Respostas de frangos de corte a aumentos graduais na relação entre treonina e lisina Broiler responses to graded increases in the threonine to lysine ratio

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de relações crescentes entre treonina (Thr) e lisina (Lys) digestível em dietas de frangos de corte nas repostas produtivas dos 15 aos 37 dias de idade. Os aumentos dos níveis de treonina das dietas foram obtidos a partir de inclusões crescentes de farelo de soja (FS) ou L-treonina (L-Thr). Foram alojados 1.200 frangos de corte machos Ross x Ross 308 em arranjo fatorial com três relações entre Thr e Lys (63,5, 66,0 e 68,5%) e as duas fontes de Thr supracitadas. Cada um dos seis tratamentos foi constituído por oito repetições de 25 aves. As dietas foram formuladas para garantir o nível mínimo de exigência para os demais nutrientes e energia. Não houve efeito do nível de treonina sobre respostas de desempenho zootécnico, consumo de água, matéria seca da cama, lesões de pododermatite e rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Também não foi observado efeito da fonte de Thr sobre peso corporal, consumo de dieta, matéria seca da cama, lesões de pododermatite, rendimentos de carcaça, filé de peito, coxas e sobrecoxas. Entretanto, a conversão alimentar foi melhor (P=0,009) e o consumo de água maior (P=0,011) quando o aumento em Thr foi originado do FS, enquanto o rendimento de peito foi superior (P=0,035) para as dietas suplementadas com L-Thr. Foi possível identificar uma resposta diferenciada entre fonte e nível de Thr para ganho de peso e CA, demonstrando que, quando a relação entre Thr e Lys foi de 68,5%, existiu uma evidente melhora para as aves recebendo este nível de Thr a partir do FS. As quantidades de aminoácidos (AA) essenciais a partir do quarto AA limitante foram superiores para as dietas com níveis crescentes de FS. Supõe-se que as diferenças obtidas entre as respostas das aves recebendo dietas com o aumento em Thr a partir de L-Thr ou FS tenham sido devidas a desiguais quantidades ou balanceamento de AA essenciais consumidos a partir do quarto AA limitante. A relação entre Thr e Lys digestível de 63,5% é considerada suficiente para maximizar o desempenho de frangos de corte, enquanto que aumentos nos níveis de Thr a partir da inclusão de FS influenciam os resultados provavelmente porque disponibilizam maior quantidade de AA a partir do quarto AA limitante.<br>An experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of graded increases in the ratios between digestible threonine (Thr) and lysine (Lys) in the diet on broilers from 15 to 37 days old. The increases on Thr levels were obtained with higher amounts of soybean meal (SBM) or L-threonine (L-Thr) in the diets. One thousand and two hundred Ross x Ross 308 male chicks were placed in a factorial arrangement with the three ratios between Thr and Lys (63.5, 66.0 and 68.5%) and the two sources of Thr previously cited. Each of the six treatments had eight replicates of twenty five birds. The diets were formulated to attain minimum requirement levels of other nutrients and energy. There were no effects of the Thr level on live performance responses, water intake, litter dry matter, foot pad dermatitis, carcass and processing yields. In addition, there were no effects of the source of Thr on body weight, feed intake, litter dry matter, foot pad dermatitis, carcass, breast tenders, thighs and drumsticks yields. However, feed conversion was better (P=0.009) and water intake was higher (P=0.011) when the increase on Thr was originated by SBM, whereas breast meat yield was higher (P=0.035) with diets supplemented with L-Thr. An interaction between level and source of Thr was identified for weight gain and feed conversion demonstrating improvement when birds were fed 68.5% Thr to Lys ratio originated from SBM. Amounts of essential amino acid (AA) quantities after the third limiting AA were greater in the diets with increased SBM. Supposely, differences obtained in broiler responses when fed diets with Thr increased from SBM or L-Thr were related to different amounts or balances in the intake of essential AA. A Thr to Lys ratio of 63.5% was considered sufficient to maximize broiler performance, whereas increases in Thr obtained exclusively from SBM influence the results probably because of higher amounts of AA supplied after the fourth limiting one

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9\ub72 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4\u20137) and 7 (6\u20138) days respectively (P &lt; 0\ub7001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6\ub76 versus 8\ub70 per cent; P = 0\ub7499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0\ub790, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub755 to 1\ub746; P = 0\ub7659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34\ub77 versus 39\ub75 per cent; major 3\ub73 versus 3\ub74 per cent; P = 0\ub7110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients