The Traditional and the Non-Traditional in the Religious Life of the Russian Federation

This article discusses a new concept of ‘traditional religions’ and other notions related to ‘tradition.’ How is public opinion being shaped, and how is decision-making and state policy towards the Russian Orthodox Church and Islam being influenced by these concepts? Since 1991, religions (in particular, the Russian Orthodox Church and Islam) have enjoyed a revival; and the Russian administration, under Yeltsin and especially under Putin, has taken a number of steps to incorporate religious establishments into the political framework of the state. We will examine these changes through the example of laws on religious liberty, and by analysing public discourse. On the one hand, the religious revival includes a number of so-called “non-traditional” religions that clearly fall under this policy. In the case of Islam, this is especially important with respect to changing Russian policies towards so-called “Wahhabism” and “religious extremism”. On the other hand, official discourse centered around “traditionality” is borrowed by the representatives of different denominations to a degree determined by public status. This phenomenon is worth studying as an incorporation of an official category into religious discourse

Angraecum bory (Orchidaceae Juss.). морфологічна характеристика

This paper follows the set of works concerning the study of morphological features of Orchidaceae on the basis of the collection of tropical and subtropical plants, which was formed during 25 years at the M.M. Grishko National Botanical Gardens of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.Стаття є продовженням циклу робіт, присвячених вивченню морфологічних особливостей Orchidaceae на основі зібраної протягом 25 років в Національному ботанічному саду ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України колекції тропічних і субтропічних орхідей

Molecular biology of viroid–host interactions and disease control strategies

AbstractViroids are single-stranded, covalently closed, circular, highly structured noncoding RNAs that cause disease in several economically important crop plants. They replicate autonomously and move systemically in host plants with the aid of the host machinery. In addition to symptomatic infections, viroids also cause latent infections where there is no visual evidence of infection in the host; however, transfer to a susceptible host can result in devastating disease. While there are non-hosts for viroids, no naturally occurring durable resistance has been observed in most host species. Current effective control methods for viroid diseases include detection and eradication, and cultural controls. In addition, heat or cold therapy combined with meristem tip culture has been shown to be effective for elimination of viroids for some viroid–host combinations. An understanding of viroid–host interactions, host susceptibility, and non-host resistance could provide guidance for the design of viroid-resistant plants. Efforts to engineer viroid resistance into host species have been underway for several years, and include the use of antisense RNA, antisense RNA plus ribozymes, a dsRNase, and siRNAs, among others. The results of those efforts and the challenges associated with creating viroid resistant plants are summarized in this review

Початкові етапи розвитку Acacallis cyanea Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) в умовах культури

The early development stages of seedling of Acacallis cyanea Lindl. – the endemic species of monotypical genus, distributed in the tropical South America, were studied. The seeds begin greening 2–2.5 months after seeding on the Knudson medium. The embryos of the germinating seeds have ovate-elongate a shape. By approximately 3–3.5 months the protocorm stage was reached. At that time the apical meristem with a single leaf primordium is available in the upper part of disk-shape protocorm. The first additional root was formed in 6–6.5 months; the first lateral bud was set in the axil of the fourth leaf at the age of approximately 8–9 months.Вивчались початкові етапи розвитку сіянців Acacallis cyanea Lindl. – представника ендемічного монотипного роду, поширеного у тропіках Північної Америки. Визначено, що насіння починає проростати за 2–2,5 міс після висіву на середовищі Кнудсона. Зародки насіння мають подовжено-яйцевидну форму. У 3–3,5-місячному віці утворюються протокорми. У цей час верхня частина дисковидного протокорму має апікальну меристему і перший листковий примордій. Перший додатковий корінь формується за 6–6,5 місю, перша пазушна брунька закладається у пазусі четвертого листка у віці 8–9 міс

Інтродукція і збереження ex situ біорізноманіття тропічних і субтропічних рослин

The aim of the paper is to summarize information concerning the introduction of tropical and subtropical plants under greenhouse cultivation in the N.N. Grishko National Botanical Gardens of the NAS of Ukraine. The data about the taxonomic and numerical composition of the collection of tropical and subtropical plants are given. The problem of ex situ biodiversity conservation is considered in the context of tropical and subtropical plants introduction.Обговорюються теоретичні і практичні аспекти інтродукції тропічних і субтропічних рослин, узагальнюються наслідки інтродукції видів світової флори в умови оранжерей Національного ботанічного саду ім. М.М. Гришка НАН України. Наведено відомості щодо кількісного та систематичного складу колекції тропічних і субтропічних рослин, зібраної в НБС НАН України. Проблему охорони біорізноманіття тропічної флори ex situ розглянуто у контексті інтродукції рослин

