ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ АЛІМЕНТАРНОГО ОЖИРІННЯ І ФАКТОРИ, ЩО СПРИЯЮТЬ ЙОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article analyzes the prevalence of alimentary obesity in Ukraine and abroad, as well as factors that contribute to the occurrence of the disease.У статті проаналізовано поширеність аліментарного ожиріння в Україні та за її межами, а також фактори, що сприяють виникненню даного захворювання

ОСНОВНІ ПРИЧИНИ НАДЛИШКОВОЇ МАСИ ТІЛА СЕРЕД НАСЕЛЕННЯ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

In the article was found that among overweight’s risk factors dominate such as poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption, capture media on a background of low physical activity. However, in females the greatest impact on the development of preobesity are alcohol in a group of students, alcohol and capture media – in the group of teachers and almost equally all the studied factors – in the group of students. In males the greatest impact on the development of preobesity include alcohol and capture media in the group of students , alcohol consumption, smoking and capture media – in the groups of students and teachers.У статті встановлено, що серед факторів ризику надлишкової маси тіла домінують нераціональне харчування, тютюнопаління, вживання алкоголю, захоплення медіа на фоні низької фізичної активності. При цьому, в осіб жіночої статі найбільший вплив на розвиток передожиріння мають вживання алкоголю у групі учнів, вживання алкоголю та захоплення медіа – у групі вчителів та практично в однаковій мірі всі досліджувані чинники  - у групі студентів. В осіб чоловічої статі найбільший вплив на розвиток передожиріння мають вживання алкоголю та захоплення медіа у групі учнів, вживання алкоголю, тютюнопаління та захоплення медіа – у групі студентів  і вчителів

The myogymnastics complex as an element of rehabilitation in the process of adaptation to orthopedic appliances in patients after stroke

Introduction. Stroke has become the second leading cause of long-term disability and cognitive impairment. The disease can cause debilitating neurological disorders that lead to motor, sensory and cognitive deficits and impaired psychosocial functioning. Many researchers have established an association between dental status, infections, and systemic diseases such as acute cerebrovascular disorder.The aim of the research was to determine the impact of dental health on the quality of life in patients with cerebral circulatory disorders complicated with neurological deficits by hemitype before and 30 days after orthopedic treatment by questionnaire survey.Materials and methods. The study involved 25 people with the course of ACVD complicated with neurological deficiency by hemitype, aged from 40 to 65 years, who underwent prosthetics with partial removable laminar dentures with acrylic base and retaining bent, metal clasps according to clinical indications. The first group, where the process of adaptation to the orthopedic appliance was normal, consisted of 13 people, including 7 women and 6 men. In the second group, the adaptation process took place using the proposed rehabilitation complex, and it comprised 12 patients, including 7 women and 5 men.The changes that occurred 30 days after applying a partial removable laminar denture were as follows:The value of the indicator of restricted masticatory function in subjects of the first study group was worse by 1.375 points as compared to the second group. The value of the indicator of physical pain in the process of adaptation to the orthopedic appliance was noteworthy, since it decreased significantly in the second group and amounted to 14.404 points, which was by 1.335 points higher than in patients of the first group.The level of psychological discomfort in patients of the first group was 32.412 points, which was 1.183 points different from that of patients in the second group, in favor of the latter. At the same time, a comparison of the level of psychological inferiority showed that this indicator was higher in the first group than in the second study group by 0.988 points, i.e., the dynamics of changes in this indicator was better in the second one.Comparison of the level of social inferiority showed that in the first study group it was higher by 2.106 points than in the third group. Comparison of the level of disability showed a difference of this indicator by 1.226 points in favor of patients of the second groupThe above data suggest a general trend of improving the basic health indicators of patients in the process of orthopedic rehabilitation. At the same time, there was a clear difference between the results of the questionnaire survey between patients of the first and second groups, and these indicators were better in the latter.Conclusions. The effectiveness of the proposed rehabilitation complex for patients with cerebral circulatory disorders complicated with neurological deficiency by hemitype after prosthetics with partial removable laminar appliances was confirmed by a decrease in numerical data from the questionnaire survey by 15%, indicating an improvement in quality of life in this category of patients

Multifractals of Normalized First Passage Time in Sierpinski Gasket

The multifractal behavior of the normalized first passage time is investigated on the two dimensional Sierpinski gasket with both absorbing and reflecting barriers. The normalized first passage time for Sinai model and the logistic model to arrive at the absorbing barrier after starting from an arbitrary site, especially obtained by the calculation via the Monte Carlo simulation, is discussed numerically. The generalized dimension and the spectrum are also estimated from the distribution of the normalized first passage time, and compared with the results on the finitely square lattice.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, with 3 figures and 1 table. to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol.67(1998

AUG_hairpin: prediction of a downstream secondary structure influencing the recognition of a translation start site

