USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES FOR LIGHTING TRAILS

В работе рассмотрен вопрос возможности освещения автомобильных дорог от альтернативных источников энергии. Показана энергетическая, экономическая и экологическая целесообразность данного решения.The paper considers the possibility of lighting roads from alternative energy sources. The energy, economic and environmental feasibility of this solution is shown

Mount Etna as a terrestrial laboratory to investigate recent volcanic activity on Venus by future missions:A comparison with Idunn Mons, Venus

The recently selected missions to Venus have opened a new era for the exploration of this planet. These missions will provide information about the chemistry of the atmosphere, the geomorphology, local-to-regional surface composition, and the rheology of the interior. One key scientific question to be addressed by these future missions is whether Venus remains volcanically active, and if so, how its volcanism is currently evolving. Hence, it is fundamental to analyze appropriate terrestrial analog sites for the study of possibly active volcanism on Venus. To this regard, we propose Mount Etna - one of the most active and monitored volcanoes on Earth - as a suitable terrestrial laboratory for remote and in-situ investigations to be performed by future missions to Venus. Being characterized by both effusive and explosive volcanic products, Mount Etna offers the opportunity to analyze multiple eruptive styles, both monitoring active volcanism and identifying the possible occurrence of pyroclastic activity on Venus. We directly compare Mount Etna with Idunn Mons, one of the most promising potentially active volcanoes of Venus. Despite the two structures show a different topography, they also show some interesting points of comparison, and in particular: a) comparable morpho-structural setting, since both volcanoes interact with a rift zone, and b) morphologically similar volcanic fields around both Mount Etna and Idunn Mons. Given its ease of access, we also propose Mount Etna as an analog site for laboratory spectroscopic studies to identify the signatures of unaltered volcanic deposits on Venus

THE USE OF NAFTIFINI HYDROCHLORIDE AND ITS ADVANTAGES IN THE TREATMENT OF VARIOUS TYPERS OF FUNGAL DISEASES

Studying the susceptibility of dermatophyte strains to naftifine revealed that the range of inhibitory concentrations (MIC) is 0,1-0,2 μg/ml. The naftifine spectrum is very wide and includes almost all mycotic pathogens. Testing the strains of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum in comparison with clotrimazole and 4-imidazole antimycotics has shown that naftifine is the most active drug affecting dermatophytes. In concentrations of no more than 1,0 μg/ml, naftifine inhibited 98,75% of dermatophyte strains. Naftifine hydrochloride can find a worthy use in the treatment of skin diseases against the background of infectious and inflammatory processes associated with mycoses

Тhe Viscosity Study of Naftifine Hydrochloride Solution with a Combination of Polyethylene Glycols

Introduction. Naftifin hydrochloride is an antifungal drug from the allylamine group, which is used as a drug for external use in the treatment of onychomycosis. Quickly penetrates the skin and nails. It has antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It has a wide range of actions against many fungi that cause onychomycosis (dermatophytes, molds and yeast). In addition, it has an antibacterial effect in the ratio of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, reduces the risk of complicated course of the disease. It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Polyethylene glycols belong to the class of organic polymers of ethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycols are safe and widely used in pharmaceutical production, due to the variety of applications. The object of the study is a number of solutions of naftifin hydrochloride in different combinations and with different ratios of polyethylene glycols.Aim. The purpose of the work is to choose the optimal composition of the solution of naftifin hydrochloride. Achieve due to the viscosity of the prolonging action of the solution. Depending on the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol to determine the flow time of solutions. Choose among a number of samples with different ratios of polyethylene glycols, a solution with maximum viscosity.Materials and methods. To determine the viscosity of this solution, a capillary viscometry method was used on the vpzh-2 apparatus. «Exoderil» solution was chosen as a reference formulation.Results and discussion. Alternating different combinations of polyethylene glycol, we have increased the viscosity of the fluid naftifine hydrochloride, which has achieved a more accurate method of application of medicinal substances. During the study, it was determined that the solution «Exoderil» has a minimum viscosity, compared with all samples of the studied solutions.Сonclusion. The optimal viscosity of the solution of naftifin hydrochloride provides a prolonged action of the drug, due to a longer stay on the nail plate. Viscosity allows for more accurate application to the damaged nail, and reduces the loss of concentration of the active substance. Moisturizing properties of polyethylene glycols will help to reduce the severity of side effects (dryness, rarefaction), and provide a longer and more comfortable treatment of onychomycosis

Evaluation of the Possibility of Using the Method of UV Spectrophotometry for the Development of Quantitative Determination of Naftifine Hydrochloride in its Solution with a Combination of PEG for the Treatment of Fungal Infections

