The effect of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components on gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.)

U radu je ispitivano delovanje alkoholnih rastvora etarskih ulja anisa, mirođije i morača i njihovih dominantnih komponenata trans-anetola i karvona na gusenice gubara (Lymantria dispar L.). Antifidna aktivnost etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.1, 0.5 i 1.0 % ispitivana je u dva odvojena ogleda, ogledu bez izbora i ogledu sa izborom. Ispitivanje je vršeno na gusenicama drugog stupnja, a rezultati ogleda su očitavani nakon 48 časova od početka ogleda. Rezidualna kontaktna i digestivna toksičnost etarskih ulja anisa, mirođije i morača i njihovih dominantnih komponenata primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 %, ispitivana je na gusenicama gubara drugog stupnja. Pored mortaliteta gusenica, praćen je i uticaj navedenih toksičnosti na presvlačenje gusenica iz drugog u treći larveni stupanj. Ogledi u kojima je ispitivan uticaj toksičnosti ispitivanih etarskih ulja i nihovih dominantnih komponenata na mortalitet i zaustavljanje presvlačenja gusenica trajali su 120 časova, a rezultati su očitavani na svaka 24 časa. Delovanje ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata, primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.1, 0.25 i 0.5 %, na indekse rasta i ishrane gusenica gubara četvrtog stupnjsa sagledavano je u ogledima za ispitivanja njihovog uticaja na relativnu brzine rasta gusenica (RGR), relativnu brzinu konzumacije hrane gusenica (RCR), efikasnost asimilacije hrane kod gusenica (AD) i efikasnosti konverzije unete i svarene hrane kod gusenica (ECI i ECD). Rezultati ogleda su očitavani nakon 48 časova od početka ogleda. Za poređenje rezultata je korišćeno biološko sredstvo NeemAzal (standard). Statistička obrada podataka izvršena je uz pomoć softverskog paketa Statistica 7.0. (StatSoft, Inc). Analizom dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je da dobru antifidnu aktivnost poseduju etarsko ulje anisa i njegova dominantna komponenta trans-anetol primenjeni u koncentraciji 1.0 %. Rezidualna kontaktna toksičnost ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponata nije konstatovana, a njihov uticaj na zaustavljanje presvlačenja gusenica nije zadovoljavajuć. Visoku digestivnu toksičnost koja dovodi do mortaliteta 100 % gusenica ili 100 % zaustavljanja presvlačenja gusenica, ukoliko nisu sve gusenice uginule, poseduju ispitivana etarska ulja primenjena u koncentraciji 1.0 %, trans-anetol primenjen u koncentracijama 0.5 i 1.0 % i karvon primenjen u koncentracijama 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 %. Indeksi rasta i ishrane gusenica gubara su primenom ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata značajno sniženi. Primenjena sredstva imaju značajan uticaj na snižavanje relativne brzine rasta gusenica (RGR), relativne brzine konzumacije hrane gusenica (RCR), koeficijent asimilacije hrane kod gusenica (AD) i efikasnosti konverzije unete i svarene hrane u biomasu gusenica (ECI i ECD)...In this work the influence of ethanol solutions of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components trans-anethole and carvone on gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.) was tested. Antifeedant activity of essential oils and their dominant components applied in concentrantions 0.1, 0.5 i 1.0 % was tested in two separate tests, no choice and choice feeding ones. The testing was done on the second instar and the results of the experiments were recorded 48 h after the beginning of the experiment. Residual concant and digestive toxicity of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components applied in concentrations 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 % were tested on the second instar gypsy moth larvae. The influence of mentioned toxicity on moulting from the second to the third instar was followed, too. The influence of toxicity of essential oils and their dominant components on mortality and disturbing moulting was evaluated after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after the beginning of the experiment. The influence of tested essential oils and their dominant components applied in concentrations 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 % on growth and feeding indices of the fourth insters was tested in the asseys about their influence on relative growth rate (RGR), relative consuption rate (RCR), aproximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI), as well as efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD). The results were recorded 48 h after the beginning of the experiment. Botanical standard NeemAzal was used for comparing results. Statistical data proccesing was done by softer Statistica 7.0. The analyzying of the results confirmed that essential oil of anise and its dominant component tras-anethole applied in concentration 1.0 % possess good antifeedant activity. Residual contact toksicity of tested essential oils and their dominant components as well as their influence on disturbing moulting was not satisfied. Tested essential oils applied in concentration 1.0 % possess high digestive toxicity which causes 100 % larvae mortality or 100 % inhibits moulting. Tras-anthpole posses the same effect in concentrations 0.5 and 1.0 % as well as carvone in concentrations 25, 0.5 and 1.0 %. Applied compounds have significant influence on relative growth rate (RGR), relative consuption rate (RCR), aproximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI), as well as efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD). They are most effective in concentracion 0.5 % and carvone, in average, has significantly bigger influence in comparison with other applied compounds..

