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ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΅Π΅ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Agile Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ. Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
Modeling processes in IDEF0 (Integration Definition for Function Modeling). Lab manual for the course of "Modeling and reengineering business processes" for students specialized in fild of stady 124 β System analisis
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π±ΡΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Β» ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Π½Ρ
ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ AllFusion Process Modeler. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π΄ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°
ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π±ΡΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°
Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ CASE-Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ².
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ 124 β CΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·.The objective of the lab manual is to help students independently master the optional
discipline "Modeling and reengineering business processes" while doing the individual task and
learning how to deal with AllFusion Process Modeler. The lab manual is aimed at deepening and
consolidating the theoretical knowledge on structural, process and object-oriented approaches to the
business processes analysis; learning how to apply the methods of analysis for business process
modelling; mastering the modelling methods with the help of the CASE-tools.
The manual is aimed at activating the executive stage of students' educational activities fild
of stady 124 β System analisis
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An update to the Surface Ocean COβ Atlas (SOCAT version 2)
The Surface Ocean COβ Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCOβ (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCOβ values) and extended data coverage (from 1968β2007 to 1968β2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models
An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO(2) values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longer-term variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models.</p
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Background.The availability of drug-eluting stents with evidence-based clinical safety and efficacy produced in the Russian Federation is one of the relevant goals for successful treating of patients with coronary artery disease, including acute coronary syndrome. Aim To confirm clinical rationale and experimental feasibility of the first Russian drugeluting stent, Calypso (Angioline, LLC, Russian Federation), for the clinical practice.Methods.The study included four phases. The first phase was aimed at selecting the optimal stent platform with superior healing properties. Then, the selected Russian coronary stents based on the optimal platforms underwent preclinical studies. The third phase included the clinical assessment using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in order to confirm the preclinical results. The last phase was focused on assessing clinical safety and efficacy of the Russian coronary stent based on the comparative analysis of angiographic findings within the 12-months follow-up.Results.At the first phase, biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent showed superior healing properties in comparison with the healing score of 18Β±14.97 for Orsiro stents (Biotronik, Germany) versus 25.6Β±1.0 for Xience stents (Abbott Vascular, USA) versus 32.5Β±20.3 for Synergy (Boston Scientific, USA), p<0.001. The Russian stent consistently demonstrated a high healing profile in preclinical and OCT clinical studies. The results of the comparative clinical study proved the clinical safety and efficacy of the Russian stent that was similar to the best foreign stents. None of the differences in the incidence of binary restenosis were found between the groups (p<0.05).Conclusion.The biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent Calypso manufactured in the Russian Federation demonstrated superior neointimal healing pattern with no signs of chronic inflammation in the experiment. This stent reported high neointimal healing properties according to the clinical OCT study. According to the angiographic findings, the incidence of binary restenosis between the Russian biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent and durable polymer everolimuseluting stents was similar at the 12-months follow-up (p>0.05).ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ.ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Β«ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΒ» (ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉΠ½Β», Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ.ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π²ΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 12 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ.ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ: ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Orsiro (Biotronik, ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 18,0Β±14,97 Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ Xience (Abbott Vascular, Π‘Π¨Π) 25,6Β±1,0 ΠΈ Synergy (Boston Scientific, Π‘Π¨Π) 32,5Β±20,3 (p<0,001). ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, p>0,05).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΡΡ-ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΒ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΠ’. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΡΡ-Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΡΡ-Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 12 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Ρ>0,05)
Antibody Responses against Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus Envelope in a Murine Model
