121 research outputs found
Unstable periodic orbits in a chaotic meandering jet flow
We study the origin and bifurcations of typical classes of unstable periodic
orbits in a jet flow that was introduced before as a kinematic model of chaotic
advection, transport and mixing of passive scalars in meandering oceanic and
atmospheric currents. A method to detect and locate the unstable periodic
orbits and classify them by the origin and bifurcations is developed. We
consider in detail period-1 and period-4 orbits playing an important role in
chaotic advection. We introduce five classes of period-4 orbits: western and
eastern ballistic ones, whose origin is associated with ballistic resonances of
the fourth order, rotational ones, associated with rotational resonances of the
second and fourth orders, and rotational-ballistic ones associated with a
rotational-ballistic resonance. It is a new kind of nonlinear resonances that
may occur in chaotic flow with jets and/or circulation cells. Varying the
perturbation amplitude, we track out the origin and bifurcations of the orbits
for each class
ΠΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ
The subject. The article examines the refraction of the doctrine of legal procedure in relation to the activities of parliament.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that parliamentary procedure is the kind of legal procedureThe methodology. The author uses formal legal interpretation of Russian legislative acts and decisions of Russian Constitutional Court and European Court of Human Rights as well as such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, systemic approachThe main results, scope of application. The author draws attention to the fact that at the present stage of the development of the theory of law, it can be stated that procedural social relations have developed in the parliamentary bureaucracy, which are not only regulated, but must also be regulated by procedural norms, which confirms the conclusions of the authors of a "broad" approach to the theory of legal process. However, there will be a window of opportunity for the supporters of the "narrow" approach in the parliamentary process. In accordance with the conclusions of the ECHR and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which have prerequisites even in the works of Montesquieu, the parliament, as a body with jurisdictional powers, must comply with the appropriate procedure in their implementation. Hence, the author deduces the tasks of further improving both the doctrine of parliamentary procedure and the need for clear and competent regulation of legal procedures in parliament, the ultimate goal of which is to observe and implement the rights, freedoms and constitutional guarantees of participants in the parliamentary process.Conclusions. The procedures governing the work of the Parliament and its organs are legal procedures in the broad sense of the term. This does not negate the understanding that the legal procedures of the parliament, corresponding to its quasi-judicial powers, has the nature of the jurisdictional process. This conclusion is consistently confirmed in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights andΒ the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Β«ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Β«ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ‘ΠΠ§ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘ΡΠ΄Π° Π Π€, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, β Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΄Π° Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π², ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°
ΠΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠΈΠ±Π° Flammulina velutipes ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ
Low-fat meat products are the major trends in developing healthier meat products. Attention is drawn that the animal fat is essential for emulsified meat products to enhance the stability, flavor, cooking yield, and texture. The low energy density and healthier ingredients can replace some or all of the fat in emulsified meat products according to some studies. As can be noted that compound fat substitutes, such as vegetable protein and carrageenan, vegetable oil and vegetable fibre, cellulose, and water, improved texture better than single fat substitutes. Nevertheless, the character of the emulsified meat product will eventually decrease as the amount of animal fat is reduced. Therewith, a little information is available about using Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil as fat alternatives in the manufacture of chicken meat products. The chicken sausage was used as the research object, and Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil were used as fat substitutes to study their effects on the quality of the chicken sausage. Chicken meat, salt and sodium polyphosphate were used for preparation of the sausages. Firstly, the mushroom and soybean oil were mixed in a ratio of 1:1.5, replacing the fats of 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % respectively. Then, cooking yield, folding test, pH, color, and sensory evaluation were measured. The experimental results showed that when adding Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil, the cooking yield, pH, L* and b* value were increased; folding test values for the 75 % and 100 % experimental groups decreased; chicken sausage with 50% fat replacement had the highest sensory score. In summary, replacing 50% of the fat in chicken sausage with Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil was optimal. The addition of Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil increased the brightness and yellowness of the chicken sausages. The low addition of Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil decreased the redness of the sausage, which increased when Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil completely replaced the fat Flammulina velutipes and soybean oil compound is a promising fat substitute in the development of low-fat meat products.ΠβΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈ Π· Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌβΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. Π‘Π»ΡΠ΄ Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π°Π³Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌβΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ, Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π· Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π· Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡ Ρ Π΅ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌβΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½Π°Π½, ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½Π° ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Flammulina velutipes Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΊ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π· ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌβΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π° Flammulina velutipes Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌβΡΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ 1:1,5, Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΈ 25 %, 50 %, 75 % ΡΠ° 100 % Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, pH, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Flammulina velutipes Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ, L* Ρ b*; Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ 75 % Ρ 100 % Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² Π·Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ; ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π· 50 % Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π° 50 % ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° Flammulina velutipes Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Flammulina velutipes Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Flammulina velutipes Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π±Π°ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Flammulina velutipes Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡ. Flammulina velutipes Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌβΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²
ΠΡΠ³ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅
The paper presents a new look at the mechanisms of soft power as used in socio-cultural integration in the Eurasian space. The ways the West uses soft power are compared to how Russia is applying these mechanisms in building the Eurasian Economic Union. The author outlines the main objectives to be pursued by Russia using the tools of soft power, as well as suggests how to improve the existing mechanisms of soft power in Ruusia. The author refers to a vast body of research on soft power as an instrument of statecraft in general as well as the specific features of Russiaβs soft power.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ-Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
Particle entrapment as a feedback effect
We consider a suspension of polarizable particles under the action of
traveling wave dielectrophoresis (DEP) and focus on particle induced effects.
In a situation where the particles are driven by the DEP force, but no external
forces are exerted on the fluid, the joint motion of the particles can induce a
steady fluid flow, which leads to particle entrapment. This feedback effect is
proven to be non-negligible even for small volume concentration of particles.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitte
Lutetium oxide analysis by direct arc atomic emission spectrometry
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Lu2SiO5:Ce Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅: ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Lu2O3 β 99.999 % ΠΌΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ: Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, V ΠΈ Mn, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 0.0005 β 0.0010 % ΠΌΠ°Ρ., Pr, Nd, Sm, Er, Tb, Yb β Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 0.0005 % ΠΌΠ°Ρ. ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Al, As, Bi, Cd, Ce, Dy Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Mg, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sc, Si, Sn, Tm. Ti, Zn, Y. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ (10-6 β 10-1 % ΠΌΠ°Ρ.). ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°: ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° (Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ), ΡΠΈΠΏ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²), ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ nβ10-6 β nβ10-4 % ΠΌΠ°Ρ., ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ.The requirements for the composition of initial oxides for the lutetium orthosilicate crystals are quite stringent: the content of the basic substance Lu2O3 is 99.999 wt%. Critical are coloring impurities: Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, V, Mn, the content of each should be no more than 0.0005 - 0.0010 wt%, Pr, Nd, Sm, Er, Tb, Yb no more than 0.0005 wt% for each one. It is also necessary to control the content of Al, As, Bi, Cd, Mg, Mo, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Ti, Zn, Y, La, Ce, Sc, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Tm. To determine the impurity composition of lutetium oxide, one of the promising methods of analysis is direct arc atomic emission spectroscopy (DC Arc). The advantages of this method are the determination of the chemical composition without sample dissolution, a wide range of concentrations (10-6 - 10-1% wt%), a large number of determined elements. To realize the potential analytical capabilities of the method, the experimental conditions were studied: the interelectrode distance, the shape and size of graphite electrodes, the ratio of Lu2O3 to the spectral buffer, the type of carriers and operating modes of the generator. For most elements, the limits of determination are n β 10-6 - n β 10-4 wt%, that is significantly lower than in the current methods of DC Arc. The trueness of results is controlled by ICP-MS. The complex application of new approaches and modern capabilities of spectral equipment made it possible to develop a method with improved metrological characteristics.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° (ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ β 20-13-00180). ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π¦ΠΠ Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ₯ Π ΠΠ.The study was supported by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-13-00180). This research was performed using the equipment of the JRC PMR IGIC RAS
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