Aspects Histo-Epidemiologiques Des Cancers Solides Du Rein De L’enfant En Cote D’ivoire

Objectifs: A partir d’une étude rétrospective transversale, les auteurs  rapportent 34 cas de cancer du rein histologiquement confirmés chez l’enfant de moins de 16 ans, observés dans les services d’Anatomie Pathologique des centres hospitaliers et universitaires d’Abidjan (République de Côte d’Ivoire) au cours de la période allant de janvier 1984 à décembre 2007e.Patients et méthodes: Le matériel d’étude était constitué de pièce de  néphrectomie. Après fixation dans le formol à 10%, les prélèvements ont été inclus en paraffine et coloré à l’hématéine éosine.Résultats: Le cancer du rein de l’enfant représentait 0.28% de l’ensemble des cancers. Il y avait 18 garçons (52.94%) et 16 filles (47.06%). L’âge moyen était de 4.88 ans. Au plan histologique nous avons observé 31 cas de néphroblastome (91.18%), 2 cas de lymphome de Burkitt (5.88%) et 1 cas de carcinome à cellule rénale (2.94%).Conclusion: Les cancers solides du rein de l’enfant sont dominés par le néphroblastome

Primary congenital hypothyroidism complicated by persistent severe anaemia in early infancy: A case report with a literature review

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Détermination de l'âge des bovins par l'examen de la dentition. Méthodologie et principaux résultats acquis en milieu villageois dans le Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire

Les auteurs décrivent une nouvelle méthode pour l'étude de la dynamique de l'éruption des incisives de remplacement chez les bovins. Adaptée au cas des populations animales où la date de naissance des animaux est inconnue, elle permet d'obtenir rapidement des résultats précis. Cette méthode a été appliquée au cheptel bovin sédentaire du Nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire. Les principaux résultats obtenus concernent la durée des stades dentaires et l'âge à l'éruption des incisives adultes pour les types génétiques suivants: Baoulé (West African Shorthorn). Métis N'Dama x Baoulé et Zébu x Baoulé. On n'observe pas d'effet significatif des facteurs sexe, région et saison de naissance sur les variables étudiées. Les résultats obtenus par type génétique sont peu différents. Les liaisons entre les durées respectives des stades dentaires sont faibles. D'une façon générale, les taurins de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et leurs métis sont plus précoces que les animaux zébus, eux-mêmes plus précoces que les races européennes en ce qui concerne le rythme de remplacement des dent

Development of methods of physical modeling of high-temperature processes in microwave field

In the work discusses the basics of using the microwave field to simulate individual high-temperature processes. The work outlines the applications of the microwave field for the processing of technological waste. In the work the layout technological schemes on the basis of a household microwave oven are proposed.В работе рассмотрены аспекты использования микроволнового поля для моделирования отдельных высокотемпературных процессов. Изложены варианты применения СВЧ поля для переработки техногенных отходов. Предложены компоновочные технологические схемы на основе бытовой микроволновой печи

Falciparum malaria in young children of rural Burkina Faso: comparison of survey data in 1999 with 2009

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Roll Back Malaria (RBM) interventions such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITN) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) have become implemented with different velocities in the endemic countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in recent years. There is conflicting evidence on how much can be achieved under real life conditions with the current interventions in the highly endemic savannah areas of SSA.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study took place in a rural area of north-western Burkina Faso, which was defined as holoendemic in 1999. Clinical and parasitological data were compared in two cohorts of young children of the same age range from eight villages. Surveys took place in June and December of the year 1999 and 2009 respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Prevalence of mosquito net use increased from 22% in 1999 to 73% in 2009, with the majority of nets being ITNs in 2009. In 2009, <it>P. falciparum </it>prevalence was significantly lower compared to 1999 (overall reduction of 22.8%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The reduction in malaria prevalence in young children observed between 1999 and 2009 in a rural and formerly malaria holoendemic area of Burkina Faso is likely attributable to the increase in ITN availability and utilization over time.</p

