On Landau -- Kolmogorov type inequalities for charges and their applications

In this article we prove sharp Landau--Kolmogorov type inequalities on a class of charges defined on Lebesgue measurable subsets of a cone in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq 1$, that are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. In addition we solve the Stechkin problem of approximation of the Radon--Nikodym derivative of such charges by bounded operators and two related problems. As an application, we also solve these extremal problems on classes of essentially bounded functions $f$ such that their distributional partial derivative $\frac{\partial ^d f}{\partial x_1\ldots\partial x_d}$ belongs to the Sobolev space $W^{1,\infty}$

LEGAL REGULATION OF THE FINANCIAL SUPPLY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UKRAINE

The aim of the article is to study the history and modernity, the doctrine and practice of legal regulation of financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the legal regulation of the financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Methodology. Scientific research is based on the use of philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method allowed considering the legal regulation of the financial support of the functioning of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in development and interaction with other social and legal phenomena. The historical method is aimed at reconstructing the genesis of legal regulation of the financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine at various stages of its formation. The formal legal method enabled to characterize the specificities of the legal regulation of financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine by legal constructions and legal terminology. Comparative legal method contributed to the study of the specifics of the legal regulation of financial guarantees of the independence of constitutional justice bodies in certain countries of the world. The results of the study revealed that the characteristic feature of socio-political transformations in modern Ukrainian society is ongoing reformation of constitutional justice, one task of which is to strengthen the financial independence of the CCU as potentially the most effective institution for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, establishment of legal, constitutional Ukraine. Practical implications. In the study, firstly, the views of experts on the legal regulation and practice of financing the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a body of constitutional jurisdiction were considered; secondly, the specificities of legal regulation of financing of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine before the reform of constitutional justice in 2016–2017 were studied; thirdly, the current state and prospects of improving the financial support of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine were analysed. Relevance/originality. On the basis of a comprehensive study of the constitutional doctrine, domestic and foreign legislation and practice of its implementation, directions of strengthening the financial independence of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine are proposed

TOPICAL ISSUES OF FINANCING ELECTRONIC LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IN UKRAINE

The aim of the article is to interrogate and reveal the current issues of financing electronic legal proceedings in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the financing of electronic legal proceedings in Ukraine. Methodology. The study is based on general scientific and special-scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The historical and legal method enabled to examine the current state of affairs in introducing the system of e-justice, to reveal the concept of e-Court. The comparative legal method enabled to compare the doctrinal approaches to the functioning of the ordinary system of courts and the system of e-justice. The system-structural method contributed to the consideration and identification of the most negative consequences of the delayed implementation of the e-justice system in Ukraine. The methods of grouping and classification were the basis for the author’s approach to the identification of possible sources of funding for the e-justice system. The technical legal method enabled to interrogate the state of affairs in electronic legal proceedings in Ukraine and highlight the problematic issues of the practical implementation of this institute, as well as emphasize the need to increase funding for the e-justice system in Ukraine. The results of the study enabled to distinguish problematic issues and ways of their solution in relation to the financing of the e-justice system in Ukraine. Practical implications. In the study, first, the key aspects of introducing the e-justice system in Ukraine are outlined; second, the problems of the practical implementation of the system of e-Courts in Ukraine are highlighted; third, the author’s perspective for possible ways of functioning of the e-Court system in Ukraine is substantiated. Relevance/originality. The original author’s approach to the current state of affairs in electronic legal proceedings in Ukraine and the practical problems of implementing this institute is the basis for developing the most promising areas for the improvement of domestic legislation in this sphere

Photosynthetic response of some Triticum cultivars to the combined influence of nanofertilizers and water deficit

The effects of water deficit modelling by polyethylene glycol (PEG), metal nanoparticles (NPs) and their combined action on water status, chlorophyll fluorescence and pigments composition in the leaves of three drought tolerant wheat genotypes – Triticum aestivum L. (Trypilska and Favorytka cultivars) and Triticum dicoccum Schrank. (cv. Holikovska), have been studied. Water deficit, induced by PEG, as well as the treatment with metal NPs (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) and their combined action, showed no effects on the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) in dark-adapted leaves of studied plants. However, water deficit decreased the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers (Fv ′/ Fm′) in light-adapted leaves of the Favorytka cultivar. The increase of chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenching (qP) and actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport (φPSII) levels, the decrease in non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) were observed in Favorytka and Holikovska cultivars under the combined action of water stress and NPs treatment. According to photosynthetic pigments composition, the NPs treatment of wheat plants, grown on medium with PEG, did not bear an additional pressure on the seedlings. However, the NPs treatment did not decrease the negative effect of the simulated water deficit of the cv. Favorytka seedlings

