Potensi Marungga atau Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Lokal Nusa Tenggara Timur Sebagai Komoditas Pangan Fungsional

Kotta NRE, Sitorus A. 2020. Potential of marungga or moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) local east Nusa Tenggara as a functional food commodity. In:Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-8 Tahun 2020, Palembang 20Oktober 2020. pp. xx. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Marungga or moringa is a source of functional food because it contains high nutrients and bioactive compounds. In ENT, there are two types of marungga, namely green and red marungga, which have been registered at the Center for Protection and Registration of Plant Varieties in 2019. The ENT Regional Government has compiled a Road map to develop marungga as a superior commodity. However, the development of marungga must be followed by optimal product utilization. Therefore, the purpose of writing this paper is to review marungga as a source of functional food so that people understand the importance of consuming marungga for health. This paper contains: 1) the physical characteristics of the red and green marungga from ENT; 2) The nutritional potential of marungga functional food; 3) Physiochemical properties of marungga; 4) Processed products of marungga as functional food. Based on the results of the review, marungga is a functional food commodity that is rich in functional bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, natural sugars, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids. These compounds make marungga have pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. If it is related to cases of malnutrition, ENThas the highest rate of malnutrition in Indonesia. So it is expected that the content of 40 essential nutrients in marungga can be used as complementary foods for malnutrition children

The Moderation Effect of Generation on the Relationship between Psychological Flexibility and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviour among Females

Disease prevention behaviour is essential during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. How people respond to information and regulations to control this infectious disease can be influenced by their age and generational identity. An individual with an optimal level of psychological flexibility can adapt to challenging situations more efficiently. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of generation on the relationship between psychological flexibility and COVID-19 preventive behaviour among different generational cohorts of women (baby boomers, X, Y, and Z). This relationship was rarely addressed in the literature, which is what inspired this study. Data were collected through an online survey. The responses of 834 Hungarian speaking women between the ages of 18 and 75 years old were successfully gathered. Four generational cohorts were represented in the sample population: baby boomers (age \u3e 56), X (age 41-55), Y (age 24-40), and Z (age 18-25). The moderation effect was calculated using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. A statistically significant moderation effect of generation was found on the relationship between psychological flexibility and COVID-19 prevention behaviour and the interaction added a small but significant contribution to the final model predicting preventive behaviour. In Generation Z, psychological flexibility predicted an increase in preventive behaviour, but no significant prediction was found among other generational cohorts. Females in their twenties seemed to be more engaged in COVID-19 prevention behaviour, if their psychological flexibility was higher, but failed to comply with health recommendations and safety protocols at low levels of flexibility. This study may provide a new perspective on how generational cohorts can influence the effect of psychological factors on COVID-19 preventive behaviour. Prevention of avoidance behaviours and facilitation of acceptance is definitory for psychologically flexible behaviours, while disease avoidance is crucial in prevention behaviour of COVID-19. Further research is needed to clarify our findings

The Development and Validation of COVID-19 Prevention Behaviour Scale on Female Hungarian Population

In the emergency situation of an ongoing global pandemic, disease prevention behaviour is essential. The majority of studies assess preventive behaviour through relevant unidimensional questions, but this approach is not necessarily the best way to conceptualize prevention, as health maintenance guidelines cover several different areas of possible individual precautionary and preventive practices. The aim of the study is the development and validation of a multidimensional COVID-19 prevention behaviour scale for the Hungarian speaking population (Covid-19-PBS). The items address major aspects related to preventive behaviour towards COVID-19 inspired by preliminary pandemic studies and the WHO prevention recommendations. 612 eligible female individuals were included in the study; the sample was recruited from the Hungarian general population, and participants were between the ages of 18 and 65 years old. According to preliminary studies women are more likely to engage proactively in prevention behaviour; they perceive the risk of a disease more profoundly, and even disease information seeking was more prevalent among women. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for this new scale, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis. According to our results, the model fit indices are adequate (CFI= .928, RMSEA= .064). Cronbach’s alpha was used to examine the reliability of the factors; the internal validity of the scale is good (α = .78). The final instrument contains 11 items with responses scored on a 4-point Likert scale and 3 domains: general hygiene, social distancing, and COVID-19 information-seeking behaviour. Our results have revealed that the new scale has good psychometric properties and may be a useful instrument for assessing COVID-19 preventive behaviour across women. This tool can be useful for professionals in order to develop more effective and targeted prevention programs especially in the female population, as the instrument was validated only in women up to this stage. This scale can serve the purpose of improving individual and collective adjustment to prevention regulations during the epidemic

There Is No Association Between the Number of Stent Retriever Passes and the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Transformation for Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy

