Studies on X-Ray Diagnosis of the Stomach Examination Survey Films Part 2. Concaving Type

With the same intention and in the same method as that in part 1, I studied 81 concaving lesions in 71 cases which were detected by mass examination survey and were operated. The results were as follows: 1) As to the concaving type, irregularity and rigidity of the stomach wall, shortened lesser curvature and abnormal relief view were the important findings to detect the lesion. 2) 2.3 findings were found in every lesion. 3) A finding was detected in 1.9 sheet of films out of 5. The irregularity of the wall, rigidity of the wall, unusual indentation of stomach wall, irregular filling defect and deformity of the antrum were detected in more than 2 sheet of films but widened stomach angle and abnormal relief view were detected only a sheet of film. 4) The barium filled stomach in upright position was important and effective to detect the lesion. On the contrary, prone and upright left oblique position was uneffective. Many of the irregularity and rigidity of the stomach wall, widened stomach angle and shortened lesser curvature were detected by upright position. Abnormal relief view was detected by supine position. 5) A few lesions within 2 cm in diameter could not be detected. The bigger the lesions were, the more frequently the rigidity of the stomach wall and the abnormal relief were found. 6) In the lesion around the angle, widened stomach angle and filling defect were frequently found. In the lesions around the corpus, nische and fleck were more frequently found

Über das eigentliche Verhalten der Muskeln von Sommerfröschen

Der Verfasser untersuchte vom physiologischen Standpunkte aus die Ursache des eigentümlichen Verhaltens, d. h. der Labilität der Muskeln von Sommerfröschen. Die Resultate sind folgende. Die Reizschwelle für galvanische und Induktionsströme, die isometrische und isotonische Zuckungshöhe, die verwirklichte Maximumarbeit, die absolute Refraktärperiode und die Chronaxie des ausgeschnittenen M. sartorius von Sommerfröschen verändern fortlaufend ihren anfänglichen Wert nach der Exzision aus dem Tierkörper, wenn die Temperatur der Umgebung über 25°C beträgt, und je höher die Temperatur steigt, desto rascher ist die Veränderungsgeschwindigkeit. Wenn dagegan die Temperatur unter 20°C bleibt, so besitzen alle Obengenannten relativ stabile konstante Zustände. Nach den angegebenen Ergebnissen ist das eigentliche Verhalten der isolierten Muskeln von Sommerfröschen nicht den Muskeln im Tierkörper selbst zuzuschreiben, sondern ist auf die Einwirkung von hohen Temperaturen nach der Exzision zurückführen. Wenn man daher während der Experimente die Temperatur der Umgebung unter 20°C halten kann, so kann man die die Muskeln von Sommerfröschen ohne Störungen ebenso als Versuchsmaterial benützen wie die Muskeln von Winterfröschen

Threshold Core Temperatures for Tail Vasodilation During General Warming in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and Stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP)

In order to study heat dissipation ability of spontaneously hypertensive rats, threshold core temperatures for occurrence of the tail vasodilation were compared among adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Mean age of month (M.) and mean systolic blood pressure were 8.4±0.5 M; 205±5 mmHg for SHR, 7.2±0.6 M; 240±8 mmHg for SHRSP and 7.6±1.1 M; 140±6 mmHg for WKY. For the measurement, each rat was placed into a small wire-mesh cage for a loose restraint. Rectal temperature, tail skin temperature and air temperature were simultaneously recorded by means of thermistor probes or copper-constantan thermocouples. Air temperature was gradually raised at a constant rate of 0.17℃/min. Stepwise changes in the tail skin temperature were observed during the gradual elavation of the air temperature. The beginning of the tail vasodilation was detected by the 1st increase in tail skin temperature. Mean threshold core temperature for the 1st vasodilation in SHR, SHRSP and WKY were, 38.9±0.1℃, 38.4±0.1℃ and 38.0±0.1℃, respectively. Threshold core temperatures for the 1st vasodilation in SHR and SHRSP were significantly high compared to that in WKY, while the threshold in SHRSP was significantly lower than SHR. Mean values of threshold Ta for the 1st tail vasodilation in SHR, SHRSP and WKY were 30.1±0.5℃, 29.9±0･6℃ and 29.7±0.5℃, respectively. There was no statistical significance among these values. These results are consistent with the fact that the core temperature in adult SHRSP is not always high as SHR, even though blood pressure of SHRSP is higher than SHR. And these facts also suggest that high systemic blood pressure itself may not cause developing high core temperature in these genetically hypertensive rats

