High-Level Bottom-Up Cues for Top-Down Parsing of Facade Images

International audienceWe address the problem of parsing images of building facades. The goal is to segment images, assigning to the resulting regions semantic labels that correspond to the basic architectural elements. We assume a top-down parsing framework is developed beforehand, based on a 2D shape grammar that encodes a prior knowledge on the possible composition of facades. The algorithm explores the space of feasible solutions by generating the possible configurations of the facade and comparing it to the input data by means of a local, pixel- or patch-based classifier. We propose new bottom-up cues for the algorithm, both for evaluation of a candidate parse and for guiding the exploration of the space of feasible solutions. The method that we propose benefits from detection-based information and leverages on the similar appearance of elements that repeat in a given facade. Experiments performed on standard datasets show that this use of more discriminative bottom-up cues improves the convergence in comparison to state-of-the-art algorithms, and gives better results in terms of precision and recall, as well as computation time and deviation

Adjusting the Ground Truth Annotations for Connectivity-Based Learning to Delineate

Deep learning-based approaches to delineating 3D structure depend on accurate annotations to train the networks. Yet, in practice, people, no matter how conscientious, have trouble precisely delineating in 3D and on a large scale, in part because the data is often hard to interpret visually and in part because the 3D interfaces are awkward to use. In this paper, we introduce a method that explicitly accounts for annotation inaccuracies. To this end, we treat the annotations as active contour models that can deform themselves while preserving their topology. This enables us to jointly train the network and correct potential errors in the original annotations. The result is an approach that boosts performance of deep networks trained with potentially inaccurate annotations

Persistent Homology with Improved Locality Information for more Effective Delineation

We present a new, more effective way to use Persistent Homology (PH), a method to compare the topology of two data sets, for training deep networks to delineate road networks in aerial images and neuronal processes in microscopy scans. Its essence is in a novel filtration function, derived from a fusion of two existing techniques: thresholding-based filtration, previously used to train deep networks to segment medical images, and filtration with height functions, used before for comparison of 2D and 3D shapes. We experimentally demonstrate that deep networks trained with our Persistent-Homology-based loss yield reconstructions of road networks and neuronal processes that preserve the connectivity of the originals better than existing topological and non-topological loss functions

Wind energy in Poland – History, current state, surveys, Renewable Energy Sources Act, SWOT analysis

The history, current state and prospects for the development of the wind power sector in Poland have been presented. Poland has a long tradition of using wooden windmills, mainly post mills for economic purposes. Basing on the data of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, the speed of wind was calculated in Poland at a height of 100 m. The highest wind speed in Poland is noted in the northern part, the central part and, most of all, in the south-western part. In the December 2015 there were 1016 wind installations in Poland of total power of 5100 MW in Poland. There are also 37 wind farms. At the largest farm – Margonin – there are 60 wind turbines in operation, each of power of 2 MW. The new formal and legal framework for the wind power sector in Poland was described in relation to the new Renewable Energy Sources Act (RES Act). The new regulations on funding the wind power sector; that is, an auction system, were presented. The outcomes of the sociometric surveys conducted among investors were described. The SWOT analysis of the wind power sector in Poland was presented. The three scenarios of the development of the wind power sector in Poland were described

Promoting Connectivity of Network-Like Structures by Enforcing Region Separation

We propose a novel, connectivity-oriented loss function for training deep convolutional networks to reconstruct network-like structures, like roads and irrigation canals, from aerial images. The main idea behind our loss is to express the connectivity of roads, or canals, in terms of disconnections that they create between background regions of the image. In simple terms, a gap in the predicted road causes two background regions, that lie on the opposite sides of a ground truth road, to touch in prediction. Our loss function is designed to prevent such unwanted connections between background regions, and therefore close the gaps in predicted roads. It also prevents predicting false positive roads and canals by penalizing unwarranted disconnections of background regions. In order to capture even short, dead-ending road segments, we evaluate the loss in small image crops. We show, in experiments on two standard road benchmarks and a new data set of irrigation canals, that convnets trained with our loss function recover road connectivity so well, that it suffices to skeletonize their output to produce state of the art maps. A distinct advantage of our approach is that the loss can be plugged in to any existing training setup without further modifications

Energia odnawialna w województwie łódzkim : stan aktualny, potencjał techniczny, analiza SWOT, 157 s.

Energia odnawialna w województwie łódzkim.W ostatnich latach obserwuje się szybki rozwój energetyki odnawialnej na świecie. Również w Polsce, między innymi w województwie łódzkim, co raz częściej stawiane są elektrownie odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE). Celem pracy było przedstawienie aktualnego stanu energetyki odnawialnej w województwie łódzkim w podziale na poszczególne sektory OZE. Wykorzystując metodę GIS, obliczono potencjał energetyki odnawialnej w województwie. Analiza SWOT przedstawiła mocne i słabe strony, szanse i zagrożenia OZE w badanym regionie. W każdym rozdziale zwrócono również uwagę na aspekty społeczne związane z rozwojem energetyki odnawialnej. Rozwój OZE to więcej miejsc pracy niż w sektorze paliw kopalnych. Jest to praca dość dobrze płatna i bezpieczniejsza niż górnika pod ziemią. W każdym rozdziale przeprowadzono analizę SWOT, która jest kompleksową metodą analizy strategicznej, uwzględniającej zarówno badanie wnętrza przedsięwzięcia/organizacji, jak i badanie jej otoczenia zewnętrznego. Na podstawie analizy SWOT otrzymuje się zestaw: – silnych stron, które należy wzmacniać, – słabych stron, które należy niwelować/redukować, – szans, które należy wykorzystywać, – zagrożeń, których należy unikać

Rola geoportali w rozwoju i polityce regionów.

Otaczająca nas przestrzeń podlega ciągłym zmianom. W racjonalnym gospodarowaniu przestrzenią poszukuje się sposobów optymalnego jej wykorzystania, zarówno z punktu widzenia potrzeb człowieka, jak i wymogów ochrony środowiska.W procesie tym ważną rolę odgrywa informacja, w tym informacja przestrzenna, w ramach której systemy GIS są narzędziami gromadzenia, przetwarzania i udostępniania danych. Systemy te umożliwiają optymalne wykorzystanie przestrzeni oraz jej modelowanie. Należy zauważyć, że obecnie dynamicznie rozwijają się nowe środki i formy przekazu, w tym Internet. Rozwój Internetu przejawia się nie tylko w dostępie do nowoczesnej infrastruktury sieciowej, lecz także w odniesieniu do technik programistycznych umożliwiających tworzenie coraz to bardziej interaktywnych aplikacji sieciowych. Jednymi z częściej gromadzonych danych tematycznych w ramach GIS są dane o środowisku przyrodniczym oraz dane krajobrazowe. Myślą przewodnią prezentowanej monografii jest ukazanie znaczenia geoportali w rozwoju regionów, zwłaszcza w aspekcie ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego, krajobrazu i turystyki. Zebrano rozważania dotyczące charakterystyki działania i budowy infrastruktury informacji przestrzennej, w tym znaczenia i roli dyrektywy INSPIRE, przykłady serwisów internetowych wykorzystujących informację przestrzenną, wybrane rejestry danych przestrzennych o znaczeniu regionalnym i krajowym oraz problematykę interoperacyjności systemów informacji przestrzennej. Monografia zawiera przemyślenia odnoszące się do możliwości wykorzystania geoportali na przykładzie wybranych obiektów, w tym komponentów środowiskowych, a także zagadnienia dotyczące koncepcji wprowadzania i aktualizacji danych Centralnego Rejestru Form Ochrony Przyrody (CRFOP) z uwzględnieniem georeferencji z innych baz danych. Czytelnicy zapoznają się także z możliwiościami i przykładami wykorzystania serwisów WMS na potrzeby inwentaryzacji walorów i atrakcji turystycznej z punktu widzenia tworzenia klastra agroturystycznego. Niniejsza monografia zawiera również rozważania na temat społecznej roli geoinformacji, w tym geomarketingu oraz budowy marki w Internecie w ujęciu strategicznym i technologicznym. Usuń wybraneMany specialists are becoming increasingly interested in protecting and consciously shaping the landscape. The reason for that is a decline of the condition of surroundings, its aesthetics, and at the same time the decline of the quality of life. Negative landscape changes are caused mainly by the development of civilization and inappropriate spatial management. It causes an increased interest in new technologies which support landscape evaluation and protection, especially in the most valuable landscapes that ontribute to preserving the individual character of geographic environment. This book presents chosen methods of landscape classification and evaluation in the context of its usefulness for the implementation of European Landscape Convention. Presented methods can become a part of landscape audit. The solutions available in spatial information systems allow for implementation of the aims of European Land Convention and for the automation of the process. Animportant result of the research is the case study for each lakeland in north-east of Poland. Moreover, the book covers an analysis of the data on ecological land in Poland, which was particularly of detailed in koszaliński district and in the city of Koszalin. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used for the research. The results show current discrepancies between various data bases. The book presents also the uses of Web Map Service for the inventory of elements comprising touristic space at the level of a community such as: cultural heritage and natural values. The conclusion shows that spatial information and web services may actively impact its users.We observe the development of Internet services, particularly in coding techniques that facilitate the creation of more interactive web applications. The research shows chosen computer tools measuring the range of the impact of web applications, the results of the monitoring on the basis of internet application related to local spatial plan in Tomice municipality, and spatial informa-tion system of kujawsko-pomorskie Province built on the basis of the junctions of web infrastructure analysed on the levels of the existing administrative division

Interaction of graphene family materials with <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i>

Graphene family materials have unique properties, which make them valuable for a range of applications. The antibacterial properties of graphene have been reported; however, findings have been contradictory. This study reports on the antimicrobial proprieties of three different graphene materials (pristine graphene (pG), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) against the food-borne bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica. A high concentration (250 μg/mL) of all the analyzed graphenes completely inhibited the growth of both pathogens, despite their difference in bacterial cell wall structure. At a lower concentration (25 μg/mL), similar effects were only observed with GO, as growth inhibition decreased with pG and rGO at the lower concentration. Interaction of the nanoparticles with the pathogenic bacteria was found to differ depending on the form of graphene. Microscopic imaging demonstrated that bacteria were arranged at the edges of pG and rGO, while with GO, they adhered to the nanoparticle surface. GO was found to have the highest antibacterial activity