Ein Beitrag zur Modellierung von Erdreichsonden

Die verlässliche Vorhersage der Wärmeentzugsleistungen als auch der Soletemperaturen in den Sonden sind wichtig für deren Auslegung und Betriebsoptimierung. Es ist ebenso wichtig für die Auslegung und Optimierung der Anlagen im versorgten Gebäude. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde versucht, durch eine mathematische Weiterentwicklung von Greenschen Funktionen (g-Funktionen) eine präzisere Lösung für Temperaturverteilung im Erdreich infolge des von einer oder mehreren Sonden verursachten Wärmeentzuges mit verschiedenen Randbedingungen im geologischen Untergrund zu erreichen. Hierzu wurden sechs „neue“ g-Funktionen entwickelt, die vertikal variable Wärmeentzüge einzelner Sonden und Sondenfelder, eine Asymmetrie des Wärmeentzuges der Sonde, den Einfluss einer zusätzlichen Grundwasserströmung und den realen, geschichteten Untergrund berücksichtigen. Die mathematischen Modelle des Erdreichs wurden mit Modellen für die Soleströmung und Wärmeübergabe in der Hinterfüllung der Sonde gekoppelt und anschließend auf ein praktisches Betriebsbeispiel angewendet. Die Arbeit enthält ebenfalls umfangreiche Sichtung existierender Modelle sowie deren Anwendung und vergleichende Bewertung der teilweise komplexen Modellansätze.:Formelzeichen und Abkürzungen 1 Einführung 2 Energiequellen und Aufbau der Erdwärmeübertrager 2.1 Quellen der geothermalen Energie 2.2 Aufbau der Erdwärmeübertrager 2.3 Betriebsverhalten von Erdwärmesonden 2.4 Auslegung der Sonden 3 Vorhandene Modelle 3.1 Soleströmung 3.2 Wärmeübergang in den Rohren der Sonde 3.3 Wärmeleitung in der Hinterfüllung 3.4 Erdreichmodellierung – numerisch 3.5 Erdreichmodellierung mit g-Funktionen 4 Weiterentwicklung der analytischen Modelle 5 Anwendungsbeispiele 185 5.1 Ein praktisches Beispiel 5.2 Auswirkung auf die Jahresarbeitszahl 6 Zusammenfassung Literatur A Ableitung der Bohrlochwiderstände B Ableitung der Funktionen für Randbedingungen C Eidesstattliche ErklärungThe design of the ground heat exchangers (GHE) systems demands the precise prediction of their heat output and the brine temperature. The same information is needed for design and optimization of the HVAC systems coupled to GHEs. In the thesis at hand the Green’s functions (g-Functions) have been used to develop the more accurate solutions for the temperature distribution in soil resulting from the heat extraction from one GHE or a field of GHEs. These solutions consist of six novel g-functions that take account of the vertical variation of the extracted heat flux in one GHE or field of GHEs, of the horizontal ground water flow and of the horizontal variation of the soil properties. The models for prediction of the soil temperature have been coupled with models for brine flow and heat transfer in the GHE’s grout and eventually applied to the simulation of the real world object. Additionally, the thesis contains broad review of the known models and their applications as well as the comparative analysis of the complex modelling assumptions.:Formelzeichen und Abkürzungen 1 Einführung 2 Energiequellen und Aufbau der Erdwärmeübertrager 2.1 Quellen der geothermalen Energie 2.2 Aufbau der Erdwärmeübertrager 2.3 Betriebsverhalten von Erdwärmesonden 2.4 Auslegung der Sonden 3 Vorhandene Modelle 3.1 Soleströmung 3.2 Wärmeübergang in den Rohren der Sonde 3.3 Wärmeleitung in der Hinterfüllung 3.4 Erdreichmodellierung – numerisch 3.5 Erdreichmodellierung mit g-Funktionen 4 Weiterentwicklung der analytischen Modelle 5 Anwendungsbeispiele 185 5.1 Ein praktisches Beispiel 5.2 Auswirkung auf die Jahresarbeitszahl 6 Zusammenfassung Literatur A Ableitung der Bohrlochwiderstände B Ableitung der Funktionen für Randbedingungen C Eidesstattliche Erklärun

Front-face fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometrics for quality control of cold-pressed rapeseed oil during storage

