Provenance signature of a forearc basin modified by spreading ridge subduction: Detrital zircon geochronology and detrital modes from the Paleogene Arkose Ridge Formation, southern Alaska

Upper Paleocene–Eocene boulder conglomerate, cross-stratified sandstone, and laminated carbonaceous mudstone of the Arkose Ridge Formation exposed in the southern Talkeetna Mountains record fluvial-lacustrine deposition proximal to the volcanic arc in a forearc basin modified by Paleogene spreading ridge subduction beneath southern Alaska. U-Pb ages of detrital zircon grains and modal analyses were obtained from stratigraphic sections spanning the 2,000 m thick Arkose Ridge Formation in order to constrain the lithology, age, and location of sediment sources that provided detritus. Detrital modes from 24 conglomerate beds and 54 sandstone thin sections aredominated by plutonic and volcanic clasts and plagioclase feldspar with minor quartz, schist, hornblende, argillite, and metabasalt. Westernmost sandstone and conglomerate strata contain \u3c5% volcanic clasts whereas easternmost sandstone and conglomerate strata contain 40 to \u3e80% volcanic clasts. Temporally, eastern sandstones andconglomerates exhibit an upsection increase in volcanic detritus from \u3c40 to \u3e80% volcanic clasts. U-Pb ages from \u3e1400 detrital zircons in 15 sandstone samples reveal three main populations: late Paleocene–Eocene (60-48 Ma; 16% of all grains), Late Cretaceous–early Paleocene (85–60 Ma; 62%) and Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (200–100 Ma; 12%). A plot of U/Th vs U-Pb ages shows that \u3e97% of zircons are \u3c200 Ma and\u3e99% of zircons have \u3c10 U/Th ratios, consistent with mainly igneous source terranes. Strata show increased enrichment in late Paleocene–Eocene detrital zircons from \u3c2% in the west to \u3e25% in the east. In eastern sections, this younger age population increases temporally from 0% in the lower 50 m of the section to \u3e40% in samples collected \u3e740 m above the base. Integration of the compositional and detrital geochronologic data suggests: (1) Detritus was eroded mainly from igneous sources exposed directly north of the Arkose Ridge Formation strata, mainly Jurassic–Paleocene plutons and Paleocene–Eocenevolcanic centers. Subordinate metamorphic detritus was eroded from western Mesozoic low-grade metamorphic sources. Subordinate sedimentary detritus was eroded from eastern Mesozoic sedimentary sources. (2) Eastern deposystems received higher proportions of juvenile volcanic detritus through time, consistent with construction of adjacent slab-window volcanic centers during Arkose Ridge Formation deposition. (3)Western deposystems transported detritus from Jurassic–Paleocene arc plutons that flank the northwestern basin margin. (4) Metasedimentary strata of the Chugach accretionaryprism, exposed 20-50 km south of the Arkose Ridge Formation, did not contribute abundant detritus. Conventional provenance models predict reduced input of volcanic detritus to forearc basins during exhumation of the volcanic edifice and increasing exposure ofsubvolcanic plutons (Dickinson, 1995; Ingersoll and Eastmond, 2007). In the forearc strata of these conventional models, sandstone modal analyses record progressive increases upsection in quartz and feldspar concomitant with decreases in lithic grains, mainly volcanic lithics. Additionally, as the arc massif denudes through time, theyoungest detrital U-Pb zircon age populations become significantly older than the age of forearc deposition as the arc migrates inboard or ceases magmatism. Westernmost strata of the Arkose Ridge Formation are consistent with this conventional model. However, easternmost strata of the Arkose Ridge Formation contain sandstone modes that record an upsection increase in lithic grains accompanied by a decrease in quartz and feldspar, and detrital zircon age populations that closely match the age of deposition. This deviation from the conventional model is due to the proximity of the easternmost strata to adjacent juvenile volcanic rocks emplaced by slab-window volcanic processes. Provenance data from the Arkose Ridge Formation show that forearc basins modified by spreading ridge subduction may record upsection increases in non-arc, syndepositional volcanic detritusdue to contemporaneous accumulation of thick volcanic sequences at slab-window volcanic centers. This change may occur locally at the same time that other regions of the forearc continue to receive increasing amounts of plutonic detritus as the remnant arc denudes, resulting in complex lateral variations in forearc basin petrofacies and chronofacies

Things Gathered, Things Fallen

Things Gathered, Things Fallen is a series of creative nonfiction essays that blend nature writing with memoir. Personal reflections, travel writing, natural observation, science writing, and short humor pieces all come together to comprise this collection

