Expressive Quantum Supervised Machine Learning using Kerr-nonlinear Parametric Oscillators

Quantum machine learning with variational quantum algorithms (VQA) has been actively investigated as a practical algorithm in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Recent researches reveal that the data reuploading, which repeatedly encode classical data into quantum circuit, is necessary for obtaining the expressive quantum machine learning model in the conventional quantum computing architecture. However, the data reuploding tends to require large amount of quantum resources, which motivates us to find an alternative strategy for realizing the expressive quantum machine learning efficiently. In this paper, we propose quantum machine learning with Kerr-nonlinear Parametric Oscillators (KPOs), as another promising quantum computing device. The key idea is that we use not only the ground state and first excited state but also use higher excited states, which allows us to use a large Hilbert space even if we have a single KPO. Our numerical simulations show that the expressibility of our method with only one mode of the KPO is much higher than that of the conventional method with six qubits. Our results pave the way towards resource efficient quantum machine learning, which is essential for the practical applications in the NISQ era.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Supramolecular Complexation of \u3cem\u3eN\u3c/em\u3e-Alkyl- and \u3cem\u3eN\u3c/em\u3e,\u3cem\u3eN\u3c/em\u3e′-Dialkylpiperazines with Cucurbit[6]uril in Aqueous Solution and in the Solid State

Water seeds: Complex stoichiometry/composition and degree of oligomerization (oligomeric supramolecular complex formation) of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) with N-alkyl- and N,N′-dialkylpiperazine were investigated in aqueous solutions by means of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ESI-MS, NMR and light scattering measurements. Complex stoichiometry/composition and degree of oligomerization (oligomeric supramolecular complex formation) of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) with N-alkyl- and N,N′-dialkylpiperazine were investigated in aqueous solutions by means of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ESI-MS, NMR and light scattering measurements. It was found that the complex stability and the degree of oligomerization increase with elongating the alkyl chain attached to the piperazine core. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed a clear correlation between the structure of CB[6]–alkylpiperazine crystals obtained from aqueous solutions and the molecular weight/properties of host–guest oligomers existed in the solution as supramolecular “seeds” of crystal formation

Destruxin E Decreases Beta-Amyloid Generation by Reducing Colocalization of Beta-Amyloid-Cleaving Enzyme 1 and Beta-Amyloid Protein Precursor

Alzheimer-disease-associated beta-amyloid (A beta) is produced by sequential endoproteolysis of beta-amyloid protein precursor (beta APP): the extracellular portion is shed by cleavage in the juxtamembrane region by beta-amyloid-cleaving enzyme (BACE)/beta-secretase, after which it is cleaved by presenilin (PS)/gamma-secretase near the middle of the transmembrane domain. Thus, inhibition of either of the secretases reduces A beta generation and is a fundamental strategy for the development of drugs to prevent Alzheimer disease. However, it is not clear how small compounds reduce A beta production without inhibition of the secretases. Such compounds are expected to avoid some of the side effects of secretase inhibitors. Here, we report that destruxin E (Dx-E), a natural cyclic hexadepsipeptide, reduces A beta generation without affecting BACE or PS/gamma-secretase activity. In agreement with this, Dx-E did not inhibit Notch signaling. We found that Dx-E decreases colocalization of BACE1 and beta APP, which reduces beta-cleavage of beta APP. Therefore, the data demonstrate that Dx-E represents a novel A beta-reducing process which could have fewer side effects than secretase inhibitors. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Base

Insulinoma with symptoms of suspected transient ischemic attack : A case report

We report the case of a６７-year-old woman who had symptoms suggestive of a transient ischemic attack（TIA）, such as lightheadedness and transient visual changes before meals for ４ months. She experienced altered consciousness before lunch and was taken to the emergency room２weeks ago. She had repeated hypoglycemia with a blood glucose level of ３１ mg/dL. Insulin secretion was not suppressed, with an immunoreactive insulin level of １４．０ μU/mL and connecting peptide immunoreactivity of １．８３ ng/mL for occasional blood glucose levels of ４９ mg/dL. Dynamic CT revealed a １７‐mm mass enhanced during the arterial phase in the pancreatic uncinate process, suggestive of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. A selective arterial secretagogue（calcium）injection test revealed the localization of insulinoma in the head of the pancreas. Therefore, pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Hyperglycemia occurred after the surgery, and it was judged that the insulinoma was resected. This case showed TIA-like symptoms without signs of sympathetic overdrive associated with hypoglycemia. Thus, the diagnosis was delayed. Insulinoma may present with symptoms of neuroglycopenia but not autonomic activity due to hypoglycemia. Insulinoma should be distinguished in patients with unknown neurological symptoms since neuroglycopenia caused by insulinoma is diverse

