14 research outputs found

    Purification and biochemical properties of a new thermostable xylanase from symbiotic fungus, Termitomyces sp.

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    A xylanase was purified from symbotic fungus, Termitomyces sp. by chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, gel filtration and Phenyl-Sepharose. The preparation was shown to be homogenous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme displayed two protein bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its molecular mass was estimated to 80-87 kDa. The xylanase exhibited maximum activity at 65-70°C and at pH 5.6, but it retained more than 80% of its activity in the pH range 5.0-6.0. The enzyme was stable for a long time-period up to 50°C and for 1 h at 60°C. Although the xylanase had a lower carboxymethylcellulase activity, it lacked activity towards substituted xylan, xylobiose, inulin, starch, polygalacturonic acid or pNP glycosides. Kinetic parameters indicated higher efficiency in the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan and birchwood xylan. The xylanase activity was stimulated by K+, Mn2+ and dithiol-reducing agents and was sensitive to Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and detergent agents. The enzymatic activity was observed in presence of urea up to a 1% (w/v) concentration. The enzyme could also be used in the presence of organic solvents such as acetone or dioxane (5%, v/v) without loss of activity.Keywords: Xylanase, Thermostable Termitomyces sp., Macrotermes subhyalinus, Termitida

    Influence du type de solvant et du ratio échantillon/solvant sur les propriétés moussantes des poudres des racines de manioc Manihot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2 et des graines de niébé Vigna unguiculata (L.) cv blanc

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    La capacitĂ© moussante et sa stabilitĂ© sont des propriĂ©tĂ©s fonctionnelles qui dĂ©terminent l'utilisation finale d’un aliment. Ces propriĂ©tĂ©s sont le plus souvent associĂ©es aux facteurs intrinsèques des protĂ©ines tels que la structure molĂ©culaire et la taille. En revanche, les paramètres physiques extrinsèques ont Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©udiĂ©s. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer l’influence de la granulomĂ©trie, du type de solvant aqueux, et de la concentration de poudre sur la capacitĂ© moussante et sur la stabilitĂ© de la mousse des poudres des racines tubĂ©reuses du manioc Manhiot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2 et des graines de niĂ©bĂ© Vigna unguinculata (L.) cv blanc. Pour y parvenir, la capacitĂ© moussante et la stabilitĂ© de la mousse de diffĂ©rentes granulomĂ©tries de ces Ă©chantillons a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es dans deux types de solvants aqueux (eau distillĂ©e et eau de robinet ) et Ă  diffĂ©rents ratios. Il ressort que la qualitĂ© du solvant aqueux influence la capacitĂ© moussante et la stabilitĂ© de la mousse des diffĂ©rentes poudres des graines du niĂ©bĂ© Vigna unguiculata (L.) cv blanc et des racines tubĂ©reuses du manioc Manhiot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2. De plus, la taille des particules des poudres des graines du niĂ©bĂ© et des racines de manioc influence leurs capacitĂ©s moussantes. Au terme de cette Ă©tude, nous pouvons noter que les facteurs extrinsèques influencent aussi bien les propriĂ©tĂ©s de la poudre de manioc que celle du niĂ©bĂ© riche en protĂ©ine. Ainsi, ces facteurs doivent etre pris en compte pour une eventuelle application de ces poudres en industrie agroalimentaire.  Foaming capacity and stability are functional properties that determine the end use of a food. These properties are most often associated with intrinsic protein factors such as molecular structure and size. Extrinsic physical parameters, on the other hand, have received little attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of particle size, type of aqueous solvent and powder concentration on the foaming capacity and foam stability of powders from the tuberous roots of cassava Manhiot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2 and cowpea seeds Vigna unguinculata (L.) cv blanc. To achieve this, the foaming capacity and foam stability of different granulometries of these samples were determined in two types of aqueous solvent (distilled water and tap water) and at different ratios. It was found that the quality of the aqueous solvent influenced the foaming capacity and foam stability of the different powders of cowpea seeds Vigna unguiculata (L.) cv blanc and tuberous roots of cassava Manhiot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2. In addition, the particle size of cowpea seed and cassava root powders influences their foaming capacities. At the end of this study, we can note that extrinsic factors influence the properties of both cassava powder and protein-rich cowpea powder. These factors should therefore be taken into account when considering the possible application of these powders in the food industry

