THE USE OF INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN THE STUDY OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE BY FOREIGN STUDENTS

The current stage in the development of the education system in the Russian Federation has updated the importance of using interactive forms of education. The article discusses some interactive teaching methods and techniques in the Russian language classes with foreign students, which will help to develop the communication skills of foreign students.Современный этап развития системы образования в Российской Федерации актуализировал значимость применения интерактивных форм обучения. В статье рассматриваются некоторые интерактивные методы и приемы обучения на занятиях по русскому языку с иностранными студентами, которые позволят развивать ком-муникативные способности иностранных учащихся

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AS ONE OF THE MEANS OF INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING RUSSIAN TO FOREIGN STUDENTS

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы применения ИКТ на уроках по русскому языку как иностранному. Приводятся примеры использования ИКТ, которые способствуют повышению эффективности процесса обученияThe article discusses the relevance of the use of ICT in the lessons on Russian as a foreign language. Examples of the use of ICT, which contribute to improving the efficiency of the learning process, are give

Результаты неинтервенционного наблюдательного многоцентрового исследования тактики ведения пациентов с аксиальным псориатическим артритом в условиях реальной клинической практики (NiSaXPA)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease of the joints, spine and entheses from the group of spondyloarthritis, which is usually observed in patients with psoriasis. In recent years, the axial form of PsA (axPsA) has been actively researched. However, there is insufficient data on approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with axPsA in real-life clinical practice. This article presents the results of an interim analysis of data from a non-interventional multicenter observational study on the treatment of patients with axPsA in real-life clinical practice (NiSaXPA) in Russian centers.Objective: to identify patients with axPsA, their characteristics and describe treatment tactics in real-life clinical practice.Material and methods. Patients with PsA who met the inclusion criteria were prospectively followed up during routine visits to a rheumatologist. Participants' axial radiographs were uploaded to a database in order for it to be confirmed the presence or absence of axPsA by two independent experts, a rheumatologist and a radiologist. Patients with a confirmed axPsA diagnosis participated in a further data collection phase (Visit 2, week 24).Results and discussion. Six hundred patients were enrolled into the study. At the time of analysis, 386 (64.3%) of them (209 men and 177 women) were screened for axPsA. The diagnosis of axPsA was confirmed in 241 (62.4%) cases; these patients formed the Per Protocol (PP) population. The mean age of patients with axPsA in the PP population was 46.30±12.6 years and the body mass index (BMI) was 27.4±5.2 kg/m2 . In 14.9% of patients, the duration of psoriasis was less than 1–5 years, in 21.5% – 5–10 years and in 63.6% – more than 10 years. The duration of PsA symptoms was less than 1–5 years in 31.2 % of patients, 5–10 years in 31.6 % and more than 10 years in 37.2 %. Low disease activity (BASDAI ˂ 4) was achieved in 33.3 % of patients with axPsA at visit 1 and in 64.3 % at visit 2; the BASDAI index declined on average from 4.67±1.95 to 3.31±1.89 points.In real-life clinical practice, patients were most frequently prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – 88.7% and 71.7% (visits 1 and 2, respectively), and synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs) –79.1% and 70.7%, respectively; therapy with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) was initiated in 40.2% and 60.6% of patients, respectively.Conclusion. The results of the interim analysis of this observational study showed that in 87.2% of patients who met the CASPAR criteria for PsA there was a suspicion of axial manifestations of PsA on the primary care level. However, only 62.4% of them had a confirmed diagnosis of axPsA on centralized expert assessment, which may indicate a possible overdiagnosis of axial lesions in real-life practice and emphasizes the importance of collaboration between a rheumatologist and a radiologist when analyzing the results of imaging studies. 