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was recently discovered to be the first human gammaretrovirus that is associated with chronic fatigue syndrome and prostate cancer (PC). Although a mechanism for XMRV carcinogenesis is yet to be established, this virus belongs to the family of gammaretroviruses well known for their ability to induce cancer in the infected hosts. Since its original identification XMRV has been detected in several independent investigations; however, at this time significant controversy remains regarding reports of XMRV detection/prevalence in other cohorts and cell type/tissue distribution. The potential risk of human infection, coupled with the lack of knowledge about the basic biology of XMRV, warrants further research, including investigation of adaptive immune responses. To study immunogenicity in vivo, we vaccinated mice with a combination of recombinant vectors expressing codon-optimized sequences of XMRV gag and env genes and virus-like particles (VLP) that had the size and morphology of live infectious XMRV.Immunization elicited Env-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against XMRV in mice. The peak titers for ELISA-binding antibodies and NAb were 1:1024 and 1:464, respectively; however, high ELISA-binding and NAb titers were not sustained and persisted for less than three weeks after immunizations.Vaccine-induced XMRV Env antibody titers were transiently high, but their duration was short. The relatively rapid diminution in antibody levels may in part explain the differing prevalences reported for XMRV in various prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome cohorts. The low level of immunogenicity observed in the present study may be characteristic of a natural XMRV infection in humans
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An update to the Surface Ocean COβ Atlas (SOCAT version 2)
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968β2007 to 1968β2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models
Innovative technology of obtaining organic marble beef
The aim was to develop an innovative technology for obtaining high-quality organic marble beef. In the experimental farm βPolyvanivkaβ of the Institute of Grain Crops NAAS the cultivation of bulls of the gray Ukrainian breed up to 30 months of age has been organized using fodder which is traditional for steppe zone of Ukraine. The work has been performed according to the research program of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine no. 37 βSystem of work in populations and conservation of biological diversity of genetic resources of farm animalsβ (βPreservation of breed gene poolβ). The expediency of organic production of high-quality marble beef obtained in the steppe zone of Ukraine from gray Ukrainian cattle has been proven. This breed has such economically useful features as the duration of production use, longevity, high growth energy (stable average daily gain over 1 kg), and the conversion of diet into products (feed consumption is 70β80 MJ per 1 kg of growth) correlating with the age of the animal, slaughter rates (>60%, meat content is >4 kg per 1 kg of bones, hard skin is >30 kg which belongs to the category of bull production). We have found that it is necessary to determine the cattle fatness not by subcutaneous fat which has no dietary value, but by the beef marbling as a sign of its quality which takes into account the presence of intramuscular and intermuscular fat including unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A and D, as well as the amount of protein and moisture and taste and culinary features of the carcass flesh, such as tenderness, juiciness and aroma. This meets the requirements of the consumer. The proposals based on the results of research on technological changes in animal husbandry promote the development of meat cattle breeding and are of great economic importance for strengthening the health of the population and food safety in Ukraine
Feed protein solubility as an indicator of digestibility and availability of nutrients in the diets of bulls
The research was conducted on steppe red bulls with duodenal and ileocecal anastomoses when feeding isoenergetic, isoprotein hay-concentrate diets with different levels of soluble protein (SP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP). We studied the transformation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) separately in a complex stomach, small (SI) and large (LI) parts of the intestine. Assimilation of protein by animals was assessed by the amount of it digested in SI, and unproductive costs β by the part of nitrogen in the urine. Diets consisted of hay, peas and mineral supplements. Different amounts of SP in the diets were achieved by feeding natural pea (control) or pea grilled at a temperature of +105Β°C (experiment). When feeding a diet with a reduced level of SP and RDP, the apparent intensity of digestion decreased, which was manifested in a slightly smaller amount of feed consumed, and in a smaller number of duodenal and ileocecal chyme. In a complex stomach, the CP digestibility of the experimental diet with a reduced level of SP was 10% lower. In the control diet with a high level of SP, more CP was degraded in rumen and more ammonium nitrogen was supplied to SI. The availability of CP for digestion in SI on the experimental diet was 5.8% higher, against control, with 8β10% higher digestibility of DM, OM and CP, but lower digestibility of CA and CF. In LI, the digestibility of nutrients in the studied diets was multidirectional. A significant amount of dietary protein was depreciated in the control diet with a high level of SP due to a 40% increase in urinary nitrogen excretion
Productivity energy level of cows of Gray Ukrainian breeds and their reproductive qualities
We have studied the reproductive abilities of the animals and the development of the offspring during the post-sucking period on cows of the Gray Ukrainian breed in the 1stβ3rd lactations. To evaluate the cows and the offspring, in addition to traditional signs, indicators of net energy of body maintenance and net energy of growth were introduced, as integrated indicators of the state of the organism, which depend to a greater extent on the origin than on the conditions of keeping. We have established that the researched population of animals of the Gray Ukrainian breed in the ecological and fodder conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine shows excellent maternal instincts, reproductive function and small foetus rate not lower than the standard for the breed, almost equal distribution of offspring by sex. The yield of calves per 100 cows is 97β98%, live weight of calves at birth is 25β26 kg for heifers and 27β28 kg for bulls; high milk yield: the weaning live weight at 8 months of age is 200 kg for heifers and 230 kg for bulls, the service period of cows for 1β3 lactation period is 155β91 days, the intercalving period is 433β371 days, the small foetus coefficient is 0.54β0.49, net energy for maintaining vital activity in cows is 40β45 MJ and in newborn calves β 4.5β4.6 MJ, the net energy of growth of young calves when weaned from their mothers is 19β20 MJ and for the entire period of suckling is 3800β4900 MJ. In the section of lactations, correlational dependences were established between the net energy of maintaining cows and their offspring, which makes it possible to carry out more purposeful selection and selection of animals for further breeding and preservation of the herd of this breed