    Influence du Type de Solvant et du Ratio Echantillon/Solvant sur les Propriétés Moussantes des Poudres des Racines de Manioc Manihot Esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2

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    La capacitĂ© moussante et la stabilitĂ© de la mousse sont des propriĂ©tĂ©s fonctionnelles qui dĂ©terminent l'utilisation finale d’un aliment. Ces propriĂ©tĂ©s sont le plus souvent associĂ©es aux facteurs intrinsèques des protĂ©ines tels que la structure molĂ©culaire et la taille. En revanche, les paramètres physiques extrinsèques sont peu Ă©udiĂ©s malgrĂ© leur impact significatif sur la qualitĂ© technologique d’un produit. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer l’influence de la granulomĂ©trie, du type de solvant aqueux, et de la concentration de poudre sur la capacitĂ© moussante et la stabilitĂ© de la mousse des poudres des racines tubĂ©reuses du manioc Manihot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2. Pour y parvenir, la capacitĂ© moussante et la stabilitĂ© de la mousse d’échantillons de manioc Ă  diffĂ©rentes granulomĂ©tries ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es dans deux types de solvants aqueux (eau distillĂ©e et eau de robinet ) et Ă  diffĂ©rents ratios. Il ressort que la qualitĂ© du solvant aqueux influence la capacitĂ© moussante et la stabilitĂ© de la mousse des diffĂ©rentes poudres de racines tubĂ©reuses de manioc. La taille des particules des poudres de racines de manioc influence Ă©galement les capacitĂ©s moussantes. Au terme de cette Ă©tude, nous pouvons noter que les facteurs extrinsèques influencent effectivement les propriĂ©tĂ©s de la poudre de manioc. Ainsi, ces facteurs doivent etre pris en compte pour une eventuelle application de ces poudres en industrie agroalimentaire.   Foaming capacity and foam stability are functional properties that determine the final use of a food. These properties are most often associated with induced factors of proteins such as molecular structure and size. On the other hand, extrinsic physical parameters are little studied despite their significant impact on the technological quality of a product. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of the particle size, the type of aqueous solvent, and the powder concentration on the foaming capacity and the foam stability of powders from the tuberous roots of Manihot esculenta cassava. (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2. To achieve this, the foaming capacity and foam stability of cassava samples at different particle sizes were determined in two types of aqueous solvents (distilled water and tap water) and at different ratios. It appears that the quality of the aqueous solvent influences the foaming capacity and foam stability of different cassava tuberous root powders. Also, the particle size of cassava roots influences foaming capabilities. At the end of this study, we can note that extrinsic factors actually influence the properties of cassava powder. Thus, these factors must be taken into account for a possible application of these powders in the food industry

    Influence du type de solvant et du ratio échantillon/solvant sur les propriétés moussantes des poudres des racines de manioc Manihot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2 et des graines de niébé Vigna unguiculata (L.) cv blanc