Захист Буюн Л.І. докторської дисертації на тему “Тропічні орхідні (Orchidaceae Juss.): репродуктивна біологія та структурно-функціональні адаптації за умов збереження ex situ”

Protection of Buyun L.I. the thesis for a doctor's degree «Tropical orchids (Orchidaceae Juss.): reproductive biology, structural and functional adaptations, ex situ conservation

Functional human endogenous retroviral LTR transcription start sites are located between the R and U5 regions

AbstractHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) occupy about 5% of human DNA and are thought to be remnants of ancient retroviral infections of human ancestors' germ cells. HERVs can modify expression of host cell genes through their cis-regulatory elements concentrated in their long terminal repeats (LTRs). Although numerous HERV-related RNAs were identified in the human transcriptome, for most of them, it remains unclear whether they are LTR-promoted or read-through products initiated from neighboring genomic promoters. Here, we describe mapping of transcriptional start sites within solitary and proviral LTRs of the HERV-K (HML-2) human-specific subfamily of endogenous retroviruses. Surprisingly, the transcription was initiated predominantly from the very 3′ termini of the LTR R regions. The data presented here may shed light on adaptive coevolution of human endogenous retroviruses with their host cells

Development of technological complex for production of compounded infusion admixtures in hospital pharmacies

The modern model of infusion pharmacotherapy in hospitals involves a process-based approach, the most important "input" of which is the manufacturing of infusion admixtures and the control of infusions preparation. In Russian hospitals, production of drug admixtures is carried out by nursing staff in inappropriate conditions and with equipment unappropriated for this type of activity. In accordance with the normative documentation, manufacturing of infusion admixtures should be reserved for hospital pharmacies. Only in pharmacies it is possible to organize a manufacture complex of infusion admixtures of adequate quality under aseptic conditions. For the extemporaneous manufacturing of infusion admixtures in hospital pharmacies of the Russian Federation we have developed technological complex, which included: development of information database "Interaction of injectable drugs"; development of technological schemes of manufacturing of infusion mixtures; selection of necessary equipment; development of a system of quality control of infusion admixtures. The information database is a search engine that allows to estimate the composition of the recipe on the compatibility of components. The typical scheme of production areas of hospital pharmacy allows you to place required for aseptic manufacturing equipment with minimal costs. Step by step instruction on mixing the components of the recipe eliminates contamination in product. The system of quality control confirms the high quality of infusion admixtures. Overall, this technological complex ensures quality, efficiency and safety provided to patients of the hospital infusion therapy

Interaction of Drugs Used for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Combined therapy in cardiology is currently the most recognized method of treatment, especially in patients with hypertension. Approximately in 50 % of patients with hypertension, monotherapy is effective. However to achieve the desired effect in the remaining half of patients, simultaneous administration of two and sometimes three drugs is required. Numerous drugs with a fixed combination of two (and even three) antihypertensive drugs, often used in clinical practice, greatly simplify the dosage regimen of drugs and improve patients’ adherence to treatment. Unfortunately, simultaneous prescription of several drugs increases sharply the probability of inter-drug interaction with the increase in the number of prescribed drugs. The result of drug-drug intereaction may be unpredictable. Therefore, the ability to predict the possible adverse reactions in patients with cardiovascular diseases and to prescribe rationally combined pharmacotherapy is a guarantee of highly efficient and safe treatment.Currently, rational combinations of antihypertensive drugs of different groups make hypertension therapy more comfortable and increases patients’ adherence to treatment. The authors present topical combinations of antihypertensive drugs in one drug: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor + diuretic, β-adrenoblocker + diuretic; diuretic + angiotensin receptor antagonist; calcium antagonist + angiotensin receptor antagonist; calcium antagonist + β-adrenoblocker, and others.The article presents an overview of both rational (calcium antagonist + diuretic, β-adrenoblocker + diuretic,) and irrational (angiotensin converting enzyme Inhibitor + potassium-sparing diuretic, angiotensin receptor blocker + potassium-sparing diuretic) combinations of antihypertensive drugs. Combinations of some hypotensive and antianginal drugs with drugs of other groups with a high risk of adverse reactions are presented