The aim of this study was to test the usability of fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate the stability of cold-pressed rapeseed oil during storage. Freshly-pressed rapeseed oil was stored in colorless and green glass bottles exposed to light, and in darkness for a period of 6 months. The quality deterioration of oils was evaluated on the basis of several chemical parameters (peroxide value, acid value, K232 and K270, polar compounds, tocopherols, carotenoids, pheophytins, oxygen concentration) and fluorescence. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of oil excitation-emission matrices revealed the presence of four fluorophores that showed different evolution throughout the storage period. The fluorescence study provided direct information about tocopherol and pheophytin degradation and revealed formation of a new fluorescent product. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on analytical and fluorescence data showed that oxidation was more advanced in samples exposed to light due to the photo-induced processes; only a very minor effect of the bottle color was observed. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) on the PARAFAC scores revealed a quantitative relationship between fluorescence and some of the chemical parameters.Funding Agency Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland NN312428239 Poznan University of Economics and Businessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Minimum query set for decision tree construction

A new two-stage method for the construction of a decision tree is developed. The first stage is based on the definition of a minimum query set, which is the smallest set of attribute-value pairs for which any two objects can be distinguished. To obtain this set, an appropriate linear programming model is proposed. The queries from this set are building blocks of the second stage in which we try to find an optimal decision tree using a genetic algorithm. In a series of experiments, we show that for some databases, our approach should be considered as an alternative method to classical ones (CART, C4.5) and other heuristic approaches in terms of classification quality

The advantages and disadvantages of using a CO2 laser in endoscopic treatment of laryngeal cancer: a literature review

Introduction: The use of a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser combined with a microscope has revolutionized the surgical approach in treating larynx lesions. This method is mainly used in malignant and premalignant lesions in the larynx. The CO2 laser is also commonly used to widen the glottis and in palliative surgery. Aim of study: The purpose of our study was to show advantages and disadvantages of using a CO2 laser in surgery for laryngeal cancer while analyzing available literature. Material and methods: An unsystematic review of Polish and English-language scientific literature was carried out. Electronic databases: SCOPUS, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched using keywords: laser surgery, CO2 laser, laryngeal cancer, larynx. Description of the state of knowledge: CO2 laser microsurgery is characterized by precision and a high safety profile. Low tracheotomy rate, preservation of the closed anatomical area of the neck, makes the operation lightly burdening, shortens the time of hospitalization and recovery. Moreover, it minimizes costs and has a positive impact on the quality of life. The disadvantages of using a CO2 laser mainly relate to transient perioperative and postoperative complications. Disturbances in voice emission clearly have a negative impact on functioning in society. The use of a carbon dioxide laser in the presence of anesthetic gases creates the risk of ignition in the respiratory tract, tissue burns or attachment of the endotracheal tube. Conclusions: The use of a CO2 laser in the treatment of larynx lesions has advantages and disadvantages. The benefits of this technique outweigh the rare complications. Side effects are usually minor and transient but may lead to damage to health. It is worth remembering that only early neoplastic lesions are operated with the CO2 laser, which emphasizes the essence of prevention. Key words: laser surgery; CO2 laser; laryngeal cancer; laryn

The effect of bulb size and application method of asahi sl biostimulator on the growth and yield of Allium moly L.

An experiment aimed at examining the effect of bulb size and the method of application of Asahi SL biostimulator on the growth and yield of Allium moly L. was conducted in the years 2005–2008. Four sizes of bulbs were used in the experiment (3–4, 4–5, 5–6, and 6–7 cm in circumference). Asahi SL was applied in the following combinations: bulb soaking for 45 minutes in the biostimulator solution prior to planting; plant spraying at the green bud stage; soaking combined with plant spraying; and the control treatment without application of the stimulator. Asahi SL was applied at a concentration of 0.2%. After the first frost, the experimental plots were mulched with wheat straw. During the experiment, the decorative value of the plants was evaluated and the following features were determined: inflorescence stem length, inflorescence diameter, and number of flowers per inflorescence. Total yield was evaluated after bulb harvest. The size of Allium moly bulbs planted was found to determine the quality of inflorescence stems and total yield of daughter bulbs expressed in their number and weight. Inflorescence stems of high ornamental value and high total yield of daughter bulbs resulted from planting bulbs of 5–6 and 6–7 cm in circumference. The application of 0.2% solution of Asahi by spraying green buds or the combination of spraying and bulb soaking prior to planting are very beneficial for the quality of inflorescence stems and yield of daughter bulbs. The application of 0.2% solution of Asahi SL by plant spraying leads to an increase in total quantitative yield of bulbs by 10% or 8% in case of the combined use of both application methods. Bulb soaking combined with plant spraying leads to an