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    La capacitĂ© moussante et sa stabilitĂ© sont des propriĂ©tĂ©s fonctionnelles qui dĂ©terminent l'utilisation finale d’un aliment. Ces propriĂ©tĂ©s sont le plus souvent associĂ©es aux facteurs intrinsèques des protĂ©ines tels que la structure molĂ©culaire et la taille. En revanche, les paramètres physiques extrinsèques ont Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©udiĂ©s. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer l’influence de la granulomĂ©trie, du type de solvant aqueux, et de la concentration de poudre sur la capacitĂ© moussante et sur la stabilitĂ© de la mousse des poudres des racines tubĂ©reuses du manioc Manhiot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2 et des graines de niĂ©bĂ© Vigna unguinculata (L.) cv blanc. Pour y parvenir, la capacitĂ© moussante et la stabilitĂ© de la mousse de diffĂ©rentes granulomĂ©tries de ces Ă©chantillons a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es dans deux types de solvants aqueux (eau distillĂ©e et eau de robinet ) et Ă  diffĂ©rents ratios. Il ressort que la qualitĂ© du solvant aqueux influence la capacitĂ© moussante et la stabilitĂ© de la mousse des diffĂ©rentes poudres des graines du niĂ©bĂ© Vigna unguiculata (L.) cv blanc et des racines tubĂ©reuses du manioc Manhiot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2. De plus, la taille des particules des poudres des graines du niĂ©bĂ© et des racines de manioc influence leurs capacitĂ©s moussantes. Au terme de cette Ă©tude, nous pouvons noter que les facteurs extrinsèques influencent aussi bien les propriĂ©tĂ©s de la poudre de manioc que celle du niĂ©bĂ© riche en protĂ©ine. Ainsi, ces facteurs doivent etre pris en compte pour une eventuelle application de ces poudres en industrie agroalimentaire.  Foaming capacity and stability are functional properties that determine the end use of a food. These properties are most often associated with intrinsic protein factors such as molecular structure and size. Extrinsic physical parameters, on the other hand, have received little attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of particle size, type of aqueous solvent and powder concentration on the foaming capacity and foam stability of powders from the tuberous roots of cassava Manhiot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2 and cowpea seeds Vigna unguinculata (L.) cv blanc. To achieve this, the foaming capacity and foam stability of different granulometries of these samples were determined in two types of aqueous solvent (distilled water and tap water) and at different ratios. It was found that the quality of the aqueous solvent influenced the foaming capacity and foam stability of the different powders of cowpea seeds Vigna unguiculata (L.) cv blanc and tuberous roots of cassava Manhiot esculenta (Crantz) cv Bonoua 2. In addition, the particle size of cowpea seed and cassava root powders influences their foaming capacities. At the end of this study, we can note that extrinsic factors influence the properties of both cassava powder and protein-rich cowpea powder. These factors should therefore be taken into account when considering the possible application of these powders in the food industry

    Purification and characterization of three lowmolecular- weight acid phosphatases from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seedlings

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    The maximum acid phosphatasic activity was detected in peanut seedlings the 5th day of germination. At least, three acid phosphatases were identified and purified by successive chromatography separations on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, CM Sepharose CL-6B, Sephacryl S-200 HR, and Phenyl- Sepharose HP to apparent homogeneity from developing five days old peanut seedlings. These enzymes designated acid phosphatase PI, PIIa and PIIb had native molecular weights of approximately 25.3, 22.4 and 24 kDa, respectively by gel permeation. SDS-PAGE of the purified acid phosphatase PI resolved two closely protein bands that migrated to approximately 14 and 12 kDa. Thus, this acid phosphatase likely functions as a heterodimer. Acid phosphatases PIIa and PIIb migrated as single band (each) with a similar molecular weight estimated to 21 kDa. The three enzymes had a similar optima pH (5.0) and temperature (55°C), and appeared to be stable in the presence of non-ionic detergents such as Triton X-100, Nonidet P 40 as well as Na+ and K+. Substrate specificity indicated that the three acid phosphatases hydrolyzed a broad range of phosphorylated substrates. However, natural substrates such as ADP and ATP were the compounds with highest rate of hydrolysis for acid phosphatase PI, while acid phosphatase PIIa exhibited phytasic activity. These results indicate that each purified acid phosphatase from peanut seedlings played a peculiar role during germination.Keywords: acid phosphatase; seedling; peanut; arachis hypogaea; germination; low-molecular-weigh

    Enquête sur les Farines Céréalières et les Ingrédients Utilisés Dans la Préparation de la Pâte Alimentaire Traditionnelle Appelée "Tôh" à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

