Trends of spatial reorganization of growth in urban fields in the eastern United States, 1962 - 1978

The aim of this study is to formulate a model of the spatial reorganization of growth in urban fields. The model is based on a synthesis of factors associated with the intrametropolitan location theory, the central place theory, and the core - periphery conceptualization. The model constructed provides a means of measuring spread and backwash trends related to the spatial reorganization of growth. Data on employment in the retail trade are applied to a sample of thirty-four urban fields and the results are tested against the suggested model.

The technology-evoked time use rebound effect and its impact on pro-environmental consumer behaviour in tourism

The growing awareness of tourism’s environmental impacts has facilitated energy efficiency improvements in all tourism sub-sectors, especially in tourist transport. Further technological improvements are envisaged to save travel time as well as to reduce travel costs. However, the time savings achieved can potentially trigger behavioural responses of tourists that are unexpected and can intensify consumption. Ultimately, this intensified consumption can negate the positive effect of energy efficiency improvements in tourism, the phenomenon known as the time use rebound effect. Existing literature fails to account for this effect as a driver of unsustainable consumer behaviour in tourism. This paper proposes a framework to conceptualise the potential time use rebound effect in tourism and discusses the importance of considering it for better understanding and management of pro-environmental tourist behaviour. The paper elaborates upon the implications of the time use rebound effect for sustainable tourism development. Highlights Discusses the effect of energy efficiency improvements in tourism on consumption Demonstrates this effect is not always positive Conceptualises the rebound effect in tourism with respect to time Discusses how the time use rebound effect can reduce the positive effect of energy efficiency improvements in tourism