Desain dan Analisa Awal Struktur Rangka Manual Motorcycle Lift Dengan Menggunakan Software Ansys 17.0

Motorcycle lift, merupakan alat penunjang, yang dibutuhkan untuk mengurangi cedera otot akibat kegiatan perawatan dan perbaikan, dengan mengatur posisi tinggi rendahnya motor terhadap postur tubuh mekanik (montir). Walaupun motorcycle lift telah ada, tetapi alat tersebut menggunakan tenaga hidrolik atau pneumatik dengan listrik sebagai tenaga utama. Hal ini berpengaruh pada daerah yang tidak memiliki tenaga listrik. Selain itu pada studi ini, konstruksi motorcycle lift yang didesain menggunakan software Ansys 17.0. Dengan menggunakan software Ansys, analisa desain struktur lebih detail dan dapat melihat titik kritis lebih detail. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mendesain dan menganalisa konstruksi manual motorcycle lift untuk daerah yang belum memiliki jalur listrik. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode simulasi dengan software Ansys 17.0. Parameter yang digunakan adalah beban 3600 N, panjang alat 180 cm, lebar 78 cm, dan tinggi maksimum 60 cm. Material yang digunakan adalah baja konstruksi (karbon rendah). Bahan digunakan adalah baja konstruksi (baja karbon rendah). Analisa konstruksi terbagi atas 3 posisi ketinggian kritis, yaitu minimum ketinggian (120 mm), medium ketinggian (360 mm), dan maksimum ketinggian (600 mm). Tegangan dan regangan equivlen untuk masing-masing ketinggian dianalisa menggunakan Sofware Ansys 17.0 tersebut. Nilai maksimum terdapat pada daeran pin.The motorcycle lift is an equipment that is needed to reduce muscle injuries due to maintenance and repair activities by adjusting the height position of a motorbike to the mechanic's posture. Even though several motorcycle lifts have been produced, they use hydraulic or pneumatic with electricity as their primary power. This condition affects areas that do not have electricity. Also, in this study, the construction of the motorcycle lift is designed using Ansys 17.0 software. By using Ansys software, structural design analysis is more detailed, and the critical points are detailed. This study's aim is to design and analyze the manual construction of a motorcycle lift for areas that do not have electric lines. The research method was used is a simulation method with Ansys 17.0 software. The parameters used are 3600 N load, 180 cm tool length, 78 cm width, and 60 cm maximum height. The material used is construction steel (low carbon). The material used is construction steel (low carbon steel). Construction analysis was divided into 3 critical height positions, namely minimum height (120 mm), medium height (360 mm), and maximum height (600 mm). The equivalent stresses and strain for each height were analyzed using the Ansys 17.0 software. Maximum value were founded at pin

Understanding the Sources of Error in MBAR through Asymptotic Analysis

Multiple sampling strategies commonly used in molecular dynamics, such as umbrella sampling and alchemical free energy methods, involve sampling from multiple thermodynamic states. Commonly, the data are then recombined to construct estimates of free energies and ensemble averages using the Multistate Bennett Acceptance Ratio (MBAR) formalism. However, the error of the MBAR estimator is not well-understood: previous error analysis of MBAR assumed independent samples and did not permit attributing contributions to the total error to individual thermodynamic states. In this work, we derive a novel central limit theorem for MBAR estimates. This central limit theorem yields an error estimator which can be decomposed into contributions from the individual Markov chains used to sample the states. We demonstrate the error estimator for an umbrella sampling calculation of the alanine dipeptide in two dimensions and an alchemical calculation of the hydration free energy of methane. In both cases, the states' individual contributions to the error provide insight into the sources of error of the simulations. Our numerical results demonstrate that the time required for the Markov chain to decorrelate in individual thermodynamic states contributes considerably to the total MBAR error. Moreover, they indicate that it may be possible to use the contributions to tune the sampling and improve the accuracy of MBAR calculations.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figur

Effect of Strain on Ferroelectric Field Effect in Strongly Correlated Oxide Sm0.5Nd0.5NiO3

We report the effect of epitaxial strain on the magnitude and retention of the ferroelectric field effect in high quality PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 (PZT)/3.8-4.3 nm Sm0.5Nd0.5NiO3 (SNNO) heterostructures grown on (001) LaAlO3 (LAO) and SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. For SNNO on LAO, which exhibits a first-order metal-insulator transition (MIT), switching the polarization of PZT induces a 10 K shift in the transition temperature TMI, with a maximum resistance change between the on and off states of Δ/on ~75%. In sharp contrast, only up to 5% resistance change has been induced in SNNO on STO, where the MIT is second-order, with the modulation of TMI negligibly small. We also observe thermally activated retention of the off state resistance Roff in both systems, with the activation energy of 22 meV (28 meV) for devices on LAO (STO). The time dynamics and thermal response of the field effect instability points to phonon-assisted interfacial trapping of charged mobile defects, which are attributed to strain induced oxygen vacancies. At room temperature, Roff stabilizes at ~55% and ~19% of the initial switching levels for SNNO on LAO and STO, respectively, reflecting the significantly different oxygen vacancy densities in these two systems. Our results reveal the critical role of strain in engineering and modeling the complex oxide composite structures for nanoelectronic and spintronic applications

