Diversité, Distribution Et Statut De Conservation Des Primates Dans Les Reliques De Forêts Dans La Région Du Tonkpi, À L’ouest De La Côte d’Ivoire

Tropical forests constitute the main part of the non-human primate’s habitat but they are more and more fragmented because of anthropic activities. In Ivory Coast, the present forest cover includes only some fragments more or less important. The knowledge of the primate’s diversity and their distribution in these relics of forest constitute some hopeful elements for their conservation. This study has been carried out in two classified forests and a community forest of the Tonkpi area in the West of Ivory Coast. It aims first, to assess the species of primates, then to highlight their spatial distributions and at last, determine their conservation status and the threats there are facing. The methodology used consisted firstly, on interview among hunters and older living around the forests to have an overall view of the monkey species in the area and the forests that housing them. Next, foot surveys have been organized in the identified forests during the interview. At the end of this study, seven species of primates belonging to West African forests have been confirmed in these forest relics base on observation of nests, vocalizations and visual signs. The majority of these species are observed at the periphery of forests mainly in mountain and flooded areas apart from Galagoïdes thomasi which is more abundant even in fallow land. Among those species, one (Piliocolobus badius) is listed Endangered (EN) and Colobus polykomos is considered vulnerable (VU) by IUCN; and five others are least Concern (LC). The sustainable conservation of those primates is threatened by agriculture, traditional and industrial mining, hunting and logging. The existence in those forest relics of primate species with conservation concerned justify their value for the sustainable conservation of those primates and the need to reinforce measure of protection

Les communautés locales, à travers leurs pratiques culturelles, ont conservé des éléments de la nature. Ce mode de gestion de la biodiversité varie en fonction des peuples et des groupes ethniques. Quelle est donc l’importance socioculturelle et économiqu

Les communautés locales, à travers leurs pratiques culturelles, ont conservé des éléments de la nature. Ce mode de gestion de la biodiversité varie en fonction des peuples et des groupes ethniques. Quelle est donc l’importance socioculturelle et économique des fragments forestiers pour les populations locales de Gbétitapéa ? Cette étude vise à montrer l’importance culturelle et économique que revêtent les singes des fragments forestiers pour la population de Gbétitapéa, au centre-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. La méthodologie utilisée a consisté en des enquêtes ethnozoologiques auprès des populations riveraines. Au terme de cette étude, il ressort que la majorité des populations connait l’origine sacrée des singes. Bien que sacrés, la viande de singes est consommée par une minorité à Gbétitapéa et en majorité dans les villages voisins. La forêt sacrée et les singes constituent une source économique importante eu égard à l’écotourisme. Une meilleure connaissance des pratiques culturelles pourrait montrer l’importance socioculturelle et économique des sites sacrés afin de prévoir une gestion durable des écosystèmes forestiers. Local communities, through their cultural practices, have preserved elements of nature. This way of managing biodiversity varies according to peoples and ethnic groups. What is the socio-cultural and economic importance of the forest fragments for the local populations of Gbetitapea? This study aims to show the importance of monkeys of forest fragments for the population of Gbetitapéa, in western Côte d'Ivoire, at the cultural and economic levels. The methodology used consisted of surveys of local populations using a mixed approach. At the end of this study, it appears that the majority of the populations knows the sacred origin of the monkeys. Although sacred, monkey meat is eaten by a minority inGbetitapéa and mostly in neighboring villages. The sacred forest and monkeys are an important economic source for ecotourism. A better knowledge of cultural practices could show the socio-cultural and economic importance of sacred sites in order to plan for sustainable management of ecosystems. &nbsp

Visites Touristiques et Comportements des Singes Sacrés de Gbetitapéa, Centre-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire

La gestion du tourisme faunique nécessite la disponibilité d’informations sur les touristes et l’étho-écologie des animaux. Cette étude est une contribution à l’amélioration des connaissances sur les touristes et les comportements des singes sacrés de Gbetitapéa dans le centre-ouest ivoirien. Il s’est agi de déterminer les caractéristiques des touristes et d’identifier les comportements des singes en présence et en absence des touristes.Des touristes ont été enquêtés et un échantillonnage par animal focal a été fait sur des cercopithèques de Campbell (Cercopithecus campbelli) en absence et en présence des touristes. Au total, 70 touristes provenant de 12 localités ont été interrogés. Parmi eux, des enseignants et des individus dont l’âge variait entre 21 et 45 ans visitent majoritairement les singes.Lorsque la distance des provenances des touristes à Gbétitapéa augmente, il y a une faible tendance à l’observation de touristes (coefficient de corrélation = -0,0126). En absence des touristes, sept comportements (cri, jeux, repos, agression, déplacement, alimentation et toilettage) sont observés avec l’agression et le jeu, respectivement 0,74% et 2,42% des observations, étant les moins fréquents. Les déplacements (26,51%) et repos (25,09%) sont les plus observés. En présence des touristes, cinq comportements (cri, repos, déplacement, alimentation et toilettage) sont observés avec l’alimentation et le déplacement, respectivement 36,84% et 29,82% des observations, étant les plus fréquents. Le repos (5,26%) et le toilettage (7,2%) sont les moins fréquents. La conservation par la sacralisation de la faune doit être encouragée sans ignorer la sensibilisation des touristes pour réduire leurs impacts sur les animaux. Managing wildlife tourism requires the availability of information about tourists and the etho-ecology of animals. This study is a contribution to the improvement of knowledge on tourists and the behaviors of the sacred monkeys of Gbetitapéa in the center-west of Ivory Coast by determining the characteristics of tourists and by identifying the behaviors of the monkeys in the presence and in the absence of tourists.Tourists were surveyed and focal animal sampling was applied to Campbell’s monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli) in the absence and presence of tourists. In total, 70 tourists from 12 localities were interviewed. Among them, teachers and individuals between the ages of 21 and 45 years mostly visit monkeys.When the distance from the origins of tourists to Gbetitapéa increases, there is a weak tendency to have fewer tourists (correlation coefficient = -0.0126). In the absence of tourists, seven behaviors (screaming, games, rest, aggression, movement, eating and grooming) are observed with aggression and play, 0.82% and 2.68% respectively of observations, being the least frequent. Travel (26.99%) and rest (24.76%) are the most observed. In the presence of tourists, five behaviors (screaming, resting, moving, feeding and grooming) are observed with feeding and moving, respectively 36.84% and 29.82% of observations, being the most frequent. Rest (5.26%), and grooming (7.2%) are the least frequent. Wildlife conservation through sacred fauna must be encouraged without ignoring the awareness of tourist visitors in order to reduce their impact on animals

Relation Entre Le Somatotype Et La Qualite De Vitesse Chez Des Jeunes De Cote d’Ivoire

The aim of this study is to establish a link between the performance at speed race and the somatotype within young students from Côte d’Ivoire who are candidates for the recruitment test organized by the National Institute of Youth and Sports. The study was performed on 669 girls at 21.80+2.26 year old and 1859 boys at 22.11+2.26 years. Anthropometrical measures were made out in order to estimate somatotype. For the speed, the subjects underwent a 80m speed race test for girls and a 100m speed race for boys. After a descriptive analysis of the somatotype components and the performance of girls and boys, we made a distribution of the gaps in performance (estimated performance – real performance) estimated by the regression and the real performance in order to check normality. To examine the relationship between somatotype, cormic index and the speed race, an equation of multiple regressions was performed. The distribution of the gaps in performance (estimated performance - real performance) estimated by the regression and real performance is normally distributed both in girls and boys. The results also indicate that a multiple and statistically significant link (p<0.05) exists between the performance and three (3) variables: endormorphy, ectomorphy and cormic index with boys and two (2) components of somatotype: endomorphy, mesomorphy with girls. The present study has allowed establishing a relationship between the performance at speed race and some of the components of the somatotype. The performance at 100m for boys and 80m for girls is well the result of a specific morphotype (endomorph) limiting the realization of good performances by these sprinters

Dynamics of the Recidence of Residents in the Special District for Minors of the Daloa Arrest and Correction House, (Centre-West, Ivory Coast)