Malaria and anemia prevention in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are a major risk group for malaria in endemic areas. Only little information exists on the compliance of pregnant women with malaria and anaemia preventive drug regimens in the rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we collected information on malaria and anaemia prevention behaviour in pregnant women of rural Burkina Faso. METHODS: Cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative survey among 225 women of eight villages in rural northwestern Burkina Faso. Four of the villages had a health centre offering antenatal care (ANC) services while the other four were more than five kilometers away from a health centre. RESULTS: Overall ANC coverage (at least one visit) was 71% (95% in health centre villages vs 50% in remote villages). Malaria and anaemia were considered as the biggest problems during pregnancy in this community. ANC using women were quite satisfied with the quality of services, and compliance with malaria and anaemia prevention regimens (chloroquine and iron/folic acid) was high in this population. Knowledge on the benefit of bed nets and good nutrition was less prominent. Distance, lack of money and ignorance were the main reasons for women to not attend ANC services. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to improve access of rural SSA women to ANC services, either through increasing the number of rural health centres or establishing functioning outreach services. Moreover, alternative malaria and anaemia prevention programmes such as intermittent preventive treatment with effective antimalarials and the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets need to become implemented on a large scale

Distribution Systems of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets for Malaria Control in Rural Burkina Faso: Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Insecticide-impregnated bed nets (ITNs) have been shown to be a highly effective tool against malaria in the endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There are however different opinions about the role of ITN social marketing and ITN free distribution in the roll-out of ITN programmes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of free ITN distribution through antenatal care services in addition to an ITN social marketing programme in an area typical for rural SSA. METHODS: A cluster-randomised controlled ITN trial took place in the whole Kossi Province in north-western Burkina Faso, an area highly endemic for malaria. Twelve clusters were assigned to long-term ITN (Serena brand) social marketing plus free ITN (Serena brand) distribution to all pregnant women attending governmental antenatal care services (group A), and 13 clusters to ITN social marketing only (group B). The intervention took place during the rainy season of 2006 and thereafter. The trial was evaluated through a representative household survey at baseline and after one year. Serena ITN household ownership was the primary outcome measure. FINDINGS: A total of 1052 households were visited at baseline in February 2006 and 1050 at follow-up in February 2007. Overall Serena ITN household ownership increased from 16% to 28% over the study period, with a significantly higher increase in group A (13% to 35%) than in group B (18% to 23%) (p<0.001). INTERPRETATION: The free distribution of ITNs to pregnant women through governmental antenatal care services in addition to ITN social marketing substantially improved ITN household ownership in rural Burkina Faso. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN07985309

The Role of HIV-Related Knowledge and Ethnicity in Determining HIV Risk Perception and Willingness to Undergo HIV Testing Among Rural Women in Burkina Faso

We conducted a random community based survey of 300 young (15–29 years) rural women in Nouna, Burkina Faso. Only one-third of women were aware that a person could have HIV without having symptoms and these women were significantly more likely to classify themselves to be at high risk for getting HIV. Furthermore, multiple partners, Bwaba ethnicity and having mentioned a health worker as a source of HIV information were significantly associated with perceived high personal risk. Perceived willingness to participate in VCT was high (69%). The dissemination of information on the asymptomatic nature of HIV infection could potentially be very important in forming risk perception, awareness, and their willingness to participate in HIV interventions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44011/1/10461_2005_Article_3905.pd

Market‐led options to scale up legume seeds in developing countries: Experiences from the Tropical Legumes Project

There are several hurdles to ensure sustainable seed production and consistent flow of improved legume varieties in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA). The unreliable demand, autogamous nature of most of the grain legumes, and slow variety replacement rate by smallholder farmers do not provide strong incentive for private seed companies to invest in legume seed business. Unless a well thought‐out and comprehensive approach to legume seed delivery is developed, current seed shortages will continue, eroding emerging market opportunities. The experiences reported here are collated through a 10‐year partnership project, the Tropical Legumes in SSA and SA. It fostered innovative public–private partnerships in joint testing of innovative market‐led seed systems, skills and knowledge enhancement, de‐risking private sector initiatives that introduced in new approaches and previously overlooked entities in technology delivery. As new public and private seed companies, individual seed entrepreneurs and farmer organizations emerged, the existing ones enhanced their capacities. This resulted in significant rise in production, availability and accessibility of various seed grades of newly improved and farmer demanded legume varieties in the target countries