Radiative lifetime measurements of rubidium Rydberg states

We have measured the radiative lifetimes of ns, np and nd Rydberg states of rubidium in the range 28 < n < 45. To enable long-lived states to be measured, our experiment uses slow-moving Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Two experimental techniques have been adopted to reduce random and systematic errors. First, a narrow-bandwidth pulsed laser is used to excite the target Rydberg state, resulting in minimal shot-to-shot variation in the initial state population. Second, we monitor the target state population as a function of time delay from the laser pulse using a short-duration, millimetre-wave pulse that is resonant with a one- or two-photon transition. We then selectively field ionize the monitor state, and detect the resulting electrons with a micro-channel plate. This signal is an accurate mirror of the target state population, and is uncontaminated by contributions from other states which are populated by black body radiation. Our results are generally consistent with other recent experimental results obtained using a less sensitive method, and are also in excellent agreement with theory.Comment: 27 pages,6 figure

Off-target capture data, endosymbiont genes and morphology reveal a relict lineage that is sister to all other singing cicadas

Phylogenetic asymmetry is common throughout the tree of life and results from contrasting patterns of speciation and extinction in the paired descendant lineages of ancestral nodes. On the depauperate side of a node, we find extant ´relict´ taxa that sit atop long, unbranched lineages. Here, we show that a tiny, pale green, inconspicuous and poorly known cicada in the genus Derotettix, endemic to degraded salt-plain habitats in arid regions of central Argentina, is a relict lineage that is sister to all other modern cicadas. Nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies of cicadas inferred from probe-based genomic hybrid capture data of both target and non-target loci and a morphological cladogram support this hypothesis. We strengthen this conclusion with genomic data from one of the cicada nutritional bacterial endosymbionts, Sulcia, an ancient and obligate endosymbiont of the larger plant-sucking bugs (Auchenorrhyncha) and an important source of maternally inherited phylogenetic data. We establish Derotettiginae subfam. nov. as a new, monogeneric, fifth cicada subfamily, and compile existing and new data on the distribution, ecology and diet of Derotettix. Our consideration of the palaeoenvironmental literature and host-plant phylogenetics allows us to predict what might have led to the relict status of Derotettix over 100 Myr of habitat change in South America.Fil: Simon, Chris. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Gordon, Eric R. L.. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Moulds, M.S.. Australian Museum Research Institute; AustraliaFil: Cole, Jeffrey A.. Pasadena City College; Estados UnidosFil: Haji, Diler. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Lemmon, Alan R.. Florida State University; Estados UnidosFil: Lemmon, Emily Moriarty. Florida State University; Estados UnidosFil: Kortyna, Michelle. Florida State University; Estados UnidosFil: Nazario, Katherine. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Wade, Elizabeth J.. Curry College. Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics; Estados Unidos. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Meister, Russell C.. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Goemans, Geert. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Chiswell, Stephen M.. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Pessacq, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Veloso, Claudio. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: McCutcheon, John P.. University of Montana; Estados UnidosFil: Lukasik, Piotr. University of Montana; Estados Unidos. Swedish Museum of Natural History. Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics; Sueci

Phylogenomics Reveals Ancient Gene Tree Discordance in the Amphibian Tree of Life

Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment protocol targeting hundreds of conserved exons which are effective across the class. After obtaining data from 220 loci for 286 species (representing 94% of the families and 44% of the genera), we estimate a phylogeny for extant amphibians and identify gene tree–species tree conflict across the deepest branches of the amphibian phylogeny. We perform locus-by-locus genealogical interrogation of alternative topological hypotheses for amphibian monophyly, focusing on interordinal relationships. We find that phylogenetic signal deep in the amphibian phylogeny varies greatly across loci in a manner that is consistent with incomplete lineage sorting in the ancestral lineage of extant amphibians. Our results overwhelmingly support amphibian monophyly and a sister relationship between frogs and salamanders, consistent with the Batrachia hypothesis. Species tree analyses converge on a small set of topological hypotheses for the relationships among extant amphibian families. These results clarify several contentious portions of the amphibian Tree of Life, which in conjunction with a set of vetted fossil calibrations, support a surprisingly younger timescale for crown and ordinal amphibian diversification than previously reported. More broadly, our study provides insight into the sources, magnitudes, and heterogeneity of support across loci in phylogenomic data sets

Things Gathered, Things Fallen

Things Gathered, Things Fallen is a series of creative nonfiction essays that blend nature writing with memoir. Personal reflections, travel writing, natural observation, science writing, and short humor pieces all come together to comprise this collection.</p

Model of medical care over a pregnant woman with induced arterial hypertension.