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The translation start site plays an important role in the control of translation efficiency of eukaryotic mRNAs. The recognition of the start AUG codon by eukaryotic ribosomes is considered to depend on its nucleotide context. However, the fraction of eukaryotic mRNAs with the start codon in a suboptimal context is relatively large. It may be expected that mRNA should possess some features providing efficient translation, including the proper recognition of a translation start site. It has been experimentally shown that a downstream hairpin located in certain positions with respect to start codon can compensate in part for the suboptimal AUG context and also increases translation from non-AUG initiation codons. Prediction of such a compensatory hairpin may be useful in the evaluation of eukaryotic mRNA translation properties.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We evaluated interdependency between the start codon context and mRNA secondary structure at the CDS beginning: it was found that a suboptimal start codon context significantly correlated with higher base pairing probabilities at positions 13 – 17 of CDS of human and mouse mRNAs. It is likely that the downstream hairpins are used to enhance translation of some mammalian mRNAs <it>in vivo</it>. Thus, we have developed a tool, <it>AUG_hairpin</it>, to predict local stem-loop structures located within the defined region at the beginning of mRNA coding part. The implemented algorithm is based on the available published experimental data on the CDS-located stem-loop structures influencing the recognition of upstream start codons.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>An occurrence of a potential secondary structure downstream of start AUG codon in a suboptimal context (or downstream of a potential non-AUG start codon) may provide researchers with a testable assumption on the presence of additional regulatory signal influencing mRNA translation initiation rate and the start codon choice. <it>AUG_hairpin</it>, which has a convenient Web-interface with adjustable parameters, will make such an evaluation easy and efficient.</p

Synthesis of two SAPAP3 isoforms from a single mRNA is mediated via alternative translational initiation

In mammalian neurons, targeting and translation of specific mRNAs in dendrites contribute to synaptic plasticity. After nuclear export, mRNAs designated for dendritic transport are generally assumed to be translationally dormant and activity of individual synapses may locally trigger their extrasomatic translation. We show that the long, GC-rich 5′-untranslated region of dendritic SAPAP3 mRNA restricts translation initiation via a mechanism that involves an upstream open reading frame (uORF). In addition, the uORF enables the use of an alternative translation start site, permitting synthesis of two SAPAP3 isoforms from a single mRNA. While both isoforms progressively accumulate at postsynaptic densities during early rat brain development, their levels relative to each other vary in different adult rat brain areas. Thus, alternative translation initiation events appear to regulate relative expression of distinct SAPAP3 isoforms in different brain regions, which may function to influence synaptic plasticity

Development of a novel classification system for anatomical variants of the puboprostatic ligaments with expert validation

Introduction: We propose a novel classification system with a validation study to help clinicians identify and typify commonly seen variants of the puboprostatic ligaments (PPL). Methods: A preliminary dissection of 6 male cadavers and a prospective dataset of over 300 robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (RARP) recorded on video were used to identify 4 distinct ligament types. Then the prospectively collected database of surgical videos was used to isolate images of the PPL from RARP. Over 300 surgical videos were reviewed and classified with 1 to 5 pictures saved for reference of the type of PPL. To validate the new classification system, we selected 5 independent, blinded expert robotic surgeons to classify 100 ligaments based on morphology into a 4-type system: parallel, V-shaped, inverted V-shape, and fused. One week later, a subset of 25 photographs was sent to the same experts and classified. Statistical analyses were performed to determine both the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the proposed system. Results: Inverted V-shaped ligaments were noted most frequently (29.97%), parallel and V-shaped ligaments were found at 19.19% and 11.11%, respectively and fused ligaments were noted less frequently (6.06%). There was good intra-rater agreement (ê = 0.66) and inter-rater agreement (ê = 0.67) for the classification system. Conclusions: This classification system provided standardized descriptions of ligament variations that could be adopted universally to help clinicians categorize the variants. The system, validated by several blinded expert surgeons, demonstrated that surgeons were able to learn and correctly classify the variants. The system may be useful in helping to predict peri- and postoperative outcomes; however, this will require further study

Investigation of sandwich material surface created by abrasive water jet (AWJ) via vibration emission

The paper presents research a of abrasive waterjet cutting of heterogeneous “sandwich“ material with different Young modulus of elasticity of the cutted surface geometry by means of vibration emission. In order to confirm hypothetical assumptions about direct relation between vibration emission and surface quality an experiment in heterogeneous material consisting of stainless steel (DIN 1.4006 / AISI 410) and alloy AlCuMg2 has been provided

Development and characterization of promoterless helper RNAs for the production of alphavirus replicon particle

Alphavirus-based replicon systems are frequently used as preclinical vectors and as antigen discovery tools, and they have recently been assessed in clinical vaccine trials. Typically, alphavirus replicon RNAs are delivered within virus-like replicon particles (VRP) that are produced following transfection of replicon RNA and two helper RNAs into permissive cells in vitro. The non-structural proteins expressed from the replicon RNA amplify the replicon RNA in cis and the helper RNAs in trans, the latter providing the viral structural proteins necessary to package the replicon RNA into VRP. Current helper RNA designs incorporate the alphavirus 26S promoter to direct the transcription of high levels of structural gene mRNAs. We demonstrate here that the 26S promoter is not required on helper RNAs to produce VRP and propose that such promoterless helper RNAs, by design, reduce the probability of generating replication-competent virus that may otherwise result from RNA recombination