Local fields in nonlinear quantum transport

We investigate the dynamical interplay between currents and electromagnetic fields in frequency-dependent transport through a single-channel quantum wire with an impurity potential in the presence of electron-electron interactions. We introduce and discuss a formalism which allows a self-consistent treatment of currents and electromagnetic fields.Comment: 4 page

A little autonomy support goes a long way. Daily autonomy-supportive parenting, child well-being, parental need fulfillment, and change in child, family, and parent adjustment across the adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic

This study examined the effects of daily parental autonomy support on changes in child behavior, family environment, and parental well-being across 3 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Day-to-day associations among autonomy-supportive parenting, parental need fulfillment, and child well-being were also assessed. Parents of school children (6–19 years) reported on adjustment measures at two measurement occasions and completed up to 21 daily online questionnaires in the weeks between these assessments. Results from dynamic structural equation models suggested reciprocal positive relations among autonomy-supportive parenting and parental need fulfillment. Daily parental autonomy support, parental need fulfillment, and child well-being partially predicted change in adjustment measures highlighting the central role of daily parenting for children’s adjustment during the pandemic. (DIPF/Orig.

Multi-wavelength, Multi-Messenger Pulsar Science in the SKA Era

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is an integral part of the next-generation observatories that will survey the Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum, and beyond, revolutionizing our view of fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Owing to their extreme nature and clock-like properties, pulsars discovered and monitored by SKA will enable a broad range of scientific endeavour and play a key role in this quest. This chapter summarizes the pulsar-related science goals that will be reached with coordinated efforts among SKA and other next-generation astronomical facilities.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, to be published in: "Advancing Astrophysics with the Square Kilometre Array", Proceedings of Science, PoS(AASKA14)15

Homeschooling während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie. Die Rolle dispositioneller Selbstregulation und Eigenschaften täglicher Lernaufgaben für die tägliche Selbstregulation von Schüler*innen

As a means to counter the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, schools were closed throughout Germany between mid-March and end of April 2020. Schooling was translocated to the students\u27 homes where students were supposed to work on learning tasks provided by their teachers. Students\u27 self-regulation and attributes of the learning tasks may be assumed to have played important roles when adapting to this novel schooling situation. They may be predicted to have influenced students\u27 daily self-regulation and hence the independence with which they worked on learning tasks. The present work investigated the role of students\u27 trait self-regulation as well as task difficulty and task enjoyment for students\u27 daily independence from their parents in learning during the homeschooling period. Data on children\u27s trait self-regulation were obtained through a baseline questionnaire filled in by the parents of 535 children (Mage = 9.69, SDage = 2.80). Parents additionally reported about the daily task difficulty, task enjoyment, and students\u27 learning independence through 21 consecutive daily online questionnaires. The results showed students\u27 trait self-regulation to be positively associated with their daily learning independence. Additionally, students\u27 daily learning independence was shown to be negatively associated with task difficulty and positively with task enjoyment. The findings are discussed with regard to students\u27 daily self-regulation during the homeschooling period. Finally, implications for teaching practice during the pandemic-related school closures are derived. (DIPF/Orig.)Um die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie einzudämmen, wurden zwischen Mitte März und Ende April 2020 deutschlandweit alle Schulen geschlossen. Während dieser Zeit wurden die Schüler*innen zu Hause beschult (\u27Homeschooling\u27) und arbeiteten an Lernaufgaben, die von ihren Lehrkräften bereitgestellt wurden. Bei der Anpassung an diese neuartige Beschulungssituation könnten sowohl die Selbstregulation der Schüler*innen als auch die Eigenschaften der Lernaufgaben eine wichtige Rolle gespielt haben. Es ist anzunehmen, dass diese insbesondere die tagtägliche Selbstregulation der Schüler*innen beim Bearbeiten der Lernaufgaben und damit die Selbstständigkeit, mit der sie an den Lernaufgaben arbeiteten beeinflusst haben. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte, welche Rolle die dispositionelle Selbstregulation von Schüler*innen, die Schwierigkeit der Lernaufgaben und die Freude an den Aufgaben für die tagtägliche Selbstständigkeit der Bearbeitung der Aufgaben während des Homeschoolings spielten. Die dispositionelle Selbstregulation der Schüler*innen wurde zunächst über einen Eingangsfragebogen erfasst, der von den Eltern von 535 Kindern ausgefüllt wurde (MAlter = 9,69; SDAlter = 2,80). Die Eltern berichteten anschließend an 21 aufeinander folgenden Tagen über die tägliche Aufgabenschwierigkeit, die Freude an den Aufgaben und die Selbstständigkeit, mit der ihre Kinder die Lernaufgaben bearbeiteten. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die dispositionelle Selbstregulation der Schüler*innen positiv mit ihrer täglichen Selbstständigkeit beim Lernen assoziiert war. Darüber hinaus war die tägliche Selbstständigkeit der Schüler*innen beim Lernen negativ mit der Aufgabenschwierigkeit und positiv mit der Freude an den Aufgaben verbunden. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die tägliche Selbstregulation der Schüler*innen während der Beschulung zu Hause diskutiert. Abschließend werden Implikationen für die Lehrpraxis während der pandemiebedingten Schulschließungen abgeleitet. (DIPF/Orig.