Many individual and social factors influence the appearance and persistence of acts of delinquency. Several clusters of factors concerning delinquency in general and recidivism in particular have thus been identified: criminal history, psychological, psychiatric and somatic diagnoses, socio-demographic characteristics, family situation and dynamics and the influence of social groups. The objective of this study is to identify the factors behind the recidivism of minors detained in the Special Quarter for Minors of the Daloa House of Arrest and Correction during detention. It is based on quantitative and qualitative data collected on the basis of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that the recidivism of incarcerated minors is linked to different cognitive and psycho-sociological factors due to the poor quality of institutional care. This study makes it possible to scientifically understand that the treatment of minors detained by the justice of youth protection in Daloa, has the difficulty of finding appropriate strategies and in line with the realities of adolescents on the margins of society

Effet D’un Extrait Aqueux De Pseudarthria Hookeri Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae) Sur La Glycemie Et Sur La Liberation Et Le Stockage Du Glucose Hepatique De Rats Diabetiques

Pseudarthria hookeri (Fabaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine in Ivory Coast to treat diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Pseudarthria hookeri (EAPh) on the release and storage of hepatic glucose in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of EAPh, at a dose of 1200 mg/kg body weight for 28 days, leads to a significant decrease of glycaemia in diabetic rats. The oral administration of EAPh, at doses of 800 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg body weight, reduced for 60 min, in a dose-dependent manner, the release of hepatic glucose in normoglycemic rats. Moreover, for 90 days of treatment, EAPh significantly promotes the storage of hepatic glucose in diabetic rats. It appears that the aqueous extract of Pseudarthria hookeri has antidiabetic properties and acts by promoting the storage of hepatic glucose (glycogenesis), and by inhibiting the release of glucose from the liver (glycogenolysis). These results justify the use of Pseudarthria hookeri in traditional medicine to effectively treat diabetes

Propriétés Antidiarrhéiques de L’extrait Aqueux de Solanum Torvum (Solanaceae) chez le Rat de Souche Wistar

En Afrique, particulièrement en Côte d’Ivoire, Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) est couramment utilisé en médecine traditionnelle pour le traitement de plusieurs pathologies, entre autre la diarrhée. En vue de contribuer à la valorisation des plantes médicinales par l’établissement de bases scientifiques justifiant leurs utilisations en médecine traditionnelle, cette étude est menée sur Solanum torvum (Solanaceae). La diarrhée est une pathologie mortelle, considérée par l’OMS comme un problème de santé publique. Le but de cette étude est principalement d’évaluer, chez des rats, le potentiel antidiarrhéique d’un extrait aqueux de feuilles de Solanum torvum (EASt). Pour cela, des rats sont prétraités avec l’EASt avant de recevoir par voie orale de l’huile de ricin, puis leurs crottes diarrhéiques sont comptées. Leur intestin est isolé et vidé pour déterminer le volume du contenu intestinal. La durée du transit intestinal est aussi mesurée grâce au charbon actif utilisé comme marqueur. Cette étude montre que, sur des rats rendus diarrhéique, l’EASt administré par voie orale aux doses de 150 et 250 mg/kg PC réduit de façon dose-dépendante l’apparition et le nombre de crottes diarrhéiques et, ainsi, baisse la sévérité de la diarrhée. L’EASt entraîne aussi chez ces rats une diminution du volume du contenu intestinal et une réduction de la mobilité intestinale par rapport aux témoins diarrhéiques. Ces effets de l’EASt sont similaires à ceux du lopéramide sur les crottes diarrhéiques et sur le volume du contenu intestinal de rats rendus diarrhéiques. Ces effets sont aussi semblables à celui du sulfate d’atropine sur la mobilité gastro-intestinale de rats rendus diarrhéiques. Ces actions de l’EASt indiquent que cet extrait a des propriétés antidiarrhéiques. Ces propriétés antidiarrhéiques de l’extrait aqueux de Solanum torvum justifient l’utilisation traditionnelle de cette plante contre la diarrhée. Cet extrait pourrait donc être préconisé dans le traitement de cette pathologie. In Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire, Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several pathologies, including diarrhea. In order to contribute to the promotion of medicinal plants by establishing scientific bases justifying their uses in traditionalmedicine, this study is conducted on Solanumtorvum(Solanaceae). Diarrhea is a deadly disease, considered by WHO to be a public health problem. The aim of this study is mainly to assess, in rats, the antidiarrheal potential of an aqueous extract of Solanum torvum leaves (EASt). For this, rats are pretreated with EASt before receiving castor oil by mouth, then their diarrheal droppings are counted. Their gut is isolated and emptied to determine the volume of intestinal contents. The duration of intestinal transit is also measured using activated charcoal used as a marker. This study shows that, in rats rendered diarrheal, EASt administered orally at doses of 150 and 250 mg / kg bw dose-dependent reduced the appearance and the number of droppings of diarrhea and, thus, reduced the severity diarrhea. In these rats, EASt also causes a decrease in the volume of intestinal contents and a reduction in intestinal mobility compared to the diarrheal controls. These effects of EASt are similar to those of loperamide on diarrheal droppings and on the volume of the intestinal contents of rats rendered diarrheal. These effects are also similar to that of atropine sulfate on the gastrointestinal mobility of rats with diarrhea. These EASt actions indicate that this extract has anti-diarrheal properties. These anti-diarrheal properties of the aqueous extract of Solanum torvum justify the traditional use of this plant against diarrhea. This extract could therefore be recommended in the treatment of this pathology

