Attitudes towards domestic energy efficiency among Russian consumers : factors influencing behaviour

Masteroppgave i Energy management - Universitetet i Nordland, 201

Перспективи застосування дистанційного правосуддя після пандемії COVID-19

The article studies the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of information and communication technology while delivering justice. Rapid spread of SARS COVID-19, connected with the introduction of quarantine limitations and introduction of anti-epidemic measures greatly contributed to the development of electronic justice. The core reason for the misapprehension has been uncovered to determine the concept of electronic justice and its structure as well as the name and content of its separate elements. It also provides supporting points for the usage of the concept of remote justice on the national level, which is viewed as a separate element of electronic justice and envisages сase hearing and deciding with the help of information and communication technology without the mandatory presence at the courtroom. Previous research and court practice prove the controversial impact of remote justice on the parties’ rights and the justice efficiency. Attention is drawn to the importance of conducting scientific analysis of remote justice from the point of view of its unprecedented volume of implementation. A number of countries have adopted the system of holding remote court trials as a main form of hearing a case while other exceptions had to be conditioned. In such cases court hearings are delivered by means of audio or video conferences when the parties, their representatives, judges and court employees are outside the courtroom. In-depth study of the ways to carry out remote justice, analysis of its benefits and problematic aspects will give an opportunity to precisely assess the prospects of remote justice implementation on a regular basis particularly in Ukraine. The article justifies an idea that the assessment of the remote justice impact on the delivery of the personal right of the court protection should be carried out by means of adherence to and full implementation of constitutional principles of judicial proceedings. It is essential to characterize how completely the equality of the court trial parties is proved in front of the law and court during the remote delivery of justice; it is also applicable to the competitiveness of the parties, freedom to provide proofs to court, proving of them in front of the court, transparency of the trial etc. It has been concluded that the scientific analysis of opportunities which are provided by the independent implementation of constitutional concepts, which are held by remote justice will serve as a source of information to decide on the future volume and formats of implementation of this form of justice in Ukraine.У статті досліджено вплив пандемії COVID-19 на застосування інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій під час здійснення судочинства. Стрімке поширення гострої респіраторної хвороби COVID-19, поєднане зі встановленням карантинних обмежень і запровадженням протиепідемічних заходів, суттєво активізувало розвиток електронного правосуддя. Розкрито проблему наявності плутанини у визначенні поняття електронного правосуддя та його структури, назви, змісту окремих елементів. Наведено аргументи на користь вживання на національному рівні терміна «дистанційне правосуддя», що позначає окремий елемент електронного правосуддя, який передбачає розгляд, вирішення судової справи за допомогою інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій без необхідності присутності в залі судових засідань. З огляду на безпрецедентний масштаб застосування дистанційного правосуддя важливо проводити науковий аналіз його стану. Ретельне вивчення способів здійснення дистанційного правосуддя, аналіз його переваг і проблемних аспектів дасть змогу обґрунтовано оцінити перспективи застосування дистанційного правосуддя на постійній основі, зокрема в Україні. Аргументовано, що оцінювання впливу дистанційного правосуддя на реалізацію права особи на судовий захист слід здійснювати крізь призму дотримання та повноцінної реалізації конституційних засад судочинства. Важливо охарактеризувати, наскільки повноцінно під час здійснення правосуддя дистанційно забезпечується рівність учасників судового процесу перед законом і судом, змагальність сторін та свобода в наданні суду своїх доказів і в доведенні перед ним їх переконливості, гласність судового процесу тощо. Зроблено висновок, що науковий аналіз можливостей належної реалізації конституційних засад судочинства під час здійснення правосуддя дистанційно слугуватиме джерелом інформації обґрунтованого рішення щодо майбутніх масштабів та форматів застосування цієї форми правосуддя в Україні

