energy Model for Sustainable Decision-Making in Road Construction Projects

Road construction operations often require considerable amounts of energy in the form of fossil fuels, thus generating considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While fuel efficiency of the heavy construction equipment is extensively studied, limited attention is given to how the construction process can be planned in order to reduce energy use and GHG-emissions. In this paper a conceptual model is proposed for the assessment of energy use and GHG-emission in road construction projects. When applied to a case study the conceptual energy model is a useful tool to asses and evaluate project alternatives in the early planning stages of road construction projects. As a result both the energy use and GHG-emissions in road construction projects can be reduced.Godkänd; 2014; 20141202 (jankra

An Energy Model for Sustainable Decision-Making in Road Construction Projects

Road construction operations often require considerable amounts of energy in the form of fossil fuels, thus generating considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While fuel efficiency of the heavy construction equipment is extensively studied, limited attention is given to how the construction process can be planned in order to reduce energy use and GHG-emissions. In this paper a conceptual model is proposed for the assessment of energy use and GHG-emission in road construction projects. When applied to a case study the conceptual energy model is a useful tool to asses and evaluate project alternatives in the early planning stages of road construction projects. As a result both the energy use and GHG-emissions in road construction projects can be reduced.Godkänd; 2014; 20141202 (jankra