Nutritional status and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents children or grandchildren of young coronary disease

Background: Family history of early cardiovascular disease is a major cardiovascular risk factor in childhood and adolescence. Children and adolescents with positive family history that also often have other cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in children or young grandchildren of coronary artery disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 100 children and adolescents 5-17 years, children or grandchildren of young coronary patients. The variables studied were gender, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, nutritional status, blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, dietary habits, physical activity, results of laboratory tests (glucose, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides). To examine the associations between the variables we used the Fisher exact test, with significance level of 5%. Results: The nutritional status, it was observed that 60% were normal and 40% were overweight. In the evaluation of laboratory tests, 29% had total cholesterol, LDL increased 8%, 45% low HDL and triglycerides increased 13%. In the group with overweight, the percentages were higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.005) and increased waist circumference (p <0.001), 22.5% had abnormal blood pressure and altered glucose 5%. Physical inactivity was present in 40% and 87% of them had excessive intake of atherogenic fat. Besides a family history of coronary disease, 30% of the population had more than two cardiovascular risk factors and 41% more than three. Conclusion: The association of cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents, children or grandchildren of young coronary patients, this study confirms the influence of family history and his contribution to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Fundamento: A história familiar de doença cardiovascular precoce é um dos principais fatores de risco cardiovascular na infância e adolescência. Crianças e adolescentes com esse histórico familiar positivo costumam apresentar também outros fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a sua relação com fatores de risco cardiovascular em filhos ou netos de coronariopatas jovens. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 100 crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 17 anos, filhos ou netos de coronariopatas jovens. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, idade, peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal, estado nutricional, pressão arterial, presença de síndrome metabólica, hábitos alimentares, prática de atividade física, resultados de exames laboratoriais (glicemia, colesterol total e frações, triglicérides). Para analisar as associações entre as variáveis estudadas foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Quanto ao estado nutricional, observou-se que 60% deles eram eutróficos e 40% apresentavam excesso de peso. Na avaliação dos exames laboratoriais, 29% tinham colesterol total aumentado, 8% LDL aumentado, 45% HDL baixo e 13% triglicérides aumentados. No grupo com excesso de peso, foram mais elevados os percentuais de triglicérides aumentados (p = 0,005) e de circunferência abdominal aumentada (p < 0,001); 22,5% apresentavam pressão arterial alterada e 5% glicemia alterada. O sedentarismo esteve presente em 40% deles e 87% apresentavam ingestão excessiva de gorduras aterogênicas. Além da história familiar positiva para doença coronariana, 30% da população estudada apresentava mais de dois fatores de risco cardiovascular e 41% mais de três. Conclusão: A associação de fatores de risco cardiovascular entre as crianças e os adolescentes, filhos ou netos de coronariopatas jovens, deste estudo, confirmam a influência da história familiar e a sua contribuição no risco para o desenvolvimento das doenças cardiovasculares.TEDEBV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

&lsquo;Pera&rsquo; Orange and &lsquo;Moro&rsquo; Blood Orange Juice Improves Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response Biomarkers and Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Individuals with Insulin Resistance and Different Obesity Classes

Orange juice contains flavanones, which are associated with reducing the risk of obesity-associated diseases. We evaluated the effects of two varieties of orange juices on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota of individuals with insulin resistance and different obesity classes. In a randomized crossover study, obese patients consumed &lsquo;Pera&rsquo; (POJ&mdash;source of flavanones) and &lsquo;Moro&rsquo; (MOJ&mdash;source of flavanones and anthocyanins) orange juices for 15 days. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention. Daily orange juice intake significantly reduced HDL and total cholesterol, in addition to urinary 8-OHdG and plasmatic MCP-1 levels. Multivariate analyses highlighted the beneficial effects of orange juice intake, mainly the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Patients in different obesity classes presented a gut microbiota with obesity-associated alterations (dysbiosis), and the consumption of Pera and Moro orange juices improved this profile by modulating their gut microbiota in different ways. Although the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio changed after both interventions, MOJ provided more accentuated changes than POJ. Blautia, Bifidobacterium, and other genera had their relative abundance altered by juice consumption, which correlated with patient parameters (such as HDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure) and biomarkers (such as TNF-&alpha; and 8-OHdG). In conclusion, regular orange juice intake can be associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory response, in addition to modulating gut microbiota