The effect of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components on gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.)

U radu je ispitivano delovanje alkoholnih rastvora etarskih ulja anisa, mirođije i morača i njihovih dominantnih komponenata trans-anetola i karvona na gusenice gubara (Lymantria dispar L.). Antifidna aktivnost etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.1, 0.5 i 1.0 % ispitivana je u dva odvojena ogleda, ogledu bez izbora i ogledu sa izborom. Ispitivanje je vršeno na gusenicama drugog stupnja, a rezultati ogleda su očitavani nakon 48 časova od početka ogleda. Rezidualna kontaktna i digestivna toksičnost etarskih ulja anisa, mirođije i morača i njihovih dominantnih komponenata primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 %, ispitivana je na gusenicama gubara drugog stupnja. Pored mortaliteta gusenica, praćen je i uticaj navedenih toksičnosti na presvlačenje gusenica iz drugog u treći larveni stupanj. Ogledi u kojima je ispitivan uticaj toksičnosti ispitivanih etarskih ulja i nihovih dominantnih komponenata na mortalitet i zaustavljanje presvlačenja gusenica trajali su 120 časova, a rezultati su očitavani na svaka 24 časa. Delovanje ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata, primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.1, 0.25 i 0.5 %, na indekse rasta i ishrane gusenica gubara četvrtog stupnjsa sagledavano je u ogledima za ispitivanja njihovog uticaja na relativnu brzine rasta gusenica (RGR), relativnu brzinu konzumacije hrane gusenica (RCR), efikasnost asimilacije hrane kod gusenica (AD) i efikasnosti konverzije unete i svarene hrane kod gusenica (ECI i ECD). Rezultati ogleda su očitavani nakon 48 časova od početka ogleda. Za poređenje rezultata je korišćeno biološko sredstvo NeemAzal (standard). Statistička obrada podataka izvršena je uz pomoć softverskog paketa Statistica 7.0. (StatSoft, Inc). Analizom dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je da dobru antifidnu aktivnost poseduju etarsko ulje anisa i njegova dominantna komponenta trans-anetol primenjeni u koncentraciji 1.0 %. Rezidualna kontaktna toksičnost ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponata nije konstatovana, a njihov uticaj na zaustavljanje presvlačenja gusenica nije zadovoljavajuć. Visoku digestivnu toksičnost koja dovodi do mortaliteta 100 % gusenica ili 100 % zaustavljanja presvlačenja gusenica, ukoliko nisu sve gusenice uginule, poseduju ispitivana etarska ulja primenjena u koncentraciji 1.0 %, trans-anetol primenjen u koncentracijama 0.5 i 1.0 % i karvon primenjen u koncentracijama 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 %. Indeksi rasta i ishrane gusenica gubara su primenom ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata značajno sniženi. Primenjena sredstva imaju značajan uticaj na snižavanje relativne brzine rasta gusenica (RGR), relativne brzine konzumacije hrane gusenica (RCR), koeficijent asimilacije hrane kod gusenica (AD) i efikasnosti konverzije unete i svarene hrane u biomasu gusenica (ECI i ECD)...In this work the influence of ethanol solutions of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components trans-anethole and carvone on gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.) was tested. Antifeedant activity of essential oils and their dominant components applied in concentrantions 0.1, 0.5 i 1.0 % was tested in two separate tests, no choice and choice feeding ones. The testing was done on the second instar and the results of the experiments were recorded 48 h after the beginning of the experiment. Residual concant and digestive toxicity of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components applied in concentrations 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 % were tested on the second instar gypsy moth larvae. The influence of mentioned toxicity on moulting from the second to the third instar was followed, too. The influence of toxicity of essential oils and their dominant components on mortality and disturbing moulting was evaluated after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after the beginning of the experiment. The influence of tested essential oils and their dominant components applied in concentrations 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 % on growth and feeding indices of the fourth insters was tested in the asseys about their influence on relative growth rate (RGR), relative consuption rate (RCR), aproximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI), as well as efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD). The results were recorded 48 h after the beginning of the experiment. Botanical standard NeemAzal was used for comparing results. Statistical data proccesing was done by softer Statistica 7.0. The analyzying of the results confirmed that essential oil of anise and its dominant component tras-anethole applied in concentration 1.0 % possess good antifeedant activity. Residual contact toksicity of tested essential oils and their dominant components as well as their influence on disturbing moulting was not satisfied. Tested essential oils applied in concentration 1.0 % possess high digestive toxicity which causes 100 % larvae mortality or 100 % inhibits moulting. Tras-anthpole posses the same effect in concentrations 0.5 and 1.0 % as well as carvone in concentrations 25, 0.5 and 1.0 %. Applied compounds have significant influence on relative growth rate (RGR), relative consuption rate (RCR), aproximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI), as well as efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD). They are most effective in concentracion 0.5 % and carvone, in average, has significantly bigger influence in comparison with other applied compounds..