Aqueous Extract of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Afzel (Apocynaceae) Roots Effect on Blood Glucose Level of Normoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Rats

At 500, 700 and 1000 mg/ kg B.W., EARv causes, like glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg B.W., a reduction of blood glucose level of treated normoglycemic rats. In addition, EARv at 1000 mg/kg B.W. reducedand quickly nullifies the glucose tolerance in rats that is induced by oral administration of glucose (4 g/kg B.W.). This effect is also observed with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg B.W.). The phytochemical screening shows that EARv contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and antrhones and anthraquinones, catechin tannins, saponins and monoterpenoids. This study shows that the aqueous extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria has hypoglycemic and some antihyperglycemic properties, that justify its use in the treatment of diabetic hyperglycemia in traditional medicine.This study aims to assess the pharmacological effects of an aqueous extract roots of Rauwolfia vomitoria (EARv), a plant used in traditional medicine in the Ivory Coast to treat diabetes, on blood glucose normoglycemic rats and on glucose tolerance in rats by administration of glucose. The acute toxicity, as well as the phytochemicals present in this extract are also determined. During the experience, fives groups of rats received respectively distilled water, EARv at doses of 500, 700 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight and 10 mg/kg of glibenclamide. Then the blood glucose level of each rat was measured using a glucometer. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by oral administration of glucose at dose of 4 g/kg. The rats were pretreated or post-treated of the same doses of tests substances and blood glucose level of each rat was measured. Acute toxicity by oral administration was studied in mice and phytochemical screening was performed by thin layer chromatography. The results show that EARv administered orally at doses up to 5000 mg/kg B.W., does not cause the death of the treated mice.