SP7 Inhibits Osteoblast Differentiation at a Late Stage in Mice

RUNX2 and SP7 are essential transcription factors for osteoblast differentiation at an early stage. Although RUNX2 inhibits osteoblast differentiation at a late stage, the function of SP7 at the late stage of osteoblast differentiation is not fully elucidated. Thus, we pursued the function of SP7 in osteoblast differentiation. RUNX2 induced Sp7 expression in Runx2−/− calvarial cells. Adenoviral transfer of sh-Sp7 into primary osteoblasts reduced the expression of Alpl, Col1a1, and Bglap2 and mineralization, whereas that of Sp7 reduced Bglap2 expression and mineralization at a late stage of osteoblast differentiation. Sp7 transgenic mice under the control of 2.3 kb Col1a1 promoter showed osteopenia and woven-bone like structure in the cortical bone, which was thin and less mineralized, in a dose-dependent manner. Further, the number of processes in the osteoblasts and osteocytes was reduced. Although the osteoblast density was increased, the bone formation was reduced. The frequency of BrdU incorporation was increased in the osteoblastic cells, while the expression of Col1a1, Spp1, Ibsp, and Bglap2 was reduced. Further, the osteopenia in Sp7 or Runx2 transgenic mice was worsened in Sp7/Runx2 double transgenic mice and the expression of Col1a1 and Bglap2 was reduced. The expression of Sp7 and Runx2 was not increased in Runx2 and Sp7 transgenic mice, respectively. The expression of endogenous Sp7 was increased in Sp7 transgenic mice and Sp7-transduced cells; the introduction of Sp7 activated and sh-Sp7 inhibited Sp7 promoter; and ChIP assay showed the binding of endogenous SP7 in the proximal region of Sp7 promoter. These findings suggest that SP7 and RUNX2 inhibit osteoblast differentiation at a late stage in a manner independent of RUNX2 and SP7, respectively, and SP7 positively regulates its own promoter

DOASによって観測された火山ガス放出量の変動について ～桜島・諏訪之瀬島～

我々は火山からのSO2放出量測定のために，光学的な吸収分光計を用いた試験的な測定機器(DOAS)を新たに開発した。この機器の基本的な動作試験は浅間山や三宅島などの日本の火山で2003年に行われてきた。そして，DOASの特性試験と実際の計測が桜島と諏訪之瀬島(トカラ列島の火山島)で2003年の10月から11月にかけて行われた。桜島では500~1000ton/dayのSO2放出量が記録された。活動が最盛期であった桜島からのSO2放出量の半分以下の計測値であるが，現在の桜島の火山活動の低さから考えると妥当である。また，噴火活動が活発である諏訪之瀬島では初のSO2放出量の測定が行われ，約1000ton/dayのSO2放出量が計測された。桜島最盛期と比べるとSO2放出量は低いが，諏訪之瀬島の噴火規模から考えると妥当な放出量と考えられる。一方で，火口近傍にDOASを運び，SO2 column濃度の時間変動の測定にも成功した。We have produced trial instrument for measurement of SO2 emission using differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS). Its performance has been tested at several volcanoes in Japan since 2003. The performance of the DOAS and its practice measurement were executed in Sakurajima and Suwanosejima. The SO2 emissions from Sakurajima and Suwanosejima were measured by the DOAS. Sakurajima emitted 500~1000ton/day due to dormancy of the volcanic activity. The excellent portability of the DOAS enables to estimate the SO2 emission from Suwanosejima at 1000ton/day. In addition, the DOAS enables to monitor temporal variation in the SO2 column concentration in the vicinity of the crater. We carried out measurement of the SO2 column concentration (ppmm) in the plume at Suwanosejima.我々は火山からのSO2放出量測定のために，光学的な吸収分光計を用いた試験的な測定機器(DOAS)を新たに開発した。この機器の基本的な動作試験は浅間山や三宅島などの日本の火山で2003年に行われてきた。そして，DOASの特性試験と実際の計測が桜島と諏訪之瀬島(トカラ列島の火山島)で2003年の10月から11月にかけて行われた。桜島では500~1000ton/dayのSO2放出量が記録された。活動が最盛期であった桜島からのSO2放出量の半分以下の計測値であるが，現在の桜島の火山活動の低さから考えると妥当である。また，噴火活動が活発である諏訪之瀬島では初のSO2放出量の測定が行われ，約1000ton/dayのSO2放出量が計測された。桜島最盛期と比べるとSO2放出量は低いが，諏訪之瀬島の噴火規模から考えると妥当な放出量と考えられる。一方で，火口近傍にDOASを運び，SO2 column濃度の時間変動の測定にも成功した。We have produced trial instrument for measurement of SO2 emission using differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS). Its performance has been tested at several volcanoes in Japan since 2003. The performance of the DOAS and its practice measurement were executed in Sakurajima and Suwanosejima. The SO2 emissions from Sakurajima and Suwanosejima were measured by the DOAS. Sakurajima emitted 500~1000ton/day due to dormancy of the volcanic activity. The excellent portability of the DOAS enables to estimate the SO2 emission from Suwanosejima at 1000ton/day. In addition, the DOAS enables to monitor temporal variation in the SO2 column concentration in the vicinity of the crater. We carried out measurement of the SO2 column concentration (ppmm) in the plume at Suwanosejima

Comparison of Indoor Environment and Energy Consumption before and after Spread of COVID-19 in Schools in Japanese Cold-Climate Region

A report released by the WHO indicates that aerosols from infected people are one of the major sources of the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, as the COVID-19 infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads, it has become necessary to reconsider the design and operation of buildings. Inside school buildings in cold regions, not only is it not easy to increase ventilation during the winter, but it may also be difficult for students to attend classes while wearing masks during the summer because such buildings are not equipped with air-conditioning systems. In short, school buildings in cold climates have more problems than those in warm climates. We report on the results of indoor environmental measurement using our developed CO2-concentration meters, a questionnaire survey on students' feeling of being hot or cold (i.e., 'thermal sensation'), and a comparison of energy consumption before and after the spread of COVID-19 infection in schools in Sapporo, Japan, a cold-climate area. The results indicate that (1) more than 70% of the students participated in window ventilation by the CO2 meter, and (2) a relatively good indoor environment was maintained through the efforts of teachers and students. However, we also found that (1) 90% of the students felt hot in summer and (2) 40% felt cold in winter, (3) energy efficiency worsened by 7% due to increased ventilation, and (4) air quality was not as clean as desired during the coldest months of the year. Therefore, investment in insulation and air conditioning systems for school buildings is needed