Multifrekvenciás elektron spin rezonancia erősen korrelált fémekben és szupravezetőkben = Multifrequency electron spin resonance in strongly correlated metals and superconductors

A projekt célja olyan szilárd testek elektron spin rezonancia vizsgálata, amelyekben az elektron-elektron korrelációk alapvetően fontosak. A vizsgált kuprát, szerves és fullerén vegyületek fémek, szupravezetők vagy a szupravezetéshez közel álló mágnesesen rendezett anyagok, amelyekben az elektron korrelációnak lényeges szerepe van. Megmértük és egy elméletet dolgoztunk ki a MgB2 szervetlen szupravezető vezetési elektron spin élettartamára, ami alapvető fizikai mennyiség. Befejeztük egy, a magas hőmérsékletű szupravezetéshez közel álló kuprát rendszer mágneses fázis diagramjának meghatározását. Az ET2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl réteges szerves gyenge ferromágnes rezonancia módusainak feltérképezésével egy régóta megfejthetetlen problémát oldottunk meg egy, a szupravezetés és mágnesség határán lévő anyagra. A Parmai Egyetem (Olaszország) és a Cambridge-i Egyetem (Nagy Britannia) kutatóival együttműködve megmutattuk, hogy a Li4C60 fullerén vegyület egy ionos vezető, amely alkalmazható lehet elektromos telepekben. Az eredményeket magas impaktú tudományos folyóiratokban közöltük. A munka két PhD tézis alapjául szolgált. Az ESR spektrumok fejlődése megújította az érdeklődést a módszer iránt. A nagy frekvenciás ESR spektrométert felújítottuk, új kvázi-optikai hidat, nagyteljesítméníű mm-hullámú forrást, mérőfejeket és egy rezgésmentes tartószerkezetet helyeztünk üzembe. Az érzékenységet egy nagyságrenddel megnöveltük. | The aim of the project was an electron spin resonance investigation of solids in which electron-electron correlations are of fundamental importance. The cuprate, organic and fullerene compounds investigated are metals, superconductors or magnetically ordered systems related to superconductivity in which electron correlations play an essential role. We measured and proposed a theory of the conduction electron spin life time in an inorganic superconductor, MgB2. We completed work on the magnetic phase diagram of a cuprate system close to high temperature superconductivity. The mapping of the magnetic resonance modes of a layered organic weak ferromagnet, ET2Cu(N(CN)2)Cl, solved a long standing problem of a material at the borderline of magnetic order and superconductivity. We showed, in collaboration with researchers at the University of Parma (Italy) and University of Cambridge (UK) that the fullerene compound, Li4C60 is a crystalline superionic conductor with possible applications in electrical batteries. Results were published in high impact scientific journals. The work served the basis for the completion of two PhD thesis. The recent progress of high frequencies ESR spectrometers has renewed interest in the method. The high frequency ESR spectrometer has been reconstructed, a new quasi optical bridge, a powerful mm-wave source, probe heads and a vibration free supporting structure were installed. As a result the sensitivity was increased by an order of magnitude

Das Bild ungarischer Schüler von den deutschsprachigen Länder und von den Deutschen

The View Hungarian School Children Have of Germans and German-Speaking Countries: The paper presents the results of a follow-up study to a survey carried out 25 years earlier, which looked at the view of Germans held by Hungarian 8 th grade primary school children. In addition to determining how children at the end of their primary school studies viewed German-speaking countries and people, the purpose of the study was also to examine the degree to which their sources of information e.g., school, family, media and people they know influenced this picture. The assessment that was carried out also provided feedback to education policymakers regarding the efficiency of the transfer of knowledge to children via various subjects and other information sources, and about how this knowledge is incorporated into their larger set of knowledge. Besides the political changes of 1989–1990, the time is right to revisit the topic because of the amount of changes in the sources of information that influence the views held of Germans over this quarter of a century. In general, the influence of the media has become stronger, the social environment has changed, and there are also new points of emphasis in teaching. In part, the study served as an assessment of the current situation concerning the view school children have of Germans and German-speaking countries, while on the other hand, the aim was to compare these with the results from 25 years ago. After introducing the problem and the preparations for conducting the survey, the paper presents the considerations for selecting respondents, the questions and their purpose, the principles employed in evaluating the completed questionnaires, and the statistical results. Following a comparison of the results from 1980 and 2005, the stereotypical opinion of school children is compared to other similar results from Hungary and abroad. In closing, a review of relevant textbooks used by schools is presented in light of the questions posed. This was done in order to determine to what extent these might have contributed to the knowledge or lack thereof identified in relation to the questions examined. Differences between the questions used in the two questionnaires were minimised, in order to ensure that the responses could be compared. Some of the questions were not related to knowledge gained within the curriculum, in the fields of geography, history, and general knowledge, but rather focused on the emotions of school children regarding the issue