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    La présente étude prospective vise à répertorier les différentes farines céréalières les plus vendues, consommées et préférées ainsi que les ingrédients qui font partie de la préparation de la pâte alimentaire traditionnelle appelée "tôh" à Abidjan. La méthodologie a consisté en une enquête à l’aide d’un questionnaire structuré auprès des points de vente tenus uniquement par les femmes et sélectionnés de façon aléatoire sur les marchés de trois communes du district d’Abidjan : Abobo, Koumassi et Yopougon. Ces communes ont été choisies du fait de leur forte concentration en populations allogènes du nord de la Côte d’Ivoire et des non-ivoiriens dont les céréales constituent la base alimentaire. Il en résulte de l’enquête que 5129 points de vente ont été recensés. Les farines de céréales les plus vendues, utilisées pour la préparation du "tôh" et consommées sont successivement les farines de maïs blanc (36,11 %), de maïs jaune (35,18 %) et de mil (29,50 %). La farine de maïs blanc est préférée à la farine de maïs jaune par les chefs de ménage de sexe masculin que de sexe féminin. Le maïs est la céréale relativement moins chère, disponible et la plus consommée chez les ménages à faible revenu (< 100.000 F CFA) tandis que les ménages à revenu élevé (>200.000 F CFA) préfèrent le mil. Concernant les enrichissements des farines, l’additif fréquemment utilisé pour des "tôh" plus acceptables est la potasse alimentaire artisanale (75,35 %). Cependant, les vendeuses sur les marchés devraient observer un peu plus de mesures d’hygiène aux points de stockage.This paper focuses on listing the various cereal floursthat are the most sold, consumed and preferred, as well as the ingredients used in the preparation of the traditional pasta called "tôh" in Abidjan. The methodology consisted of a survey using a structured questionnaire at points of sale held only by women. The survey sample was randomly selected in the markets of three communes of the Abidjan district: Abobo, Koumassi, and Yopougon. These communes were chosen because of their high concentration of nonindigenous populations in northern Côte d'Ivoire and non-Ivorians whose cereals constitute the food base. As a result of the survey, 5129 outlets were identified. The best-selling cereal flours, used for the preparation of "tôh" and consumed, are successively flours of white corn (36.11%), yellow corn (35.18%), and millet (29.50%). White corn flour is preferred to yellow cornmeal by male and female household heads. Maize is the relatively cheaper, available, and most consumed cereal in low-income households ( 200,000 CFA) prefer millet. Regarding enrichments of flours, the additive frequently used for "tôh" which is more acceptable is the potash food artisanal (75.35%). However, vendors on the markets should observe more hygiene at storage points

    Proximate Composition, Minerals and Amino Acids Profiles of Selected Wild Edible Russula Species from Côte d’Ivoire

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    Some wild edible mushrooms of genus Russula are consumed in the center region of Côte d’Ivoire. In this study, the proximate composition, mineral element and amino acid profile of three selected wild edible Russula species from Center of Côte d’Ivoire including Russula delica, Russula lepida and Russula mustelina were investigated. The mushrooms were harvested fresh, dried in an oven at 45°C for 48 hours, ground and analyzed according to standard procedures. Proximate analysis showed high level of proteins (38.08±0.29–38.52±0.23 %), crude fibre (9.59±0.21–19.78±0.7 %), carbohydrate (39.29±1.71-41.64±1.41 %), ash (12.7±0.16– 13.80±0.10 %) and fat (4.06±0.11-5.70±0.05 %) in all species. Mineral analysis of all species indicated that the mushrooms were specifically rich in potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. R. delica contained the highest level of calcium and phosphorus. The mushrooms contained 18 amino acids among with the most predominant ones in all species were glutamic acid and valine. In addition, the ratios of essential amino acids to total amino acids were between 0.40 and 0.45. The high scores of essential amino acids present in these mushrooms implied that they have a high biological protein value. These mushrooms could be considered as a potential health food and may be of use to the food industry as a source of ingredients with high nutritional value

    Purification and biochemical properties of a new thermostable xylanase from symbiotic fungus, Termitomyces sp.