Distance learning, parent-child interactions, and affective well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. A diary study

To slow down the spread of the COVID-19 virus, schools around the world were closed in early 2020, transferring children\u27s scholastic activities to the homes and imposing a massive burden on parents and school-age children. Using data of a 21-day diary study conducted between March and April 2020 in Germany, this work examined whether (a) distance learning and (b) parents\u27 involvement therein were associated with negative parent-child interactions and affective well-being of parents and children, over and above the effect of daily stressors. Participants were 562 parents (489 mothers, Mage = 42.79, SDage = 6.12, range = 25-63) most of whom were married (n = 382, 68.0%). They responded to the daily items with respect to the youngest child living in their household (Mage = 9.74, SDage = 2.81, range = 6-19). On days when children were working on school tasks, parents reported more negative parent-child interactions as well as lower parental and child positive affect and higher child negative affect, but not higher parental negative affect. Moreover, days when parents were more heavily involved in learning (i.e., when children worked less independently) were days with more negative parent-child interactions, lower parental and child positive affect, and higher parental and child negative affect. Negative parent-child interactions were linked to lower affective well-being of parents and children, and partially accounted for the relation among daily stressors and affective well-being. The present work highlights the need for measures to better support school-age children and their parents during distance learning. (DIPF/Orig.

Towards wave extraction in numerical relativity: the quasi-Kinnersley frame

The Newman-Penrose formalism may be used in numerical relativity to extract coordinate-invariant information about gravitational radiation emitted in strong-field dynamical scenarios. The main challenge in doing so is to identify a null tetrad appropriately adapted to the simulated geometry such that Newman-Penrose quantities computed relative to it have an invariant physical meaning. In black hole perturbation theory, the Teukolsky formalism uses such adapted tetrads, those which differ only perturbatively from the background Kinnersley tetrad. At late times, numerical simulations of astrophysical processes producing isolated black holes ought to admit descriptions in the Teukolsky formalism. However, adapted tetrads in this context must be identified using only the numerically computed metric, since no background Kerr geometry is known a priori. To do this, this paper introduces the notion of a quasi-Kinnersley frame. This frame, when space-time is perturbatively close to Kerr, approximates the background Kinnersley frame. However, it remains calculable much more generally, in space-times non-perturbatively different from Kerr. We give an explicit solution for the tetrad transformation which is required in order to find this frame in a general space-time.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Reciprocal relations of subjective sleep quality and affective well-being in late childhood

High sleep quality has been associated with beneficial outcomes across the life span. Intensive longitudinal studies suggest that these beneficial effects can also be observed on a day-to-day level. However, the dynamic interplay between subjective sleep quality and affective well-being in children\u27s daily life has only rarely been investigated. The aims of the present work were (a) to replicate findings from a prior ambulatory assessment study in this area (Könen et al., 2016), (b) to explore the effect of subjective sleep quality on well-being throughout the day, and (c) to examine the reciprocal relation between subjective sleep quality and well-being in more detail. Data from two ambulatory assessment studies with children between 8 and 11 years (N = 108/84, with assessments over 28/21 consecutive days) consistently showed that positive affect was higher and negative affect was lower after nights with better sleep quality, and that the effects of subjective sleep quality were stronger on well-being assessed in the morning compared with later in the day. Results from dynamic structural equation models revealed reciprocal effects of subjective sleep quality and positive affect. Negative affect was not consistently related to worse subsequent sleep quality after controlling for positive affect and prior night\u27s sleep quality. Results suggest a close relation of sleep quality and positive affect, which strengthens the idea behind interventions targeting both, children\u27s sleep and well-being. Differences between children in the dynamic interplay between sleep and affect may be important predictors of long-term outcomes. (DIPF/Orig.

Journalisters rolle i krimjournalistikken - Konsekvensene av journalisters involvering i kriminell etterforskning

Denne oppgaven omhandler hva som er journalisters rolle under politiets pågående og avsluttede etterforskning og hva journalister selv mener er deres rolle. Gjennom kvalitative dybdeintervjuer med informanter fra både journalisters side, journalist Erlend Frafjord og Bjørn Olav Jahr, og myndighetenes side, politiinspektør Sigve Espeland og statsadvokat Thale Thomseth, har jeg samlet inn refleksjoner om hvordan journalister jobber i krimjournalistikken og hvilket forhold de har til myndighetene. Oppgaven inkluderer teorier og funn fra dybdeintervjuene i tillegg til informasjon hentet fra to av kriminaldokumentarene skrevet av Frafjord og Jahr, Da Tina ble drept og Hvem drepte Birgitte?. Undersøkelsen viser at journalister ofte samarbeider med politiet og etterforskere. Imidlertid har journalister andre mål og oppgaver enn myndighetene og etterforskerne. Medienes samfunnsoppdrag pålegger journalistene opplysningsansvar overfor allmenheten. Det fører til at journalister ofte publiserer mer informasjon enn myndighetene foretrekker. Tilsvarende har journalister andre kilder og kildenettverk enn politiets etterforskere. Dette kan gi innsyn og opplysninger myndighetene helst så upublisert. Samlet kan dette gjøre etterforskningen vanskeligere, det kan føre til falske tilståelser og gjøre rettsaker vanskeligere for påtalemakten.This thesis deals with the role of journalists in the police's ongoing and completed investigations and what journalists themselves believe is their role. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with informants from both the journalists' side, journalist Erlend Frafjord and Bjørn Olav Jahr, and the authorities' side, police inspector Sigve Espeland and state attorney Thale Thomseth, I have collected reflections on how journalists work in crime journalism and what relationship they have with the authorities. The assignment includes theories and findings from the in-depth interviews in addition to information taken from two of the crime documentaries written by Frafjord and Jahr, Da Tina ble drept and Hvem drepte Birgitte? The survey shows that journalists often cooperate with the police and investigators. However, journalists have different goals and tasks than the authorities and investigators. The social mission of the media imposes on journalists a responsibility to provide information to the public. This leads to journalists often publishing more information than the authorities prefer. Correspondingly, journalists have different sources and source networks than police investigators. This can provide insight and information that the authorities would prefer to see unpublished. Collectively, this can make the investigation more difficult, it can lead to false confessions and make trials more difficult for the prosecution