28 research outputs found
Lanthanum-Gallium Tantalate Crystals and their Electrophysical Characterization
Lanthanum-gallium tantalate single crystal (La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14, langatate, LGT) is a perspective piezoe-lectric material as an active component of pressure sensors. An investigation of the growth conditions in-fluence (the growth atmosphere) on the electrophysical Ρharacterization of LGT, obtained in different at-mospheres (Ar, Ar + O2) was carried out. The frequency dependences of the relative dielectric constant
(Ξ΅11/Ξ΅0) and of the admittance depend on the growth atmosphere. The langatate electrophysical Ρharacteri-zation in alternating electric fields were analyzed by means of the impedance spectr oscopy method. The
behavior of short circuit currents in specimens of polar cuts of LGT single crystals with the same material
electrodes without preliminary polarization is described.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3628
Savaime sklindanΔios aukΕ‘tatemperatΕ«rinΔs sintezΔs bΕ«du gautΕ³ aliuminio oksinitrido milteliΕ³ ir jΕ³ keramikΕ³ optinΔs savybΔs
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the Research Project No. 19-08-00655. V.P. acknowledges the State Research Program βAug-stas enerΔ£ijas fizika un paΔtrinΔtΔju tehnoloΔ£ijasβ (Projekta Nr. VPP-IZM-CERN-2020/1-0002). The Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-Teaming Phase2 under Grant Agreement No. 739508, Project CAMART2.The synthesis method of aluminium oxynitride (AlON) powders by nitriding of Al/Al2 O3 mixture under high-pressure nitrogen is proposed. The novelty of this method consists in adding KClO4 or Mg(ClO4 )2 and extra Al into the starting mixture (Al+Al2 O3 ) to cause the exothermal aluminium oxidation reaction, which therefore initiates the aluminium nitriding reaction. The microstructure and phase composition of the AlON powders obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis are demonstrated by means of SEM and XRD analysis. Diffuse reflection spectra of AlON powders have been measured and the values of band-gap energy have been calculated. Optical transmission and reflection characteristics of the AlON ceramic samples sintered from AlON powders at 1930Β°C have been studied. The influence of the technological parameters of ceramics production on their transparency is revealed β the most transparent sample is obtained from the powders synthesized with the Mg(ClO4 )2 additive and sintered for 6 h. Β© Lietuvos mokslΕ³ akademija, 2021.RFBR according to the Research Project No. 19-08-00655; National Research Program VPP-IZM-CERN-2020/1-0002;
the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-Teaming Phase2 under Grant Agreement No. 739508, Project CAMART2
ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ in vitro
Background: One of the pathological effects of carbon monoxide (CO) on blood is the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin completely blocks oxygen transfer; therefore, there is a net decrease in oxygen transport by red blood cells potentially resulting in tissue hypoxia. The effects of CO on blood can also damage cell membranes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been recognized as effective for investigation into the mechanisms of structural damage in erythrocyte membranes. Aim: By means of AFM, to identify characteristics of changes in morphology and aggregation of erythrocytes exposed to CO in vitro.Materials and methods: All experiments were performed in vitro. We studied the morphology of erythrocytes and their aggregates with AFM. Blood sampling (150 ΞΌl) in microvettes with EDTA (Sarstedt AG Co., Germany) was carried out during a prophylactic work-up of 5 volunteers. To obtain CO in a test tube, formic acid was mixed with sulfuric acid 1:1. Blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin were measured by spectrophotometry. A nonlinear fitting method of the experimental spectra was used to calculate the concentrations of hemoglobin derivatives in blood. Statistical analysis was done with the Origin software (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA).Results: After CO exposure, a shift in peaks was observed. At exposure time tβ=320 s, the percentage of carboxyhemoglobin (CHbCO) was 88Β±2%. As a result of blood exposure to CO, at tβ=160 s 10% of the cells differed in their shape from discocytes, whereas at tβ=320 s their proportion was 38%. With increasing duration of exposure to CO, erythrocyte aggregation occurred with formation of their large conglomerates up to 30 ΞΌm in size. In the control smear, the proportion of discocytes was 96Β±2%, and the remaining 4Β±1% of the cells had the form of echinocytes. The cell diameter (Dcont) was in the range 7.5Β±0.8 ΞΌm. After blood exposure to CO at tβ=160 s in the monolayer, 28Β±5% of cells had a diameter less than5.7 ΞΌm. After CO exposure at tβ=320 s, the proportion of cells with a diameter of less than5.7 ΞΌm increased to 72Β±11%.Conclusion: The experiments have shown that blood exposure to CO changed the morphology of erythrocytes. The formation of interconnected structures made of red blood cells was observed. With increased time of exposure, erythrocytes demonstrated aggregation with conglomerate formation.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° (Π‘Π) Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘Π Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ‘Π) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ².Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ‘Π Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π‘Π in vitro.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ in vitro. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ‘Π. ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (150 ΠΌΠΊΠ») ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Ρ ΠΠΠ’Π (Sarstedt AG Co., ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ) Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 5 Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ CO Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ 1:1 ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ β ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ βnonlinear fittingβ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Origin (OriginLab Corporation, Π‘Π¨Π).