Introduction. An innovative antifungal agent based on hydrochloride with combination of PEG-400 and PEG-1000 has been developed based at the chairs of Sechenov University. This solution is designated for external application as an antifungal agent. Naftifine hydrochloride has a broad spectrum of action against various fungi capable of causing onychomycosis. PEGs, forming part of the developed dosage form, bring about necessary viscosity of the solution (for retention in application area) and do not prevent drug product performance. Naftifine hydrochloride has an apparent UV absorption band with maximum of 256 ± 2 mn, in connection with this, it is supposed to use the UV spectrophotometry method for further development of quantitation method of naftifine hydrochloride detection in tested oral liquid.Aim. To evaluate the feasibility of using the UV spectrophotometry method for development of quantitation of naftifine hydrochloride in its solution with a combination of PEG for mycotic infection treatment.Materials and methods. The substance of naftifine hydrochloride, PEG-400 and PEG-1000, ethyl alcohol 96 %, UV spectrophotometry, «Millipore» filter.Results and discussion. A set of operations was carried out with UV spectrophotometer, including trials of solutions of initial substance of naftifine hydrochloride, PEG solutions, a solution of developed prolonged antimycotic drug and its placebo. The identity of UV spectra of the actual substance in various media was determined, maximum absorption of actual substance and dependence preservation between specified concentration and optical density of the solution were proved. It was found that auxiliary substances included in liquid dosage form do not affect the main characteristics of the UV spectrum of actual substance.Conclusion. The possibility in principle of using the UV spectrophotometry method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of innovative prolonged antimycotic drug – liquid dosage form of naftifine hydrochloride with a combination of PEG has been established

Study of the Stability of a Viscous Solution of Naftifin Hydrochloride with a Combination of Polyethylene Glycols for External Use

Introduction. An innovative antifungal viscous solution based on naftifine hydrochloride with a combination of polyethylene glycols (PEG) was developed in the laboratory of Sechenov University. The developed preparation intended for external use. The active ingredient – naftifine hydrochloride has a wide spectrum of action against fungi cause onychomycosis. The polyethylene glycols are included in the developed dosage form of provide the necessary viscosity of the solution (for accurate application and retention in the field of application). The paper presents the results of a study of the stability of a viscous solution of naftifine hydrochloride with a combination of PEG for external use. Over the entire shelf life, the drug must retain the full its chemical, physical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacological properties.Aim. Determination of stability and expiration date of the shelf life of the developed solution of naftifine hydrochloride for external use, intended for the treatment of mycosis of the nail.Materials and methods. Naftifine hydrochloride solution, «Millipor» filter, UV spectrophotometry, potentiometry pH, capillary viscometry.Results and discussion. In the course of the study, the shelf life of the developed alcohol solution of naftifin hydrochloride with a combination of PEG was experimentally determined. The stability of the dosage form was determined by accelerated aging at a temperature of 40 ± 2 °C, in vivo at a temperature of no higher than 25 °C; and in a refrigerator at a temperature of 8 ± 2 °C. Assessment of the stability of the alcohol solution of naftifine hydrochloride was carried out according to the following indicators: the volume of the contents of the bottle, appearance, pH, quantitative content of the active substance, viscosity.Conclusion. Based on the studies, it is recommended to store the naftifine hydrochloride solution at room temperature not higher than 25 °C, in a dark place. It is also allowed to store the solution of naftifine hydrochloride in a refrigerator at a temperature of 8 ± 2 °C

Chemistry for Sustainable Development 17 (2009) 507511 501 Seasonal Dynamics of Riccardin C Accumulation in Primula macrocalyx Bge

Abstract Season al dyn amics has been studied for a metabolite accumulation in Primula macrocalyx Bge. with respect to its major component, bisbibenzyl riccardin C 1, an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase. Seven introduced populations of the plant have been investigated. A wild-growing P. macrocalyx population was used as a reference. It has been demonstrated the harvesting of plant raw material for the purpose of bisbenzyl 1 isolation is appropriate for carrying out after plant flowering, during the fruiting stage. Besides, in the course of the investigation there were 3′, 4′, 5′-trimethoxyflavone 2 and perrottetin Å 3 isolated from the acetone extract of P. macrocalyx

Intranasal Ion-Triggered In Situ Delivery System of Virus-like Particles: Development Using the Quality by Design Approach

The rapid growth in the prevalence of infectious diseases requires timely action from drug developers. In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the unpreparedness of the population for such emergencies. The introduction of modern methods of Design of Experiments (DoE) is required to accelerate the process of drug development and bring a drug to market. The main objective of this study was to develop an ion-triggered in situ system for intranasal delivery of VLP using a Quality by Design approach. Based on a literature review and initial studies, the key QTPP, CQA, CPP, and CMA were identified to develop a novel delivery system for virus-like particles. As a result of the studies on the quality attributes of the developed delivery system, an ion-triggered in situ gel meeting all the specified parameters was obtained using the Quality by Design method