Haemostatic Properties of Chrysophyllum Caïnito L. (Sapotaceae) in Wistar Rat

The measure of certain blood parameters makes it possible to detect certain pathologies such as the hemophilia and leukemia among patients. Indeed, the aggregating and antiaggreganting activity of certain substances are known. It is a question in this work of checking the effect of the aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum cainito (AECc) on blood. It is a comparative study between AECc and two products of synthesis known for purpose which are the dicynone and the aspirin in vivo in the rats wistar specie Rattus norvegicus. The time of bleeding (TB), the number of blood plates, the red blood corpuscle rate, of hemoglobin, the hematocrit and the sedimentation test (TS) were evaluated. During the first week, the evolution of the time of bleeding (TB) is not significant for all the animals. The second week and until the end of the treatment, the TB drops for the animals treated with EACc in an amount-dependant way. Thus the fall is of 4% for the amounts of 300 mg/kg b.w, 17.4% for the amounts of 500 mg/kg b.w and 30.43% for the amounts of 1000 mg/kg b.w at the end of the treatment. In the animals treated with the dicynone, the fall reaches 41.55% at the end of the thirty days of treatment. On the other hand, in the rats treated with the aspirin, the TB increases as from the second week and reached the rise of 17.40% at the end of the thirty days. On the blood plates, AECc varies their number of manner proportions dependant as of the first week on treatment. The number of blood plates increases by 07.69% and 15.38% for the amount of AECc of 300 mg/kg b.w, 15th and 30th day. The amount of 500 mg/kg b.w of AECc makes increase the number of plates of 09.89%, 21.97%, and 25.16%, respectively 5th, 15th and 30th day.The concentration of AECc of 1000 mg/kg b.w involves an increase in the plates of 22.31%, 27.36% and 33.07%, respectively with 5th, 15th and 30th day of treatment. The dicynone is managed with the rats with the amount of 500 mg/kg b.w the number of blood plates passes thus from 910±85.83 to 915±88.0, 918±87.0 then 920±92.0; 5th, 15th and 30th days of treatment is 0.55%, 0.88% and 1.09%. This variation is nonsignificant. On the other hand the aspirin managed with the rats with the amount of 500 mg/kg b.w cause a drop in the number of blood plates as of the 5th days with 900±88.2 then with 889±82.2 15th and 750±80.6 the 30th. These drops successive represent rates by -1%,-2.30% and -17.58%. The other factors such as the number of red blood corpuscles the rate of hemoglobin, the hematocrit and also the sedimentation test do not vary significantly before and during the treatment

Périodes D’activités et Quelques Aspects du Comportement des Moyens et Grands Mammifères sur Deux îles (Dafidougou et Nakolo) au Nord du Parc National de Taï, Sud-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire

Les nombreux travaux de recherche sur les mammifères du parc national de Taï se sont intéressés à sa grande partie sud. L’extrême nord du parc constitué d’un ensemble d’îles a rarement été investigué. Le présent travail essai de combler ce manque d’informations en étudiant la diversité des mammifères, leur période d’activité ainsi que quelques aspects de leur comportement sur Nakolo et Dafidougou, deux des 11 îles que constitue cette portion du parc. A cet effet, un total de 20 pièges photographiques a été installé de façon systématique sur ces deux îles. Un total de neuf espèces de mammifères a été identifié dont huit espèces sur l’île Nakolo et cinq sur Dafidougou. Cependant, l’indice de Shannon indique que la richesse en biodiversité de Dafidougou est légèrement supérieure à celle de Nakolo du fait de la grande dominance de la civette d’Afrique (Civettictis civetta) sur l’île Nakolo. Parmi les neuf espèces de mammifères détectées sur ces îles, la majorité est nocturnes, certaines sont diurnes et d’autres cathémérales. Sur le plan comportemental, les mammifères rencontrés se déplacent beaucoup, se nourrissent fréquemment et sont trè peu vigilants surtout sur l’île Dafidougou. Nous en déduisons l’existence désormais d’une quiétude et d’une tranquillité sur ces îles très anthropisées dans un passé récent.   Many research studies on mammals in Taï National Park have focused on its large southern part. The extreme north of the park, made up of a group of islands, has rarely been investigated. This work tries to fill this lack of information by studying the diversity of mammals, their period of activity as well as some aspects of their behavior on Nakolo and Dafidougou, two of the 11 islands that make up this portion of the park. To this end, a total of 20 camera traps have been systematically installed on these two islands. A total of nine species of mammals have been identified, including eight species on Nakolo Island and five on Dafidougou. However, the Shannon index indicates that the biodiversity richness of Dafidougou is slightly higher than that of Nakolo due to the great dominance of the African civet (Civettictis civetta) on Nakolo Island. Among the nine species of mammals detected on these islands, the majority are nocturnal, some are diurnal and others cathemeral. Behaviourally, the mammals encountered move around a lot, feed frequently and are not very vigilant, especially on Dafidougou Island. We deduce from this the existence now of peace and tranquility on these islands which were very anthropized in the recent past