The effects a rehabilitation dog has on walking balance and fear of falling in individuals with an incomplete spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND: Individuals with an incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) may experience gait instability and falls. Falls can result in injuries, a fear of falling, and reduced balance confidence which can lead to restriction of activities of daily living. Rehabilitation dogs are specially trained and certified to assist individuals with mobility impairments and have been shown to benefit walking for individuals with neurological conditions. The effects of a rehabilitation dog on walking, fear of falling, and balance confidence in individuals with an iSCI has yet to be assessed. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental research study, five individuals with an iSCI (3 females: 43-54 years; 2 males: 42-69 years) and five age- and sex- matched neurotypical individuals (control group: 3 females: 42-55 years; 2 males: 42-68 years) were recruited to participate. Participants completed normal and tandem walking trials, with and without the rehabilitation dog, while their eyes were open and closed. Outcome variables included stride velocity, relative double support time (%DS), step length, step width, mediolateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) margin of stability (MOS) average (Av). Variability was assessed for all the outcome variables using standard deviation (SD). The Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (MiniBESTest), Activity Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale), Falls Efficacy Scale – International questionnaire (FES-I), and additional questions added to the ABC and FES-I questionnaire were used to examine balance, balance confidence, and fear of falling, respectively. Visual analog scales (VAS) were included to measure participants’ perceptions of walking with the rehabilitation dog. RESULTS: Without the rehabilitation dog, participants with iSCI walked slower and with shorter steps, a smaller AP MOS Av, and a higher %DS, %DS SD, and wider steps than controls. It appeared individuals with an iSCI showed some improvements with the rehabilitation dog while the control group showed worsening when the dog was added. For iSCI participants, the rehabilitation dog reduced the impact of the eyes closed condition while walking compared to without the rehabilitation dog by decreasing their %DS (mean and SD) to a value similar to controls.. Tandem walking with the rehabilitation dog resulted in similar AP MOS Av between groups, but overall, the rehabilitation dog had minimal impact on tandem walking. The group with iSCI had a lower balance control (iSCI 17.2±9.34, control 26.8±0.80), balance confidence (iSCI 67.6±15.3, control 92.4±2.78), and increased fear of falling (iSCI 28.6±7.16, control 20.6±1.51) compared to the control group as expected. Responses to the additional questions for the ABC and FES-I suggest walking with the rehabilitation dog improved balance confidence and decreased fear of falling for individuals with an iSCI. VAS results showed both groups felt subjective improvements walking with the rehabilitation dog. CONCLUSION: Walking with the rehabilitation dog appeared to improve measures of gait and confidence in the participants with iSCI including objective (kinematic) and patient-reported outcomes. Further research is required with a larger number of participants to explore how a more experienced rehabilitation dog walk with an iSCI population and other neurological conditions

Recyling of wastes as the integral part of resource-saving and environmental protection

We believe people should use the concept of social production ecologization. That is, to implement resource saving and ecologically safe technical and environmental processes, ways and methods of rational control for environment and resource potential, owing to that environmental protection is realized. It is necessary to secure process of implementation technological system, management solutions that allow increase efficiency of natural resources use and saving of quality of environment on local, regional and global levels. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/817

Особенности развития российского рынка ипотечного жилищного кредитования в условиях неопределенности

In the article the author analyzes the key indicators of the mortgage market in Russia. The author determines the factors and directions of further development of the mortgage market. Particular attention is paid to the role of government in the process of mortgage market's development. The role of large banks and their influence on the mortgage market is also revealed in the article. Also author analyses the main lacks of mortgage lending in Russia and suggests additional measures aimed to stimulate mortgage lending.В статье анализируются ключевые показатели развития рынка ипотечного жилищного кредитования в России. Определяются факторы и направления дальнейшего развития рынка ипотечного жилищного кредитования. Выявляется роль государства в процессе становления и развития рынка ипотечного жилищного кредитования. Раскрывается роль крупных банков, и определяется их влияние на рынок жилищных кредитов. Исследуются основные недостатки ипотечного жилищного кредитования в России, а также предлагаются дополнительные меры со стороны государства по стимулированию развития рынка ипотечного жилищного кредитования

THE ANALYSIS OF THE TASKS AND ALGORITHMS OF DATA INTEGER PROCESSING IN THE RESIDUAL CLASSES SYSTEM

The coding of remainders number witch submitted the appropriate modules of residual classes system (RCS), made with data from complete system of the smallest non-negative residues (CSSNR) was showed in the article. In this aspect, CSSNR is the basis for the construction of non-positional code structure in RCS. Possible field of science and engineering, where there is an urgent need for fast, reliable and high-precision integer calculations were clarified and systematized in the paper. On the basis of studies of the properties of RCS were examined the advantages and disadvantages of using modular arithmetic (MA). Using the results of the analysis of problems of integer data and a set of positive attributes of MA, the classes of problems and algorithms, which using RCS, much more efficient binary positional numeral systems were defined in the article

Морфофункциональная характеристика отека-набухания коры головного мозга белых крыс после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы без и на фоне применения L-лизина эсцината

