Humerus osteology, myology, and finite element structure analysis of Cheloniidae

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The Nuts and Bolts of Deploying Process-Level IDS in Industrial Control Systems

Much research effort has recently been devoted to securing Industrial Control Systems (ICS) in response to the increasing number of adverse incidents targeting nation-wide critical infrastructures. Leveraging the static and regular nature of the behavior of control systems, various data-driven methods that monitor the process-level network have been proposed as a defensive measure. Although these methods have been evaluated through offline analysis of ICS-related datasets, in absence of documented live experiments in real environments, a complete and global understanding of the applicability and efficiency of process-level monitoring is still lacking. In this work, we describe our experience of running a fully fledged intrusion detection system in an operational paper factory for 75 days. We discuss the nuts and bolts of running such systems in real environments and underline several practical challenges in meeting ICS-specific requirements. This work essentially aims at bridging the gap between ICS intrusion detection research and practice, and empirically validating the increasingly adopted data-driven approach to process-level monitoring

Chemical in‐depth analysis of (Ca/Sr)F2 core–shell like nanoparticles by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy with tunable excitation energy

The fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis is applied with the intention to obtain two different types of core–shell nanoparticles, namely, SrF2–CaF2 and CaF2–SrF2. In two separate fluorination steps for core and shell formation, the corresponding metal lactates are reacted with anhydrous HF in ethylene glycol. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirm the formation of particles with mean dimensions between 6.4 and 11.5 nm. The overall chemical composition of the particles during the different reaction steps is monitored by quantitative Al Kα excitation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Here, the formation of stoichiometric metal fluorides (MF2) is confirmed, both for the core and the final core–shell particles. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis by synchrotron radiation XPS (SR-XPS) with tunable excitation energy is performed to confirm the core–shell character of the nanoparticles. Additionally, Ca2p/Sr3d XPS intensity ratio in-depth profiles are simulated using the software Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA). In principle, core–shell like particle morphologies are formed but without a sharp interface between calcium and strontium containing phases. Surprisingly, the in-depth chemical distribution of the two types of nanoparticles is equal within the error of the experiment. Both comprise a SrF2-rich core domain and CaF2-rich shell domain with an intermixing zone between them. Consequently, the internal morphology of the final nanoparticles seems to be independent from the synthesis chronology.European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014132Peer Reviewe

Chemical in-depth analysis of (Ca/Sr)F2 core–shell like nanoparticles by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with tunable excitation energy

The fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis is applied with the intention to obtain two different types of core–shell nanoparticles, namely, SrF2–CaF2 and CaF2–SrF2. In two separate fluorination steps for core and shell formation, the corresponding metal lactates are reacted with anhydrous HF in ethylene glycol. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirm the formation of particles with mean dimensions between 6.4 and 11.5 nm. The overall chemical composition of the particles during the different reaction steps is monitored by quantitative Al Kα excitation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Here, the formation of stoichiometric metal fluorides (MF2) is confirmed, both for the core and the final core–shell particles. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis by synchrotron radiation XPS (SR-XPS) with tunable excitation energy is performed to confirm the core–shell character of the nanoparticles. Additionally, Ca2p/Sr3d XPS intensity ratio in-depth profiles are simulated using the software Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA). In principle, core–shell like particle morphologies are formed but without a sharp interface between calcium and strontium containing phases. Surprisingly, the in-depth chemical distribution of the two types of nanoparticles is equal within the error of the experiment. Both comprise a SrF2-rich core domain and CaF2-rich shell domain with an intermixing zone between them. Consequently, the internal morphology of the final nanoparticles seems to be independent from the synthesis chronology

Removal of hydrogen from Ti VT 1-0 under action of accelerated electrons

The process of hydrogen removal from titanium of VT1-0 grade under the action of accelerated electrons has been studied experimentally. The irradiation was carried out by an electron beam with energies of 25-40 keV during 15-60 min. The information on the hydrogen content in samples from titanium of VT1-0 grade has been obtained both before and after irradiation with accelerated electrons. The activation energy of hydrogen desorption from titanium has been calculated. It was found that the increase of the time and the energy of an irradiation lead to the decrease of the residual hydrogen content in the titanium samples

Kindergastroenterologische und hepatologische Versorgung in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer deutschlandweiten Umfrage

