337 research outputs found
Kindlin-3 loss curbs chronic myeloid leukemia in mice by mobilizing leukemic stem cells from protective bone marrow niches.
Kindlin-3 (K3)-mediated integrin adhesion controls homing and bone marrow (BM) retention of normal hematopoietic cells. However, the role of K3 in leukemic stem cell (LSC) retention and growth in the remodeled tumor-promoting BM is unclear. We report that loss of K3 in a mouse model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) triggers the release of LSCs from the BM into the circulation and impairs their retention, proliferation, and survival in secondary organs, which curbs CML development, progression, and metastatic dissemination. We found de novo expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on CML-LSCs but not normal hematopoietic stem cells and this enabled us to specifically deplete K3 with a CTLA-4-binding RNA aptamer linked to a K3-siRNA (small interfering RNA) in CTLA-4+ LSCs in vivo, which mobilized LSCs in the BM, induced disease remission, and prolonged survival of mice with CML. Thus, disrupting interactions of LSCs with the BM environment is a promising strategy to halt the disease-inducing and relapse potential of LSCs
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π°, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Rhombic Patterns: Broken Hexagonal Symmetry
Landau-Ginzburg equations derived to conserve two-dimensional spatial symmetries lead to the prediction that rhombic arrays with characteristic angles slightly differ from 60 degrees should form in many systems. Beyond the bifurcation from the uniform state to patterns, rhombic patterns are linearly stable for a band of angles near the 60 degrees angle of regular hexagons. Experiments conducted on a reaction-diffusion system involving a chlorite-iodide-malonic acid reaction yield rhombic patterns in good accord with the theory.Energy Laboratory of the University of HoustonOffice of Naval ResearchU.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy SciencesRobert A. Welch FoundationCenter for Nonlinear Dynamic
Rights Myopia in Child Welfare
For decades, legal scholars have debated the proper balance of parents\u27 rights and children\u27s rights in the child welfare system. This Article argues that the debate mistakenly privileges rights. Neither parents\u27 rights nor children\u27s rights serve families well because, as implemented, a solely rights-based model of child welfare does not protect the interests of parents or children. Additionally, even if well-implemented, the model still would not serve parents or children because it obscures the important role of poverty in child abuse and neglect and fosters conflict rather than collaboration between the state and families. In lieu of a solely rights-based model, this Article proposes a problem-solving model for child welfare and explores one embodiment of such a model, family group conferencing. This Article concludes that a problem-solving model holds significant potential to address many of the profound theoretical and practical shortcomings of the current child welfare system
Transition from the Couette-Taylor system to the plane Couette system
We discuss the flow between concentric rotating cylinders in the limit of
large radii where the system approaches plane Couette flow. We discuss how in
this limit the linear instability that leads to the formation of Taylor
vortices is lost and how the character of the transition approaches that of
planar shear flows. In particular, a parameter regime is identified where
fractal distributions of life times and spatiotemporal intermittency occur.
Experiments in this regime should allow to study the characteristics of shear
flow turbulence in a closed flow geometry.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Principle of Maximum Entropy Applied to Rayleigh-B\'enard Convection
A statistical-mechanical investigation is performed on Rayleigh-B\'enard
convection of a dilute classical gas starting from the Boltzmann equation. We
first present a microscopic derivation of basic hydrodynamic equations and an
expression of entropy appropriate for the convection. This includes an
alternative justification for the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation. We then
calculate entropy change through the convective transition choosing mechanical
quantities as independent variables. Above the critical Rayleigh number, the
system is found to evolve from the heat-conducting uniform state towards the
convective roll state with monotonic increase of entropy on the average. Thus,
the principle of maximum entropy proposed for nonequilibrium steady states in a
preceding paper is indeed obeyed in this prototype example. The principle also
provides a natural explanation for the enhancement of the Nusselt number in
convection.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures; typos corrected; Eq. (66a) corrected to remove a
double counting for ; Figs. 1-4 replace
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Electrical signature in polar night cloud base variations
Layer clouds are globally extensive. Their lower edges are charged negatively by the fair weather atmospheric electricity current flowing vertically through them. Using polar winter surface meteorological data from Sodankyla Μ (Finland) and Halley (Antarctica), we find that when meteorological diurnal variations are weak, an appreciable diurnal cycle, on average, persists in the cloud base heights, detected using a laser ceilometer. The diurnal cloud base heights from both sites correlate more closely with the Carnegie curve of global atmospheric electricity than with local meteorological measurements. The cloud base sensitivities are indistinguishable between the northern and southern hemispheres, averaging a (4.0 Β± 0.5) m rise for a 1% change in the fair weather electric current density. This suggests that the global fair weather current, which is affected by space weather, cosmic rays and the El Nin Μo Southern Oscillation, is linked with layer cloud properties
Onset of Surface-Tension-Driven Benard Convection
Experiments with shadowgraph visualization reveal a subcritical transition to
a hexagonal convection pattern in thin liquid layers that have a free upper
surface and are heated from below. The measured critical Marangoni number (84)
and observation of hysteresis (3%) agree with theory. In some experiments,
imperfect bifurcation is observed and is attributed to deterministic forcing
caused in part by the lateral boundaries in the experiment.Comment: 4 pages. The RevTeX file has a macro allowing various styles. The
appropriate style is "mypprint" which is the defaul
Targeting quiescent leukemic stem cells using second generation autophagy inhibitors
In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment induces autophagy that promotes survival and TKI-resistance in leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In clinical studies hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the only clinically approved autophagy inhibitor, does not consistently inhibit autophagy in cancer patients, so more potent autophagy inhibitors are needed. We generated a murine model of CML in which autophagic flux can be measured in bone marrow-located LSCs. In parallel, we use cell division tracing, phenotyping of primary CML cells, and a robust xenotransplantation model of human CML, to investigate the effect of Lys05, a highly potent lysosomotropic agent, and PIK-III, a selective inhibitor of VPS34, on the survival and function of LSCs. We demonstrate that long-term haematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs: LinβSca-1+c-kit+CD48βCD150+) isolated from leukemic mice have higher basal autophagy levels compared with non-leukemic LT-HSCs and more mature leukemic cells. Additionally, we present that while HCQ is ineffective, Lys05-mediated autophagy inhibition reduces LSCs quiescence and drives myeloid cell expansion. Furthermore, Lys05 and PIK-III reduced the number of primary CML LSCs and target xenografted LSCs when used in combination with TKI treatment, providing a strong rationale for clinical use of second generation autophagy inhibitors as a novel treatment for CML patients with LSC persistence
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