Analiza primene samonarezujuće antirotacione fiksacije u hirurškom tretmanu preloma vrata butne kosti

The subject of our scientific research is analysis of the use of self-tapping аntirotation screw fixation in surgical treatment of femoral neck fracture. The main objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of the internal fixation of femoral neck fracture fixation self-tapping antirotation screw fixation (SAF method) in relation to the other surgical implants (free cancellous screws thickness of 6.5/7,3 mm, dynamic compression plate with or without derotation screw), and to assess the efficacy of SAF methods in relation to the clinical characteristics of a fracture in a group of patients who are surgically treated with self-tapping antirotation screws. The research results indicate that the duration of the surgery statistically significantly shorter in the group of patients in which the SAF method made in relation to the group which were applied other implants. It was found that dynamization of the implant (higher or equal to 10 mm), significantly was higher in patients treated with other surgical implants, and that the tip apex distance and VAS significantly were higher in patients who were treated with other surgical methods as compared to patients in which was performed SAF method of fixation. By analyzing the results obtained during the two-year follow-up of patients in our reaserch study, showed statistically significant difference in the incidence of aseptic necrosis, as a late complications of surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures, among the examined groups of patients. The incidence of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head was significantly more frequent in the group of patients operated by other surgical implants.Based on the results obtained in our series, it can be concluded that the method of self-tapping antirotation screw fixation (SAF method) has a reasonable clinical use compared to other implants, and can be considered as reliable method of internal fixation nondislocated and dislocated femoral neck fractures

Contact application of Lamiaceae botanicals reduces bean weevil infestation in stored beans

The bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Say) is a serious pest of stored bean seeds. Bean weevil control relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides. In the search for a sustainable alternative, the residual contact toxicity and anti-oviposition activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oils as well as their dominant components (thymol, alpha-pinene, 1,8-cineole and linalool) were tested against A. obtectus adults. Out of the seven tested botanicals, T. vulgaris oil, thymol and linalool exhibited the highest toxic potential (>90% mortality). Females were less susceptible than males. The insecticidal activity of these botanicals was much greater when they were applied on glass compared to direct application to the bean. All tested botanicals reduced oviposition by bean weevil females. T. vulgaris oil, thymol and a-pinene also deterred bean weevil oviposition, as revealed by a two-choice test. Our research shows that T. vulgaris oil and thymol are promising and sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides for protecting stored beans against the bean weevil

