Residents’ perceptions of tourism and their implications for policy development: evidence from rural Poland

Academics and policy-makers have long been interested in understanding the interplay of factors that influence resident perceptions of local tourism development. This article reports the results of a study that is both methodologically and contextually novel. It uses the chi-square automatic interaction detection method (CHAID), which is usually associated with other fields, most notably consumer marketing, to examine residents’ perceptions of tourism development in rural Poland. It contributes to the literature by revealing the need to segment residents appropriately and highlights which constituencies in rural communities are most likely to be positively (and negatively) disposed toward tourism. This creates opportunities for more nuanced policy interventions

The Negative Effects of Tourism Development in the Perception of Residents of Different Types of Rural Communities

The main objective of the article is to determine the perception of negative effects of tourism development observed among the residents of different types of rural communities. In the paper, it is assumed that negative effects of tourism development can be perceived by the residents of tourist resorts from the economic, social, cultural and environmental points of view. Having verified previously taken hypotheses, it has been found out that significant statistical differences observed in the perception of tourism development among the residents of different types of rural communities merely concern goods and services prices rise, which appears to be the only negative effect of tourism development perceived by the residents of the particular community. Furthermore, no statistically important relationship between the influence of tourism development on the respondents’ income and their perception of its negative effects analysed here, has been found

New trends in tourism research - A Polish perspective

This Monograph is composed with selected articles of PhD students from many Polish universities. These articles are a selection of papers submitted to the II International Conference of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 2014 (EJTHR 2014), that took place in Poznan (Poland), on 19th -21st May, 2014. The Conference was co-organized by the following entities: - GITUR – Tourism Research Unit of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (Portugal) - European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation - EJTHR - University School of Physical Education in Poznan (Poland) - University of Economy in Bydgoszcz (Poland)The monograph “New Trends in Tourism Research - A Polish Perspective” is just one of three outcomes of the II International Conference promoted in Poznan, Poland (19th – 21st May 2014) that was organised by EJTHR - European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation2. The uniqueness of this publication is the fact that all the selected articles are authored by Polish Ph.D. students from many universities, choosing tourism as their main research subject. As a mechanism that works flawlessly, the international conferences organized by the EJTHR are meant to work as a leverage in promoting tourism research, particularly in the host country. This way, a significant amount of Polish young people doing their first steps in Tourism Research were challenged to present their studies in the conference and to publish heir papers after double-blind peer review process. As a result, a total of seventeen authored by twenty four PhD students were selected for publishing in this monograph.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effect of peripheral blood lymphocyte stimulation on zeta chain expression and IL-2 production in Hodgkin's disease

It has been reported that peripheral blood T cells and NK cells express reduced levels of the T-cell receptor signal-transducing zeta chain in Hodgkin's disease (HD). The zeta chain has emerged as a key subunit of the T-cell antigen receptor, which plays a central role in the signal-transducing events leading to T and NK-cell activation. We were interested in determining whether the low zeta chain expression in HD could be corrected by anti-CD3, anti-CD3-rIL-2 ex vivo stimulation. Zeta chain expression was analysed by dual immunofluorescence on permeabilized cells before and after 72 hours of culture. The IL-2 concentration in the culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Zeta chain was significantly reduced on unstimulated CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells from patients in active disease compared with normal subjects. In patients in complete remission, the values were normal except for CD8+ cells, on which zeta expression remained significantly reduced. Stimulation with anti-CD3 did not change zeta expression. Co-stimulation with rIL-2 increased but did not normalize the proportions of CD4+/zeta+, CD8+/zeta+and CD56+/zeta+cells and IL-2 production in active disease. Stimulation of cells from patients in clinical remission with anti-CD3+rIL-2 increased the proportion of CD8+zeta+cells and normalized IL-2 production levels. Considering the pivotal role of CD3-zeta in immune response, our data suggest that successful immunotherapy approaches in active HD should consider inclusion of other potent cytokines, as well as genetically engineered tumour vaccines. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign www.bjcancer.co

SPA Services Distribution and Specialization in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships Communes

The objective of the article is to identify and explain the relationship between spa services distribution and spa specialization in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships spa communes. Correlation and regression analysis were used based on data from the Local Data Bank and unpublished data sets from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. In order to explain the relation between spa services distribution and spa specialization, time-series analysis was used. In five of nine researched communes (Horyniec-Zdrój, Solina, Ustka, Ciechocinek and Inowrocław) there is a functional relationship between spa services distribution and spa specialization

Circulating CD4‐positive lymphocyte levels as predictor of response to induction chemotherapy in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102107/1/hed23263.pd

Dysregulated Expression of Both the Costimulatory CD28 and Inhibitory CTLA-4 Molecules in PB T Cells of Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Suggests Systemic Immunosuppression Related to Disease Progression

Cervical cancer (CC) occurs more frequently in women who are immunosuppressed, suggesting that both local and systemic immune abnormalities may be involved in the evolution of the disease. Costimulatory CD28 and inhibitory CTLA-4 molecules expressed in T cells play a key role in the balanced immune responses. There has been demonstrated a relation between CD28, CTLA-4, and IFN genes in susceptibility to CC, suggesting their importance in CC development. Therefore, we assessed the pattern of CD28 and CTLA-4 expression in T cells from PB of CC patients with advanced CC (stages III and IV according to FIGO) compared to controls. We also examined the ability of PBMCs to secrete IFN-gamma. We found lower frequencies of freshly isolated and ex vivo stimulated CD4 + CD28+ and CD8 + CD28+ T cells in CC patients than in controls. Loss of CD28 expression was more pronounced in the CD8+ T subset. Markedly increased proportions of CTLA-4+ T cells in CC patients before and after culture compared to controls were also observed. In addition, patients’ T cells exhibited abnormal kinetics of surface CTLA-4 expression, with the peak at 24 h of stimulation, which was in contrast to corresponding normal T cells, revealing maximum CTLA-4 expression at 72 h of stimulation. Of note, markedly higher IFN-gamma concentrations were shown in supernatants of stimulated PBMCs from CC patients. Conclusions: Our report shows the dysregulated CD28 and CTLA-4 expression in PB T cells of CC patients, which may lead to impaired function of these lymphocytes and systemic immunosuppression related to disease progression