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π‘Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ tβ=320 c ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ CHbCO =88Β±2%. ΠΡΠΈ tβ=160 c 10% ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈ tβ=320 c β 38% ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π‘Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ 30 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° 96Β±2%, Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ 4Β±1% ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡΠ» Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ DΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ=7,5Β±0,8 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π‘Π tβ=160 c Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ 28Β±5% ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ (D)5,7 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π‘Π tβ=320 c ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ D5,7 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 72Β±11%.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘Π Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Π° Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ―ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ΠΠ«, ΠΠΠΠ Π―ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π ΠΠ«ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π’Π―ΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ, ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠ’ΠΠ’ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ―
The effect of industrial remediants (lignohumate) by phyto-testing on different types of soils of the Middle Urals, in the Pervouralsk copper plant area, was revealed. Soil treatment with remediants was carried out in vegetation and laboratory experiments on 15 soil samples taken from the upper soil layer (0-15 cm) of the studied soils (brown soil, sod-podzolic) in the area of contamination (copper smelter). A decrease in the toxic effect of the studied heavy metals (Cu, Zn Cd, Pb) under the action of lignohumates in soil samples with a high humus content was revealed. In humus-depleted soils, the addition of a dose of lignohumate did not significantly affect the content of the studied pollutants in them.ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°) ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ² Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π£ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° 15 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ², ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° (0-15 ΡΠΌ) ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ² (Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ) Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄). ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΆΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² (Cu, Zn Cd, Pb) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΡΠΌΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠΌΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
Spiral phase plate with multiple singularity centers
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π’ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΡ, ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ Π² ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° 2. ΠΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ: ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΡΠ»Ρ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡ Π½ΡΠ»Ρ.
We investigate a multispiral phase plate (MSPP) with multiple centers of phase singularity arbitrarily located in the MSPP plane. Equations to describe the topological charge of an optical vortex in the initial plane immediately behind the MSPP and orbital angular momentum (OAM) normalized relative to the beam power are derived. The topological charge in the initial plane is found as a sum of the topological charges of all singularities if their centers are located inside a finite-radius circular aperture. If the phase singularity centers are partially located on the boundary of a circular diaphragm limiting the MSPP, the total topological charge is found as the sum of all singularities divided by 2. Total OAM that the vortex carries depends on the location of the singularity centers: the farther from the center of the plate the singularity center is located, the smaller is its contribution to the OAM. If all singularity centers are located on the boundary of the diaphragm limiting MSPP, then the OAM of the vortex beam equals zero, although in this case the topological charge of the beam is nonzero.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π³ΡΠ°Π½Ρ 18-29-20003, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄Π°), Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° (Π³ΡΠ°Π½Ρ 18-19-00595, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π€ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π€ΠΠΠ¦ Β«ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β» Π ΠΠ (ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ)
Ru/CdS Quantum Dots Templated on Clay Nanotubes as Visible-Light-Active Photocatalysts: Optimization of S/Cd Ratio and Ru Content
Β© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH A nanoarchitectural approach based on in situ formation of quantum dots (QDs) within/outside clay nanotubes was developed. Efficient and stable photocatalysts active under visible light were achieved with ruthenium-doped cadmium sulfide QDs templated on the surface of azine-modified halloysite nanotubes. The catalytic activity was tested in the hydrogen evolution reaction in aqueous electrolyte solutions under visible light. Ru doping enhanced the photocatalytic activity of CdS QDs thanks to better light absorption and electronβhole pair separation due to formation of a metal/semiconductor heterojunction. The S/Cd ratio was the major factor for the formation of stable nanoparticles on the surface of the azine-modified clay. A quantum yield of 9.3 % was reached by using Ru/CdS/halloysite containing 5.2 wt % of Cd doped with 0.1 wt % of Ru and an S/Cd ratio of unity. In vivo and in vitro studies on the CdS/halloysite hybrid demonstrated the absence of toxic effects in eukaryotic cells and nematodes in short-term tests, and thus they are promising photosensitive materials for multiple applications