213 research outputs found
On the Normative Paradigm of Sworn Translation in the Realm of Law
In the 1920s the Polish legislature adopted a whole range of normative acts focused on the protection of the Polish language and on sworn translators practicing in official contexts. In accordance with statutory law, since 2004 sworn translators have been considered a profession commanding public trust. Among the many professional duties associated with sworn translators' performance, the regulations emphasize the duty to translate both spoken discourse and written texts with precision and faithfulness, and make sworn translators liable to disciplinary sanctions for poor quality work. The principles and rules for practicing the profession of sworn translator are enumerated in the Professional Sworn Translator’s Code of 2018
Studies of the magnetic axis switching in magnetite
The influence of the external magnetic field on magnetic and crystallographic structure of magnetite was studied. We have confirmed, by means of vibrating sample magnetometer measurements, that external magnetic field
can switch the easy magnetic axis to the new crystallographic direction. We have also proved by the direct observation of the crystalline structure that this phenomenon is strictly related to the crystallographic structure relaxation
Comparison of phase structures and surface free energy values for the coatings synthesised from linear polyurethanes and from waterborne polyurethane cationomers
WAXS, DSC and AFM methods were employed to compare phase structures of the coatings obtained from waterborne polyurethane cationomers which had been synthesised in the reaction of some diisocyanates (MDI, IPDI, TDI and HDI) with polyoxyethylene glycols (M = 600 and 2,000) and butane1,4-diol or N-methyl- or N-butyldiethanolamine and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-butanediol. The structures were also analysed of the coatings derived from linear polyurethanes which had been synthesised on the basis of similar raw materials. Better rigidity was found for generally amorphous cationomer coats. Changes were discussed in the surface free energy (SFE) values and in their components, as calculated independently with the use of the van Oss–Good and Owens–Wendt methods. Polyurethane coats turned out more hydrophobic as compared to cationomer ones. In both coat types, fluorine incorporated into cationomers contributed to lower SFE values: from 50 down to about 30 mJ/m2
Synthesis and characterisation of coating polyurethane cationomers containing fluorine built-in hard urethane segments
Polyurethane cationomers were synthesised in the reaction of 4,4’-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) with polyoxyethylene glycol (M = 2,000) or poly(tetrafluoroethyleneoxide-co-difluoromethylene oxide) α,ω-diisocyanate and N-methyl diethanolamine. Amine segments were built-in to the urethane-isocyanate prepolymer in the reaction with 1-bromobutane or formic acid, and then they were converted to alkylammonium cations. The obtained isocyanate prepolymers were then extended in the aqueous medium that yielded stable aqueous dispersions which were applied on the surfaces of test poly(tetrafluoroethylene) plates. After evaporation of water, the dispersions formed thin polymer coatings. 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectral methods were employed to confirm chemical structures of synthesised cationomers. Based on 1H NMR and IR spectra, the factors κ and α were calculated, which represented the polarity level of the obtained cationomers. The DSC, wide angle X-ray scattering and atom force microscopy methods were employed for the microstructural assessment of the obtained materials. Changes were discussed in the surface free energy and its components, as calculated independently according to the method suggested by van Oss–Good, in relation to chemical and physical structures of cationomers as well as morphology of coating surfaces obtained from those cationomers. Fluorine incorporated into cationomers (about 30%) contributed to lower surface free energy values, down to about 15 mJ/m2. That was caused by gradual weakening of long-range interactions within which the highest share is taken by dispersion interactions
Modelling the surface free energy parameters of polyurethane coats—part 2. Waterborne coats obtained from cationomer polyurethanes
Quantum D-branes and exotic smooth R^4
In this paper, we present the idea that the formalism of string theory is
connected with the dimension 4 in a new way, not covered by phenomenological or
model-building approaches. The main connection is given by structures induced
by small exotic smooth R^4's having intrinsic meaning for physics in dimension
4. We extend the notion of stable quantum D-branes in a separable
noncommutative C* algebras over convolution algebras corresponding to the
codimension-1 foliations of S^3 which are mainly connected to small exotic R^4.
The tools of topological K-homology and K-theory as well KK-theory describe
stable quantum branes in the C* algebras when naturally extended to algebras.
In case of convolution algebras, small exotic smooth R^4's embedded in exotic
R^4 correspond to a generalized quantum branes on the algebras. These results
extend the correspondence between exotic R^4 and classical D and NS branes from
our previous work.Comment: 16 pages, no figure, see arXiv/1101.3169 for Part 1 This is part 2 of
the work based on the talk "Small exotic smooth and string
theory" given at the International Congress of Mathematicians, ICM2010,
19-28.08.2010, Hyderabad, Indi
Complex-Orbital Order in Fe_3O_4 and Mechanism of the Verwey Transition
Electronic state and the Verwey transition in magnetite (Fe_3O_4) are studied
using a spinless three-band Hubbard model for 3d electrons on the B sites with
the Hartree-Fock approximation and the exact diagonalisation method.
Complex-orbital, e.g., 1/sqrt(2)[|zx> + i |yz>], ordered (COO) states having
noncollinear orbital moments ~ 0.4 mu_B on the B sites are obtained with the
cubic lattice structure of the high-temperature phase. The COO state is a novel
form of magnetic ordering within the orbital degree of freedom. It arises from
the formation of Hund's second rule states of spinless pseudo-d molecular
orbitals in the Fe_4 tetrahedral units of the B sites and ferromagnetic
alignment of their fictitious orbital moments. A COO state with longer
periodicity is obtained with pseudo-orthorhombic Pmca and Pmc2_1 structures for
the low-temperature phase. The state spontaneously lowers the crystal symmetry
to the monoclinic and explains experimentally observed rhombohedral cell
deformation and Jahn-Teller like distortion. From these findings, we consider
that at the Verwey transition temperature, the COO state remaining to be
short-range order impeded by dynamical lattice distortion in high temperature
is developed into that with long-range order coupled with the monoclinic
lattice distortion.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in J. Phys.
Soc. Jp
Incidence, course, and outcome of Clostridium difficile infection in children with hematological malignancies or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Changes in disease burden in Poland between 1990–2017 in comparison with other Central European countries: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Background
Systematic collection of mortality/morbidity data over time is crucial for monitoring trends in population health, developing health policies, assessing the impact of health programs. In Poland, a comprehensive analysis describing trends in disease burden for major conditions has never been published. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides data on the burden of over 300 diseases in 195 countries since 1990. We used the GBD database to undertake an assessment of disease burden in Poland, evaluate changes in population health between 1990–2017, and compare Poland with other Central European (CE) countries
Effect of different polyethers on surface and thermal properties of poly(urethane-siloxane) copolymers modified with side-chain siloxane
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