Research on output feedback control

In designing fixed order compensators, an output feedback formulation has been adopted by suitably augmenting the system description to include the compensator states. However, the minimization of the performance index over the range of possible compensator descriptions was impeded due to the nonuniqueness of the compensator transfer function. A controller canonical form of the compensator was chosen to reduce the number of free parameters to its minimal number in the optimization. In the MIMO case, the controller form requires a prespecified set of ascending controllability indices. This constraint on the compensator structure is rather innocuous in relation to the increase in convergence rate of the optimization. Moreover, the controller form is easily relatable to a unique controller transfer function description. This structure of the compensator does not require penalizing the compensator states for a nonzero or coupled solution, a problem that occurs when following a standard output feedback synthesis formulation

On some geometric features of the Kramer interior solution for a rotating perfect fluid

Geometric features (including convexity properties) of an exact interior gravitational field due to a self-gravitating axisymmetric body of perfect fluid in stationary, rigid rotation are studied. In spite of the seemingly non-Newtonian features of the bounding surface for some rotation rates, we show, by means of a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional spatial geodesics, that the standard Newtonian convexity properties do hold. A central role is played by a family of geodesics that are introduced here, and provide a generalization of the Newtonian straight lines parallel to the axis of rotation.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages with 4 Poscript figures. To be published in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Negative differential conductance induced by spin-charge separation

Spin-charge states of correlated electrons in a one-dimensional quantum dot attached to interacting leads are studied in the non-linear transport regime. With non-symmetric tunnel barriers, regions of negative differential conductance induced by spin-charge separation are found. They are due to a correlation-induced trapping of higher-spin states without magnetic field, and associated with a strong increase in the fluctuations of the electron spin.Comment: REVTEX, 4 pages including 3 figures; Accepted for publication on Physical Review Letter

One-loop amplitudes for four-point functions with two external massive quarks and two external massless partons up to O(epsilon^2)

We present complete analytical ${\mathcal O}(\epsilon^2)$ results on the one-loop amplitudes relevant for the NNLO quark-parton model description of the hadroproduction of heavy quarks as given by the so-called loop-by-loop contributions. All results of the perturbative calculation are given in the dimensional regularization scheme. These one-loop amplitudes can also be used as input in the determination of the corresponding NNLO cross sections for heavy flavor photoproduction, and in photon-photon reactions.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures in the text, Revtex, one reference added, minor improvements in the text, to appear in Phys.Rev.

The role of avatars in e-government interfaces

This paper investigates the use of avatars to communicate live message in e-government interfaces. A comparative study is presented that evaluates the contribution of multimodal metaphors (including avatars) to the usability of interfaces for e-government and user trust. The communication metaphors evaluated included text, earcons, recorded speech and avatars. The experimental platform used for the experiment involved two interface versions with a sample of 30 users. The results demonstrated that the use of multimodal metaphors in an e-government interface can significantly contribute to enhancing the usability and increase trust of users to the e-government interface. A set of design guidelines, for the use of multimodal metaphors in e-government interfaces, was also produced

Apollo-11 lunar sample information catalogue

The Apollo 11 mission is reviewed with emphasis on the collection of lunar samples, their geologic setting, early processing, and preliminary examination. The experience gained during five subsequent missions was applied to obtain physical-chemical data for each sample using photographic and binocular microscope techniques. Topics discussed include: binocular examination procedure; breccia clast dexrriptuons, thin section examinations procedure typical breccia in thin section, typical basalt in thin section, sample histories, and chemical and age data. An index to photographs is included

Quantum theory of an atom laser originating from a Bose-Einstein condensate or a Fermi gas in the presence of gravity

We present a 3D quantum mechanical theory of radio-frequency outcoupled atom lasers from trapped atomic gases in the presence of the gravitational force. Predictions for the total outcoupling rate as a function of the radio-frequency and for the beam wave function are given. We establish a sum rule for the energy integrated outcoupling, which leads to a separate determination of the coupling strength between the atoms and the radiation field. For a non-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate analytic solutions are derived which are subsequently extended to include the effects of atomic interactions. The interactions enhance interference effects in the beam profile and modify the outcoupling rate of the atom laser. We provide a complete quantum mechanical solution which is in line with experimental findings and allows to determine the validity of commonly used approximative methods. We also extend the formalism to a fermionic atom laser and analyze the effect of superfluidity on the outcoupling of atoms.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, slightly expanded versio

The double torus as a 2D cosmos: groups, geometry and closed geodesics

The double torus provides a relativistic model for a closed 2D cosmos with topology of genus 2 and constant negative curvature. Its unfolding into an octagon extends to an octagonal tessellation of its universal covering, the hyperbolic space H^2. The tessellation is analysed with tools from hyperbolic crystallography. Actions on H^2 of groups/subgroups are identified for SU(1, 1), for a hyperbolic Coxeter group acting also on SU(1, 1), and for the homotopy group \Phi_2 whose extension is normal in the Coxeter group. Closed geodesics arise from links on H^2 between octagon centres. The direction and length of the shortest closed geodesics is computed.Comment: Latex, 27 pages, 5 figures (late submission to arxiv.org

Anomalous hydrodynamics and "normal" fluids in rapidly rotating BECs

In rapidly rotating bose systems we show that there is a region of anomalous hydrodynamics whilst the system is still condensed, which coincides with the mean field quantum Hall regime. An immediate consequence is the absence of a normal fluid in any conventional sense. However, even the superfluid hydrodynamics is not described by conventional Bernoulli and continuity equations. We show there are kinematic constraints which connect spatial variations of density and phase, that the positions of vortices are not the simplest description of the dynamics of such a fluid (despite their utility in describing the instantaneous state of the condensate) and that the most compact description allows solution of some illuminating examples of motion. We demonstrate, inter alia, a very simple relation between vortices and surface waves. We show the surface waves can form a "normal fluid" which absorbs energy and angular momentum from vortex motion in the trap. The time scale of this process is sensitive to the initial configuration of the vortices, which can lead to long-lived vortex patches - perhaps related to those observed at JILA.Comment: 4 pages; 1 sentence and references modifie