Ecologically acceptable usage of derivatives of essential oil of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum, as antifeedants against larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

Ethanol solutions of five fractions obtained from essential oil of sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) (F1-F5) were tested for their antifeedant properties against 2nd instar gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in laboratory non-choice and feeding-choice experiments. Prior to bioassays, the chemical composition of each fraction was determined by gas chromatography analyses. Significant larval deterrence from feeding was achieved by application of tested solutions to fresh leaves of the host plant. The most effective were F1 (0.5%), F4 (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5%), and F5 (0.1 and 0.5%), which provided an antifeedant index > 80% after five days. A low rate of larval mortality was observed in no-choice bioassay. In situ screening of chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of plant stress level (assessed by the induced fluorometry) confirmed that the tested compounds did not cause alternations in the photosynthetic efficiency of treated leaves

Desperate times call for desperate measures: Short-term use of the common ash tree by gypsy moth larvae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) under density and starvation stress

Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) feeds on a large number of tree species, while ash, Fraxinus spp. (Lamiales: Oleaceae) species are considered resistant and are only sporadically eaten. To assess the conditions under which late instar gypsy moth larvae (GML) can temporarily use non-host common ash (CA) (F. excelsior L.), and to evaluate their ability to recover from ingestion of this toxic food, we determined the relative growth rate, the relative consumption rate and the amount of produced feces in different laboratory feeding trials. Our report is the first to show that under specific circumstances, the resources acquired after short-term consumption of CA leaves can be utilized for larval growth. We varied the intensity of density and starvation stress prior to feeding on CA leaves. We observed that after moderate stress a group of GML was temporarily capable of coping with CA leaves. Although observed growth and consumption were much lower on CA than on the optimal host oak, Quercus cerris L. (Fagales: Fagaceae), CA-oak-switched larvae showed the ability to recover from short-term use of a toxic non-host foliage. This suggests that feeding on CA might enable GML to survive under conditions of food shortage

Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire (CDQ-24): Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation in Serbian Patients

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validation of the translated and culturally adapted CDQ-24 questionnaire on a group of Serbian patients. The study was comprised of 100 consecutive patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) and blepharospasm (BSP) who were evaluated at the Institute of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade between March and June 2007. The linguistic validation of CDQ-24 involved 3 steps, according to an internationally accepted methodology. Most of the patients with CD and BSP accepted the CDQ-24 questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.81 to 0.97. The mean total score of the CDQ-24 was 35.6±23.5. Patients with BSP had better HRQoL scores in the Pain subscale (p=0.025) compared with CD patients. However, patients with CD had better HRQoL sores in the Activities of Daily Living subscale (p=0.028) compared with BSP patients. Statistically significant positive correlations were registered between the Dystonia Movement Scale score and almost all CDQ-24 scales. The Serbian version of CDQ-24 should be recommended for HRQoL evaluation among patients with CD and BSP as an important outcome measure

Long-Term Functional Outcomes after 10 Years of Bilateral Cochlear Implantat Use

The aims were to determine the benefit of bilateral cochlear implantation in a 20 years old patient implanted in Croatia on hearing and speech development. The male patient, after 10 years of deafness, got cochlear implants Med-EL Combi 40+ on both sides in one-stage surgery. The etiology of his deafness was posttraumatic meningitis. Auditory capacity and speech recognition tests were performed for both ears separately and together. Average hearing level on the right ear with right cochlear implant switched on started at 62 dB 1 month after the cochlear implantation and was on 55 dB after 10 years. Average hearing level on the left ear with left cochlear implant switched on started at 55 dB 1 month after the cochlear implantation and was on 32 dB after 10 years. Average hearing level on the both ears with 2 cochlear implants switched on started at 35 dB 1 month after the cochlear implantation and was on 27 dB after 10 years. Long- -term functional outcomes with bilateral cochlear implantation provides advantages over unilateral implantation including improved hearing level, speech perception in noise and improved sound localization