Background: Previous research has focused on the association between hemorrhagic transformation (HT) incidence and pre-procedural variables (i.e., baseline variables) rather than the association between HT incidence and endovascular treatment (EVT) procedural variables (e.g., stent retriever passes). Objective: To assess the association, if any, that exists between the number of stent retriever passes per procedure and the incidence of HT for patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: An endovascular database from a comprehensive stroke center was used to collect data on EVT patients treated with Trevo, Solitaire, or Penumbra stent retrievers from the years 2012 to 2017. Statistical analyses were conducted on the stent retriever passes, demographics, morbidities, medication usage, and outcomes and their association with HT. Results: Of the 329 total patients, 46 (14%) had HT. The HT group had an average [SD] of 1.65 [0.67] and range of [1–3] passes per procedure while the non-HT group had an average [SD] of 1.63 [0.86] and range of [1–5] passes per procedure. Admission NIHSS score (p = 0.0003) and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.05) were significantly higher in the HT group. Subdividing HT into symptomatic and asymptomatic ICH groups failed to display significant differences in the distribution of the stent retriever passes (p = 0.969). The number of passes failed to show any association with HT (p = 0.804) while admission NIHSS score was found to have an OR of 1.07 (95%CI: 1.029–1.121, p = 0.001) with HT incidence. Conclusion: No significant association was found between HT incidence and the stent retriever passes. Further multicenter studies are warranted to corroborate our results

There is no difference in safety and efficacy with Tirofiban or Eptifibatide for patients undergoing treatment of large vessel occlusion and underlying intracranial atherosclerosis

Background Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and acute stenting and angioplasty is a topic consistently debated due to concerns over safety and efficacy. Tirofiban is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa used throughout the world now more commonly used during MT. We report the analysis of all AIS patients treated with Eptifibatide + MT vs. Tirofiban + MT. Methods Using a prospectively collected endovascular database at a CSC between 2013 and 2019, workflow, and outcomes were recorded. Patients are given Tirofiban, and patients given Eptifibatide were analyzed to obtain baseline demographics, modified Ranking Scale (mRS) at discharge, and 90 days follow up, pre and post thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI), mortality rate, and hemorrhage rates. Results A total of 571 MT patients were treated: of those, 89 patients (average age 69.25 ± 14.21, 25.84% female) with underlying intracranial atherosclerosis were treated with a GpIIb/IIIa inhibitor. Analysis of 40.45% (36/89) patients treated with Tirofiban + MT and 59.55% (53/89) patients with Eptifibatide + MT was performed. There was no statistically significant difference in NIHSS upon admission (p = .441). Four patients (11.11%) in the Tirofiban + MT cohort had symptomatic hemorrhage versus four patients (7.55%) in the Eptifibatide + MT cohort (p = .564). There was no significant difference in mortality (p = .573) or final recanalization (p = .678) between the two cohorts. Conclusion Tirofiban use in MT does not increase the risk of symptomatic hemorrhages or mortality compared to Eptifibatide use in MT with acute stenting. Large prospective studies are warranted to confirm the safety/efficacy of Tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy and acute stenting

Ecological impacts of invading seaweeds: A meta-analysis of their effects at different trophic levels

Aim Biological invasions are among the main threats to biodiversity. To promote a mechanistic understanding of the ecological impacts of non-native seaweeds, we assessed how effects on resident organisms vary according to their trophic level. Location Global. Methods We performed meta-analytical comparisons of the effects of non-native seaweeds on both individual species and communities. We compared the results of analyses performed on the whole dataset with those obtained from experimental data only and, when possible, between rocky and soft bottoms. Results Meta-analyses of data from 100 papers revealed consistent negative effects of non-native seaweeds across variables describing resident primary producer communities. In contrast, negative effects of seaweeds on consumers emerged only on their biomass and, limited to rocky bottoms, diversity. At the species level, negative effects were consistent across primary producers' response variables, while only the survival of consumers other than herbivores or predators (e.g. deposit/suspension feeders or detritivores) decreased due to invasion. Excluding mensurative data, negative effects of seaweeds persisted only on resident macroalgal communities and consumer species survival, while switched to positive on the diversity of rocky-bottom consumers. However, negative effects emerged for biomass and, in rocky habitats, density of consumers other than herbivores or predators. Main conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that seaweeds' effects on resident biodiversity are generally more negative within the same trophic level than on higher trophic guilds. Finer trophic grouping of resident organisms revealed more complex impacts than previously detected. High heterogeneity in the responses of some consumer guilds suggests that impacts of non-native seaweeds at higher trophic levels may be more invader- and species-specific than competitive effects at the same trophic level. Features of invaded habitats may further increase variability in seaweeds' impacts. More experimental data on consumers' response to invasion are needed to disentangle the effects of non-native seaweeds from those of other environmental stressors

Integrating experimental and distribution data to predict future species patterns

Predictive species distribution models are mostly based on statistical dependence between environmental and distributional data and therefore may fail to account for physiological limits and biological interactions that are fundamental when modelling species distributions under future climate conditions. Here, we developed a state-of-the-art method integrating biological theory with survey and experimental data in a way that allows us to explicitly model both physical tolerance limits of species and inherent natural variability in regional conditions and thereby improve the reliability of species distribution predictions under future climate conditions. By using a macroalga-herbivore association (Fucus vesiculosus - Idotea balthica) as a case study, we illustrated how salinity reduction and temperature increase under future climate conditions may significantly reduce the occurrence and biomass of these important coastal species. Moreover, we showed that the reduction of herbivore occurrence is linked to reduction of their host macroalgae. Spatial predictive modelling and experimental biology have been traditionally seen as separate fields but stronger interlinkages between these disciplines can improve species distribution projections under climate change. Experiments enable qualitative prior knowledge to be defined and identify cause-effect relationships, and thereby better foresee alterations in ecosystem structure and functioning under future climate conditions that are not necessarily seen in projections based on non-causal statistical relationships alone