Pseudohemangioma of the head - diagnostic difficulties in a pediatric patient with Ewing’s sarcoma of the scalp: case report

Introduction: Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is the second most common malignant bone tumor of childhood and adolescence. Typically, ES affects the long bones, pelvis and the trunk. Primary location in the scalp is rare. Aim of study: The aim of our study is to focus on the case of a pediatric patient with Ewing's sarcoma located in the scalp, which adopted a cavernous angioma mask, and to assess the available knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of the extracostal ES located in the scalp. Material and methods: The research method was a case study. The research material was the patient's medical record, and the technique used was an analysis. An unsystematic review of Polish and English-language scientific literature was conducted. Electronic databases: PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords: sarcoma, Ewing, hemangioma, pseudohemangioma, the head, the scalp. Results: When the girl was 6 months old, a tubercle appeared on her head. It was asymptomatic, but gradually increased. Imaging studies suggested the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. The tumor did not respond to treatment and still was growing. A decision was made to include resection. The upward tumor underwent histopathology with immunohistochemical assessment and genetic testing. The result pointed to extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma. Conclusions: Despite the few cases described in the literature, remember about atypical locations of primary Ewing sarcoma such as scalp. Making the right diagnosis was a challenge for the multi-specialist team of doctors. Histopathological examination supplemented by immunohistochemical assessment and genetic testing gave a definitive diagnosis and enabled proper treatment

Chronic vomiting as a nonspecific symptom of small intestine cancer - case report

Introduction: Small intestine cancer is a rare gastrointestinal cancer (less than 5%) and makes up 0.3% of all malignancies. The most common clinical symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding. Aim of study: The aim of the study is to draw attention to the rare cases of SBA.The second aim of the study is to review the literature on the diagnosis and therapeutic process of patients suffering from small intestine cancer. Methods:The research method was an individual case study. The research material was the patient's medical record.An unsystematic review of Polish and English-language scientific literature was conducted. Electronic databases: PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar were searched using the following keywords: adenocarcinoma, small intestine, small bowel obstruction, chronic vomiting. Findings:A 39-year-old patient was diagnosed with G2 stage of the SBA with metastases to the nearby lymph nodes. Due to nonspecific symptoms the correct diagnosis was made at an advanced stage of the disease, and thus the implementation of appropriate treatment was delayed. Conclusions: A small number of cases of the disease and non-specific symptoms make the diagnosis of small intestinal cancer extremely difficult. The disease usually develops insidiously and at the time of diagnosis the cancer is already at an advanced stage. A significant weight loss within a short period of time along with persistent vomiting should prompt the doctor for thorough diagnostic procedures. Key words: adenocarcinoma, small intestine, small bowel obstruction, chronic vomitin

Ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate as potential markers in diagnosis of ischaemic stroke

Background. Brain imaging in stroke diagnostics is a powerful tool, but one that can fail in more challenging cases, and one that is not particularly useful in identifying transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs). Thus, new reliable blood biomarkers of cerebral ischaemia are constantly sought. Objective. We studied the potential usefulness of sphingolipids (SFs) as biomarkers of acute ischaemic stroke and TIA. Material and methods. Levels of individual ceramide species and sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) in blood serum of patients with acute ischaemic stroke, TIA, and age-matched neurological patients without cerebral ischaemia, were assessed by tandem mass spectrometry liquid chromatography (LC- MS / MS). Results. We found significant increases of several sphingolipid levels, with particularly strong elevations of Cer-C20:0 in patients with acute stroke. Cer-C24:1 was the only ceramide species to decrease as a result of acute stroke. Moreover, its levels inversely correlated with the number of days after stroke onset, suggesting that Cer-C24:1 is an independent parameter related to the course of stroke. To increase the sensitivity of sphingolipid-based tests in stroke diagnostics, we calculated the values of ratios of Sph-1-P / individual ceramide species and Cer-C24:1 individual ceramide species. We found several ratios significantly changed in stroke patients. Two ratios, Sph-1-P / Cer-C24:1 and Cer-C24:0 / Cer-C24:1, presented especially strong increments in patients with acute stroke. Moreover, Sph-1-P / Cer-C24:1 values were augmented in TIA patients. Conclusion. Serum SFs could be good candidates to be ischaemic stroke biomarkers. We have identified two SF ratios, Sph-1-P / Cer-C24:1 and Cer-C24:0 / Cer-C24:1, with strong diagnostic potential in ischaemic stroke. We found Sph-1-P / Cer-C24:1 ratio to be possibly useful in TIA diagnostics, also in the long term after ischaemic incidence