Nadciśnienie tętnicze jest najczęstszym powikłaniem okresu ciąży. Stanowi niebezpieczeństwo zarówno dla matki jak i nienarodzonego dziecka. Etiopatogeneza nadciśnienia tętniczego indukowanego ciążą nie jest do końca poznana.Leczenie nadciśnienia indukowanego ciążą polega przede wszystkim na zmianie trybu życia ciężarnej, jednak gdy ciśnienie tętnicze krwi nie obniża się i pojawiają się też inne objawy świadczące o rozwoju nadciśnienia ważne jest wprowadzenie leczenia farmakologicznego.Celem pracy było opracowanie modelu opieki nad ciężarną z indukowanym nadciśnieniem tętniczym. Model ten ukazuje potencjalne problemy ciężarnej i płodu oraz metody ich rozwiązania. W przedstawionym modelu sformułowano problemy zdrowotne, cele opieki i interwencje pielęgniarskie.Arterial hypertension is one of the most common complications during pregnancy, which endangers both the mother and the unborn child. Etiopathogenesis of the arterial hypertensions induced by pregnancy is not yet entirely known.Treatment of this type of arterial hypertension consists primarily of change in lifestyle of a pregnant woman. However, in the case when blood pressure does not drop and other symptoms of hypertension development appear, a pharmacological treatment is being introduced.The aim of this thesis was to develop a model of medical care over a pregnant woman with induced arterial hypertension. This model shows what potential problems for a mother and a fetus might be, together with the methods for their resolution. Presented model addresses the issues of health problems, the purposes of medical care and nursing interventions

In vitro fertilization in public opinion

Temat: Zapłodnienie in vitro w opinii społecznejWprowadzenie: Praca została napisana by przedstawić opinię społeczną dotyczącą metody zapłodnienia in vitro. Ma ona charakter badawczy i została napisana poprzez analizę książek, czasopism naukowych z ostatnich sześciu lat oraz przeprowadzonych badań własnych. W tym właśnie celu została stworzona ankieta, którą zostali objęci zarówno kobiety jak i mężczyźni. W pracy w części dotyczącej teorii została omówiona definicja metody, wskazania, etapy zabiegu, powikłania oraz stanowisko Kościoła katolickiego.Cel pracy: Przedstawienie opinii społecznej na temat zapłodnienia in vitro.Materiał i metoda: Badaniem objęto 54 kobiet i 46 mężczyzn. Do przeprowadzenia badań wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, a techniką była ankieta własnego autorstwa, którą przeprowadzono w internecie.Wyniki: Ankietowani w 53% wykazują pozytywny stosunek do metody pozaustrojowego zapłodnienia. Wśród powodów swojej decyzji respondenci wymieniają szansę na dziecko, oraz że jest to metoda leczenia niepłodności. Wśród ankietowanych było 78% osób wierzących natomiast 68% respondentów stwierdziło, że przynależność religijna nie miała wpływu na rozwiązanie przez nich ankiety.Wnioski: Badania własne wykazują, że większość respondentów jest pozytywnie nastawiona do metody in vitro. Natomiast większe kontrowersje budzi metoda zamrażania zarodków. Ankietowani uważają, że zarodkom należy się szacunek.Subject: In vitro fertilization in public opinion.Introduction: The master's thesis was written to present public opinion on the method of in vitro fertilization. It is a research type of paper and it was written by analyzing books, scientific journals over the last six years and conducted research. For purpose of this research the survey was created, which was filled by both women and men. In the theory part of paper method's definition, indications, stages of treatment, complications and position of the Catholic Church were discussed.The aim of the thesis: Presentation of public opinion on the in vitro fertilization.Material and method: The study included 54 women and 46 men. For carrying out the research, a survey method was used and the technique was a survey of own authorship, which was conducted over the internet.Results: Respondents in 53% have a positive attitude to the method of in vitro fertilization. Among the reasons for their decision, the respondents mention the chance for a child, and that it is a method of treatment of infertility. Among the respondents there were 78% of believers while 68% of respondents said that religious affiliation did not affect the filling in of their survey.Conclusions: Results of research show that the majority of respondents are positive about the in vitro method. However, larger controversy are over the method of embryos freezing. Respondents believe that embryos deserve respect