INTRODUCTION Children and adolescents with chronic gastrointestinal, pancreatic and liver diseases need age-appropriate and qualified treatment. A representative survey is used to analyse the structural and personnel-related outpatient and inpatient care of children with chronic gastrointestinal, pancreatic and liver diseases in Germany. METHODOLOGY 319 paediatric and adolescent medicine clinics and 50 paediatric gastroenterology practices in Germany were invited to participate in the anonymous online survey via EFS Survey. The structure of the facilities, further training authorisations, cooperations, treatment and care data and an assessment of the need for care were systematically recorded and descriptively evaluated. RESULTS 81 clinics and 10 practices participated in the survey. Almost two thirds of the clinics (n=52) provide outpatient paediatric gastroenterology services. Mostly up to 10 (25.4%) or 20 hours/week (33.8%). A quarter of the clinics do not offer consultation hours. Outpatient care needs cannot be met by two-thirds of the institutions. Half of all clinics stated that inpatient paediatric gastroenterology care needs can be met. However, one third cannot cover this and only rarely are there unused capacities. 35 clinics (43.2%) have a further training authorisation according to the state medical association (n=33) and/or are a further training centre of the Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (GPGE) (n=18). CONCLUSION There is a deficit in both outpatient and inpatient care in paediatric and adolescent gastroenterology. This results, among other things, from the economic framework conditions and a lack of personnel. Well-trained specialists with specialisation in paediatric and adolescent gastroenterology are still needed to provide qualified care throughout the country. Future studies should also include the need for paediatric gastroenterological care from the perspective of other groups, such as affected patients, internal gastroenterologists and paediatricians in private practice. = Introduction: Children and adolescents with chronic gastrointestinal, pancreatic and liver diseases need age-appropriate and qualified treatment. A representative survey is used to analyse the structural and personnel-related outpatient and inpatient care of children with chronic gastrointestinal, pancreatic and liver diseases in Germany. Methodology: 319 paediatric and adolescent medicine clinics and 50 paediatric gastroenterology practices in Germany were invited to participate in the anonymous online survey via EFS Survey. The structure of the facilities, further training authorisations, cooperations, treatment and care data and an assessment of the need for care were systematically recorded and descriptively evaluated. Results: 81 clinics and 10 practices participated in the survey. Almost two thirds of the clinics (n=52) provide outpatient paediatric gastroenterology services. Mostly up to 10 (25.4%) or 20 hours/week (33.8%). A quarter of the clinics do not offer consultation hours. Outpatient care needs cannot be met by two-thirds of the institutions. Half of all clinics stated that inpatient paediatric gastroenterology care needs can be met. However, one third cannot cover this and only rarely are there unused capacities. 35 clinics (43.2%) have a further training authorisation according to the state medical association (n=33) and/or are a further training centre of the Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (GPGE) (n=18). Conclusion: There is a deficit in both outpatient and inpatient care in paediatric and adolescent gastroenterology. This results, among other things, from the economic framework conditions and a lack of personnel. Well-trained specialists with specialisation in paediatric and adolescent gastroenterology are still needed to provide qualified care throughout the country. Future studies should also include the need for paediatric gastroenterological care from the perspective of other groups, such as affected patients, internal gastroenterologists and paediatricians in private practice

New Insights into the Extent of the Late Palaeolithic Settlement on the Martinsberg in Andernach (Lkr. Mayen-Koblenz)

In 2006, the Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz (GDKE) had to conduct an excavation in the Roonstrasse in Andernach, immediately beside the important Palaeolithic site of Andernach-Martinsberg. Due to construction work, the time for the excavation of the 120 m(2) area was very short and the sediment was divided into quarters of metre squares and packaged in bags. Later, employees of the GDKE and students of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) conducted a wet-sieving of the sediments. In 2018, within the context of a bachelor thesis, the lithic artefacts found during wet-sieving were analyzed technologically and typologically as well as with regard to their spatial distribution. Typological elements, such as three short scrapers, indicate a Late Palaeolithic origin of the finds which is further corroborated by the lack of any characteristic Magdalenian tools. The technological analysis led to the result that a soft organic and a soft mineral hammer were both used for blank production. Comparing Andernach Roonstrasse with the Magdalenian concentrations I-IV and the Late Palaeolithic concentrations Andernach 2 and 3 showed several similarities with the latter two, but almost none with the Magdalenian assemblages. The spatial analysis of the finds distribution indicates that they represent a continuation of the already known Late Palaeolithic settlement of Andernach-Martinsberg

Stimuli Generation for Quality-of-Experience Evaluation of Mobile Applications

The assessment of Quality-of-Experience (QoE) corresponding to a given set of Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters is of high importance for any mobile network operator. Methods for subjective QoE assessment such as MUlti Stimulus test with Hidden Reference and Anchors (MUSHRA) or Subjective Assessment Methodology for Video Quality (SAMVIQ) are based on collecting user feedback for one or several stimuli, i.e. differently processed versions of a source. Generating these stimuli corresponding to a given set of QoS parameters for a QoE assessment of a mobile application is a time-consuming, non-trivial task. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel publicly available open-source framework for stimuli generation for QoE assessment of mobile applications. It is based on the combination of network emulation and automatic user-interface control of a real mobile device, whose behavior is recorded and post-processed to generate suitable stimuli. The article presents the basic concept of the framework, describes its open-source implementation, and concludes with an initial evaluation of the framework based on typical types of mobile applications