Aim of study The study is devoted to a morphometric assessment of the manifestations of edema-swelling of the somatosensory cortex (SSC) of the brain of white rats after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) without using L-lysine escinate and when using it as a therapeutic effect.Material and methods We stained sections with hematoxylin-eosin and performed morphometric methods. On thin (4 μm) serial frontal sections of SSC, neurons and microvessels in the control (intact animals, n=5) were examined in 1 (n= 5), 3 (n=5), 5 (n=5), 7 (n=5) and 14 (n=5) days after injury without treatment (n=25, comparison group) and with treatment (n=25, main group). In color raster images (lens x100), using the plug-in filter “Find Maxima”, maximum brightness areas (MBA) were determined , which were then analyzed using the “Analyze Particles” program from ImageJ 1.52 s. MBA corresponded to SSC sites with a high degree of hydration of nerve tissue - edema-swelling. Statistical hypotheses were tested using nonparametric criteria.Results and discussion In control animals, a low degree of hydration of SSC tissue was noted (relative area 3-8%). In the comparison group, 1 and 3 days after STBI, foci of edema-swelling covered up to 30% of SSC, in 5 days - up to 15%, in 7 days - up to 20%, in 15 - up to 18%. Significant heteromorphism and heterogeneity of changes in the neuropil around neurons and blood vessels was noted. In the dynamics of the post-traumatic period, the proportion of large foci of edema-swelling (intra- and perineuronal, perivascular) decreased. In the main group, one day after STBI, there was a statistically significantly smaller number of foci of edema-swelling and their total relative area. The values range of these variables significantly decreased. L-lysine escinat affected the water balance most effectively in the acute post-traumatic period (day 1 and 3). The drug “smoothed out” the manifestation peaks (number, focal area) of edema-swelling: the values of the studied morphometric indicators were statistically significantly different. Consequently, morphometric signs of hydropic dystrophy after STBI were detected in both studied groups during the 15 days of observation.Conclusion The degree of SSC nervous tissue hydration increased after STBI. L-lysine escinate statistically significantly reduced manifestations of hydropic dystrophy. The drug significantly affected the degree of hydration of neural tissue observed in the early post-traumatic period.Цель Исследование посвящено морфометрической оценке проявлений отека-набухания соматосенсорной коры (ССК) головного мозга белых крыс после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ТЧМТ) на фоне использования в качестве лечебного воздействия L-лизина эсцината.Методы исследования Использована окраска срезов гематоксилином-иозином и методы морфометрии. На тонких (4 мкм) серийных фронтальных срезах ССК изучены нейроны и микрососуды в контроле (интактные животные, n=5), через 1 (n=5), 3 (n=5), 5 (n=5), 7 (n=5) и 14 (n=5) суток после травмы без лечения (n=25, группа сравнения) и с лечением (n=25, основная группа). На цветных растровых изображениях (объектив х100) с помощью плагин-фильтра “Find Maxima” определяли зоны максимальной яркости, которые затем анализировали с помощью “Analyze Particles” из программы ImageJ 1.52s. Зоны соответствовали участкам ССК с высокой степенью гидратации нервной ткани - отек-набухание. Статистические гипотезы проверяли с помощью непараметрических критериев.Результаты и обсуждение У контрольных животных отмечена низкая степень гидратации нервной ткани ССК (относительная площадь 3−8%). В группе сравнения через 1 и 3 суток после ТЧМТ очаги отека-набухания охватывали до 30% ССК, через 5 суток - до 15%, через 7 суток - до 20%, через 15 - до 18%. Отмечалась значительная гетероморфность и гетерогенность изменений в нейропиле, вокруг нейронов и сосудов. В динамике посттравматического периода доля крупных очагов отека-набухания (интра- и перинейрональных, периваскулярных) снижалась. В основной группе через одни сутки после ТЧМТ было статистически значимо меньшее количество очагов отека-набухания и их общая относительная площадь была меньше, чем в группе сравнения. Значительно уменьшался разброс значений данных переменных. Наиболее эффективно L-лизина эсцинат действовал на водный баланс в остром посттравматическом периоде (1-е и 3-и сутки). Препарат «сглаживал»  пики проявлений (количество, площадь очагов) отека-набухания: значения изученных морфометрических показателей статистически значимо отличались. Следовательно, морфометрическиепризнаки гидропической дистрофии после ТЧМТ выявлялись в обеих изученных группах на протяжении 15 суток наблюдения.Заключение После ТЧМТ увеличивалась степень гидратации нервной ткани ССК. L-лизин эсцинат статистически значимо уменьшал проявления гидропической дистрофии. Особенно выраженное влияние препарата на степень гидратации нервной ткани отмечено в раннем посттравматическом периоде