Sequential therapies after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or lenvatinib first-line treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective proof-of-concept study was to compare different second-line treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and progressive disease (PD) after first-line lenvatinib or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.Materials and methods: A total of 1381 patients had PD at first-line therapy. 917 patients received lenvatinib as first-line treatment, and 464 patients atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as first-line.Results: 49.6% of PD patients received a second-line therapy without any statistical difference in overall survival (OS) between lenvatinib (20.6 months) and atezolizumab plus bev-acizumab first-line (15.7 months; p = 0.12; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80). After lenvatinib first-line, there wasn't any statistical difference between second-line therapy subgroups (p = 0.27; sorafenib HR: 1; immunotherapy HR: 0.69; other therapies HR: 0.85). Patients who under-went trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) had a significative longer OS than patients who received sorafenib (24.7 versus 15.8 months, p < 0.01; HR = 0.64). After atezolizumab plus bevacizumab first-line, there was a statistical difference between second-line therapy subgroups (p < 0.01; sorafenib HR: 1; lenvatinib HR: 0.50; cabozantinib HR: 1.29; other therapies HR: 0.54). Patients who received lenvatinib (17.0 months) and those who under-went TACE (15.9 months) had a significative longer OS than patients treated with sorafenib (14.2 months; respectively, p = 0.01; HR = 0.45, and p < 0.05; HR = 0.46).Conclusion: Approximately half of patients receiving first-line lenvatinib or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab access second-line treatment. Our data suggest that in patients progressed to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, the systemic therapy able to achieve the longest survival is lenvatinib, while in patients progressed to lenvatinib, the systemic therapy able to achieve the longest survival is immunotherapy

陰茎腫瘍の1例 : 平滑筋肉腫と扁平上皮癌の合併例

Leiomyosarcoma of the penis is a very rare malignant tumor. We describe a patient with a combination of leiomyosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma, apparently the first case in the world, and review previous cases of leiomyosarcoma

Studies on X-Ray Diagnosis of the Stomach Examination Survey Films Part 1. Protruding Type

To establish the diagnostic criteria on X-ray findings for the stomach mass examination survey film, comparative study on the X-ray findings of the mass examination survey films with the findings of the resected stomach had been done. For this purpose, I have studied 74 lesions in 47 cases. The results were as follows: 1) About 80% of them were demonstrated as the filling defect. The relations among the demonstration of the filling defect and the size of the lesion, and pathohistologic findings were as follows: Ⅰ) The lesions measuring over 4 cm in diameter were demonstrated as the irregular filling defect. Ⅱ) The lesions with the size of 2 to 4 cm in diameter were demonstrated halves as the irregular filling defect and halves as a faint filling defect. Ⅲ) The lesions measuring within 2 cm in diameter were demonstrated as the faint filling defect. Ⅳ) As to the pathohistologic findings, many of the advanced cancer were demonstrated as the irregular filling defect but early stomach cancer and the benign lesions had no such plain findings. 2) The small lesions not demonstrated as the filling defect were demonstrated as a irregular margin, abnormal relief view. etc. These X-ray diagnosis were needed in order to detect the small protruding lesions. 3) The Barium filled stomach in prone position was most important and upright position was also important

膀胱憩室に発生したカルチノザルコーマの1例

A 56-year-old man with carcinosarcoma of the bladder diverticulum is reported. Histologically, the tumor contained two elements: carcinomatous and sarcomatous components with a transitional phase between them. The related literature is also reviewed