Optimization of SI Engine Performance Operating with Low Octane Gasoline and Fuel Additives from Waste

Fuel additives from waste have been suggested to enhance low octane commercial gasoline in this study. Four samples were prepared in addition to pure commercial gasoline and denoted as GF0, GF4, GF8, GF12, and GF 16 which refer to fusel oil addition ratio of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12, and 16% respectively. Engine speed was controlled and increased manually from 1000 rpm to 3000 rpm at an increment of 500 rpm. Design of experiments is used to indicate the optimum additive dosage through response surface method optimization. Obtained results show that increasing engine speed significantly impacts the engine brake power, brake-specific fuel consumption, and brake thermal efficiency with a slight change for fusel oil ratio. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the maximum increase in output variables is statistically linked with the engine speed. The output response values at optimized conditions were 2.61812 kW brake power, 0.2431 kg/kW.hr brake-specific fuel consumption, and 36.5303% brake thermal efficiency. Based on the P-value, ANOVA data indicate that engine speed was a significant factor influencing output responses, while the fusel oil ratio was insignificant. However, fusel oil ratio of 8% has a significant effect on the brake thermal efficiency and BSFC. © 2022 Obed Majeed Ali et al

Atmospheric trajectories and light curves of shower meteors

Wetensch. publicatieFaculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappe

Pengaruh Variasi Tegangan dan Waktu Terhadap Kekerasan Lapisan Nikel dengan Metode Electroplating pada Coran Aluminium scrap

Abstrak Aluminium banyak digunakan dalam dunia industri karena sifatnya yang ringan, ketahanan korosi yang baik serta konduktivitas panas dan listrik yang tinggi. Kekerasannya yang tidak begitu tinggi dan penampilan yang kurang menarik perlu diperbaiki, yang salah satunya dengan melapisi aluminium dengan Nikel melalui proses electroplating. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tegangan dan waktu pelapisan Nikel pada pengecoran aluminium scrap. Spesimen terbuat dari coran velg bekas dengan ukuran 30 mm x 30 mm x 10 mm . Aluminium dilapisi Nikel dengan proses electroplating dengan tegangan 3 volt, 4,5 volt, dan 6 volt. Dengan variasi waktu pelapisan 5, 10 dan 15 menit. Setelah dilapisi, dilakukan pengujian kekerasan mikro dengan metode pengujian Vickers dengan beban 10 gr dan ditahan 10 s. Hasil pengujian menunjukan adanya kenaikan  nilai kekerasan pelapisan nikel seiring dengan meningkatnya tegangan listrik dan waktu. Pada tegangan listrik 3 volt sebesar 10,4 % - 15,9 %, tegangan listrik 4,5 volt sebesar 4,62 % - 14,3 %, dan tegangan listrik 6 volt sebesar 24,8 % - 84,2 %

Beyond the 'Grid-Lock' in Electricity Interconnectors: The Case of Germany and Poland

The common European electricity market requires both market integration and transmission grid expansion, including trans-border interconnectors. Although the benefits of increased interconnectivity are widely acknowledged, expansion of interconnectors is often very slow. This paper gathers insights on the reasons behind this grid-lock drawing on the study of the German-Polish border. Although two interconnectors already exist, the trade is blocked by unplanned electricity loop flows. A third interconnector has been discussed for years, but saw little progress in spite of declarations of support on both sides. Drawing on the existing literature on the topic of grid expansion we identify four hypotheses for the grid-lock: inadequate financing; diverging interests; governance and administration problems; and different actors' motivations, trust and security perceptions. We evaluate them using the empirical material gathered through document analysis and stakeholder interviews conducted in Germany and Poland. None of the hypotheses on its own can explain the gridlock. However, while financing has not been a major obstacle, divergent interests had an impact on the project delay, administrative and governance problems are a great hindrance on the technical level, while motivations influence interstate political relations and policy shaping. EU support and closer bilateral cooperation provide opportunities to address these challenges

Cardiac Alterations in Human African Trypanosomiasis (T.b. gambiense) with Respect to the Disease Stage and Antiparasitic Treatment

In Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), neurological symptoms dominate and cardiac involvement has been suggested. Because of increasing resistance to the available drugs for HAT, new compounds are desperately needed. Evaluation of cardiotoxicity is one parameter of drug safety, but without knowledge of the baseline heart involvement in HAT, cardiologic findings and drug-induced alterations will be difficult to interpret. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a tool to evaluate cardiac involvement and the risk of arrythmias. We analysed the ECG of 465 HAT patients and compared them with the ECG of 61 healthy volunteers. In HAT patients the QTc interval was prolonged. This comprises a risk of fatal arrhythmias if new drugs with antiarrhythmic potential will be used. Further, repolarization changes and low voltage were more frequent than in healthy controls. This could be explained by an inflammation of the heart. Treatment of HAT was associated with appearance of repolarization changes but not with a QTc prolongation. These changes appear to be associated with the disease, but not with a specific drug. The main conclusion of this study is that heart involvement is frequent in HAT and mostly well tolerated. However, it can become relevant, if new compounds with antiarrhythmic potential will be used