Mechanism of protection of business entities from unfair competition

The purpose of the article is to clarify the mechanisms of protection of economic entities from unfair competition in Ukraine. The subject of the study is measures to combat unfair competition. The research methodology includes the following methods of scientific knowledge: dialectical, logical, formal and logical, system and structural, method of analysis, legal forecasting method. Research results. The definition of unfair competition and its features provided in the works of domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed. The concepts of "economic competition" and "unfair competition" are considered, the manifestations of the latter are studied. Practical implementation. The mechanisms of protection of the rights of entrepreneurs are considered in detail with reference to the legal instruments, which regulate the order of their realization. Value / originality. The author’s definition of the concept of "economic competition" is formulated

Sociolinguistic dimensions of dialect space of Ukraine and Poland

The aim of the research is to analyse the use of lexical, grammatical and morphological dialectisms-Polonisms in speech by the inhabitants of Nadsanie in various spheres of life (family, household, business, and education). The research involved the following general scientific and sociolinguistic methods: diagnostic (questionnaire), discursive, and intentional methods; the statistical method—mathematical processing of data obtained during the experiment; and the descriptive method—description and recording of the results. The following results were found through the application of the said methods for the analysis of respondents’ answers. Hence, the use of lexical, grammatical and morphological dialects tends to gradually decrease in older and middle age groups, the actual disappearance among young people. Given the socio-historical situation of modern Ukraine, sociolinguistic study of dialectisms-Polonisms showed how the independence of their own state contributes to the development of their own ethnographic dialectisms, as well as the gradual decline and disappearance of other languages. Further research involves the study of dialectisms-Polonisms in other territories of Western Ukraine and the areas which are close to the Polish border. The studies of other groups of dialectisms-Polonisms (in particular, phonetic and syntactic) and the elements of dialectisms-Ukrainianisms in the Polish language are also promising

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL SUBSTATIATION OF PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

Hydrogen production from biomass may become one of the leading areas of bioenergy in Ukraine soon.Currently, the main direction of biomass energy production in Ukraine is the production of thermal energy for distributed heat supply of enterprises and private households by burning biomass of wood and agricultural origin. Nowadays in Ukraine, there is a technology for the production of biohydrogen. We calculated the environmental and economic effects of hydrogen production as a source of energy. We have come up with the following conclusion that if there is a demand for the final product, hydrogen production will be attractive from economic standpoint and will not require a green tariff or other support from the government.The market price of biohydrogen will be $ 4-5 per kg and will be comparable to that which the European Union aims to achieve.We assume that hydrogen may be a cleaner source of energy for end users, especially in the transport sector in the future.One of the main issues of Ukraine's possible participation in Europe's hydrogen energy program as a supplier and producer of renewable hydrogen is the possibility of its technically safe and cost-effective transportation to EU countries.As the main hypothesis considered transportation of hydrogen using the gas transmission system of Ukraine as part of a mixture with natural gas. Calculations show that, of course, obtaining energy from hydrogen, even in mass production, will be more expensive than alternative traditional and non-traditional methods. The development of this technology, in any case, is promising in terms of the development of energy independence and environmental development of states. The effect of scale in mass production of hydrogen energy should also work, which will significantly reduce the cost of this technology. 

Improved Reproducibility of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots Solar Cells Using Atomic Layer–Deposited TiO2

Thanks to their broadly tunable bandgap and strong absorption, colloidal lead chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) are highly appealing as solution‐processable active layers for third‐generation solar cells. However, the modest reproducibility of this kind of solar cell is a pertinent issue, which inhibits the exploitation of this material class in optoelectronics. This issue is not necessarily imputable to the active layer but may originate from different constituents of the device structure. Herein, the deposition of TiO2 electron transport layer is focused on. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) greatly improves the reproducibility of PbS QD solar cells compared with the previously optimized sol–gel (SG) approach. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells using atomic layer–deposited TiO2 lies in the range between 5.5% and 7.2%, whereas solar cells with SG TiO2 have PCE ranging from 0.5% to 6.9% with a large portion of short‐circuited devices. Investigations of TiO2 layers by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal that these films have very different surface morphologies. Whereas the TiO2 films prepared by SG synthesis and deposited by spin coating are very smooth, TiO2 films made by ALD repeat the surface texture of the fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate underneath