59 research outputs found
High-speed metasurface modulator using critically coupled bimodal plasmonic resonance
Free-space electro-optic (EO) modulators operating at gigahertz and beyond
are attractive for a wide range of emerging applications, including high-speed
imaging, free-space optical communication, microwave photonics, and diffractive
computing. Here we experimentally demonstrate a high-speed plasmonic
metasurface EO modulator operating at a near-infrared wavelength range with a
gigahertz modulation bandwidth. To achieve efficient intensity modulation of
reflected light from an ultrathin metasurface layer, we utilize the bimodal
plasmonic resonance inside a subwavelength metal-insulator-metal grating, which
is precisely tuned to satisfy the critical coupling condition. As a result,
perfect absorption of -27 dB (99.8%) and a high quality (Q) factor of 113 are
obtained at a resonant wavelength of 1650 nm. By incorporating an EO polymer
inside the grating, we achieve a modulation depth of up to 9.5 dB under an
applied voltage of 30 V. The 3-dB modulation bandwidth is confirmed to be
1.25 GHz, which is primarily limited by the undesired contact resistance. Owing
to the high electrical conductivity of metallic gratings and a compact device
structure with a minimal parasitic capacitance, the demonstrated device can
potentially operate at several tens of gigahertz, which opens up exciting
opportunities for ultrahigh-speed active metasurface devices in various
applications.Comment: Main text: 18 pages, 3 figures, 39 references Supplementary material:
3 pages, 2 figures
Low-Altitude Hyperspectral Imaging of Naruko Integrated Field for the Interpretation of High-Altitude Observations (Understanding for each and integrated ecosystem using remote sensing, 6th International Symposium on Integrated Field Science)
Real-world effectiveness and safety analysis of carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone and carfilzomib-dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter retrospective analysis
Background: Little is known about the real-world survival benefits and safety profiles of carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) and carfilzomib-dexamethasone (Kd). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate their efficacy and safety in 157 patients registered in the Kansai Myeloma Forum database. Results: A total of 107 patients received KRd. Before KRd, 99% of patients had received bortezomib (54% were refractory disease), and 82% had received lenalidomide (57% were refractory disease). The overall response rate (ORR) was 68.2%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.8 and 29.3 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that reduction of the carfilzomib dose and non-IgG M protein were significantly associated with lower PFS and reduction of the carfilzomib dose and refractoriness to prior bortezomib-based regimens were significantly associated with lower OS. A total of 50 patients received Kd. Before Kd, 96% of patients had received bortezomib (54% were refractory disease). The ORR was 62.0%. The median PFS and OS were 7.1 and 20.9 months, respectively. Based on the multivariate analysis, reduction of the carfilzomib dose and International Staging System Stage III (ISS III) were significantly associated with lower PFS. Grade III or higher adverse events were observed in 48% of KRd cases and 54% of Kd cases. Cardiovascular events, cytopenia, and infections were frequent, and 4 KRd patients died due to heart failure, arrhythmia, cerebral hemorrhage, and pneumonia. Conclusion: Our analysis showed that an adequate dose of carfilzomib is important for achieving the best survival benefits in a real-world setting. Adverse effects after KRd and Kd therapy should also be considered
Monocyte or white blood cell counts and β<sub>2</sub> microglobulin predict the durable efficacy of daratumumab with lenalidomide
BACKGROUND: Daratumumab is one of the most widely used treatments for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, not all patients achieve a lasting therapeutic response with daratumumab. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a durable response to daratumumab could be predicted by the balance between the MM tumor burden and host immune status. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective study using the real-world data in the Kansai Myeloma Forum (KMF) database. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 324 relapsed/refractory MM patients who were treated with daratumumab in the KMF database. RESULTS: In this study, 196 patients were treated with daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (DLd) regimen and 128 patients were treated with daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (DBd) regimen. The median age at treatment, number of prior treatment regimens and time-to-next-treatment (TTNT) were 68, 4 and 8.02 months, respectively. A multivariate analysis showed that the TTNT under the DLd regimen was longer with either higher monocyte counts (analysis 1), higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (analysis 2), lower β2 microglobulin (B2MG < 5.5 mg/L) or fewer prior regimens (<4). No parameters were correlated with TTNT under the DBd regimen. CONCLUSION: We propose a simple scoring model to predict a durable effect of the DLd regimen by classifying patients into three categories based on either monocyte counts (0 points for ⩾200/μl; 1 point for <200/μl) or WBC counts (0 points for ⩾3500/μl; 1 point for <3500/μl) plus B2MG (0 points for <5.5 mg/L; 1 point for ⩾5.5 mg/L). Patients with a score of 0 showed significantly longer TTNT and significantly better survival compared to those with a score of 1 or 2 (both p < 0.001). To confirm this concept, our results will need to be validated in other cohorts
- …