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    A xylanase was purified from symbotic fungus, Termitomyces sp. by chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, gel filtration and Phenyl-Sepharose. The preparation was shown to be homogenous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme displayed two protein bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its molecular mass was estimated to 80-87 kDa. The xylanase exhibited maximum activity at 65-70°C and at pH 5.6, but it retained more than 80% of its activity in the pH range 5.0-6.0. The enzyme was stable for a long time-period up to 50°C and for 1 h at 60°C. Although the xylanase had a lower carboxymethylcellulase activity, it lacked activity towards substituted xylan, xylobiose, inulin, starch, polygalacturonic acid or pNP-glycosides. Kinetic parameters indicated higher efficiency in the hydrolysis of beechwood xylan and birchwood xylan. The xylanase activity was stimulated by K+, Mn2+ and dithiol-reducing agents and was sensitive to Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and detergent agents. The enzymatic activity was observed in presence of urea up to a 1% (w/v) concentration. The enzyme could also be used in the presence of organic solvents such as acetone or dioxane (5%, v/v) without loss of activity

    Prévention du brunissement enzymatique de l’aubergine violette (Solanum melongena L.) par traitement thermique : analyses cinétiques et thermodynamiques: Prevention of enzymatic browning of violet eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by heat treatment: kinetic and thermodynamic analyses

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    Le brunissement enzymatique est associé à l'action des polyphénol oxydases (PPO) et des peroxydases (POD). Les produits de ces enzymes provoquent des changements indésirables de couleur et de saveur des aubergines transformées. Une dopamine oxydase responsable du brunissement enzymatique a été isolée de l’aubergine violette (Solanum melongena L.). Ainsi, l’inactivation thermique et l’analyse thermodynamique ont été étudiées sur une base cinétique afin de contrôler ce phénomène physiologique. Les études cinétiques ont montré que l’inactivation thermique de l’activité dopamine oxydase de l’aubergine violette suivait une cinétique de premier ordre aux températures comprises entre 35 – 80 °C, avec des constantes de vitesse (k) comprise entre 0,0101 ± 0,0001 et 0,0865 ± 0,0004 min-1. Les temps de réduction décimale (D) et k ont diminué et augmenté respectivement avec l’augmentation de la température, indiquant une inactivation plus rapide de la dopamine oxydase à des températures plus élevées. Les résultats suggèrent que dopamine oxydase est une enzyme relativement thermostable avec une constante de résistance (Z) de 50.25 ± 0,7 °C et une énergie d'activation (Ea) de 40.65 ± 0,6 kJmol-1. Les résultats thermodynamiques ont indiqué que les réactions d'oxydation étaient : non spontanées (ΔG > 0), légèrement endothermiques (ΔH > 0) et réversibles (ΔS < 0). Ces données cinétiques peuvent être utilisées dans la prévention du brunissement enzymatique de la pulpe d’aubergine violette par l'inactivation thermique de l'enzyme. Enzymatic browning is associated with the action of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and peroxidases (POD). The products of these enzymes cause undesirable changes of color and flavor of processed eggplant products. A dopamine oxidase responsible for enzymatic browning was isolated from violet eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Thus, thermal inactivation and thermodynamic analysis were studied on a kinetic basis to control this physiological phenomenon. Kinetic studies showed that thermal inactivation of dopamine oxidase activity in purple eggplant followed first-order kinetics at temperatures between 35 - 80 °C, with speed constants (k) values between 0.0101 ± 0.0001 and 0.0865± 0.0004 min-1. The decimal reduction times (D) and k values decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing temperature, indicating more rapid inactivation of dopamine oxidase at higher temperatures. The results suggest that dopamine oxidase is a relatively thermostable enzyme with a resistance constant (Z) value of 50.25 ± 0.7 °C and an activation energy (Ea) of 40.65 ± 0.6 kJmol-1. Thermodynamic results indicated that the oxidation reactions were: non-spontaneous (ΔG > 0), slightly endothermic (ΔH > 0), and reversible (ΔS < 0). These kinetic data can be used in the prevention of enzymatic browning of purple eggplant pulp by thermal inactivation of the enzyme

    Synergism of cockroach (Periplaneta americana) α-amylase and α-glucosidase hydrolysis of starches

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    Cockroach PPeriplaneta americana α-amylase hydrolysed starch to maltose and maltodextrin. However, this enzyme was not active against maltose and maltotriose (2 h of reaction). α-Glucosidase of the same organism exhibited activities toward maltose and maltodextrin to glucose. Synergism was observed especially between both enzymes to produce glucose for cockroach P. americananutrition
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