33.3% of patients with axPsA had low disease activity according to BASDAI at baseline and 64.3% after 24 weeks, meaning that the disease was only adequately controlled in one third of cases despite therapy; the number of these patients doubled after a change in therapy. In real-world clinical practice, patients with axPsA are most commonly prescribed drugs from the NSAID and sDMARD groups; the frequency of use of biologic drugs varied between 40.2 and 60.6% by the end of the observation period.Псориатический артрит (ПсА) – хроническое иммуновоспалительное заболевание суставов, позвоночника и энтезисов из группы спондилоартритов, которое обычно наблюдается у больных псориазом. В последние годы активно изучается аксиальная форма ПсА (аксПсА). Вместе с тем данных о подходах к диагностике и ведению пациентов с аксПсА в реальной клинической практике недостаточно. В настоящей публикации представлены результаты промежуточного анализа данных неинтервенционного наблюдательного многоцентрового исследования тактики ведения пациентов с аксПсА в условиях реальной клинической практики (NiSaXPA) в российских центрах.Цель исследования – выявление пациентов с аксПсА, их характеристика и описание тактики ведения в условиях реальной клинической практики.Материал и методы. Во время плановых визитов к ревматологу проводилось проспективное наблюдение пациентов с ПсА, соответствовавших критериям включения. Аксиальные рентгенограммы участников были загружены в базу данных для подтверждения наличия или отсутствия аксПсА двумя независимыми экспертами – ревматологом и рентгенологом. Пациенты с подтвержденным диагнозом аксПсА участвовали в дальнейшей фазе сбора данных (визит 2, неделя 24).Результаты и обсуждение. В исследование включено 600 пациентов. На момент проведения анализа с целью выявления аксПсА обследовано 386 (64,3%) из них (209 мужчин и 177 женщин). Диагноз аксПсА подтвержден в 241 (62,4%) случае; эти больные составили популяцию по протоколу (PP, Per Protocol). У 145 (37,6%) пациентов аксПсА не выявлен. Возраст пациентов с аксПсА в популяции РР составил в среднем 46,30±12,6 года, индекс массы тела (ИМТ) – 27,4±5,2 кг/м2 . У 14,9% пациентов длительность псориаза была менее 1–5 лет, у 21,5% – 5–10 лет и у 63,6% – более 10 лет. Давность симптомов ПсА у 31,2% пациентов составляла менее 1–5 лет, у 31,6% – 5–10 лет и у 37,2% – более 10 лет. Низкой активности заболевания (BASDAI ˂ 4) к визиту 1 достигли 33,3% больных аксПсА, к визиту 2 – 64,3%; было отмечено снижение индекса BASDAI в среднем с 4,67±1,95 до 3,31±1,89 балла. В реальной клинической практике пациентам наиболее часто назначали нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП) – 88,7% и 71,7% (визиты 1 и 2 соответственно) и синтетические базисные противовоспалительные препараты (сБПВП) – 79,1% и 70,7% соответственно; терапия генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами (ГИБП) была инициирована 40,2% и 60,6% больных соответственно.Заключение. Результаты промежуточной оценки данного наблюдательного исследования показали, что у 87,2% пациентов, отвечавших критериям CASPAR для ПсА, исходно при обследовании по месту жительства были заподозрены аксиальные проявления ПсА. Однако при центральной экспертной оценке диагноз аксПсА был верифицирован только у 62,4% из них, что может свидетельствовать о возможной гипердиагностике аксиального поражения в реальной практике и подчеркивает важность кооперации ревматолога и рентгенолога при анализе результатов визуализационных методов обследования. 33,3% пациентов с аксПсА имели низкую активность заболевания по BASDAI исходно и 64,3% – через 24 нед. Таким образом, несмотря на проводимую терапию, адекватно контролировать заболевание удавалось только в трети случаев, после смены терапии число таких пациентов увеличилось вдвое. В реальной клинической практике пациентам с аксПсА наиболее часто назначают препараты из группы НПВП и сБПВП, частота использования ГИБП варьировалась от 40,2 до 60,6% к концу наблюдения

Assessment of influence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation on arterial wall structural characteristics in psoriatic arthritis

Assessment of influence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation on arterial wall structural characteristics in psoriatic arthritis. Objective. To assess possibility of traditional cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors application as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in pts with psoriatic arthritis (PA). Material and methods. 130 pts with PA (51 male and 79 female) without clinical signs of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. were included. Mean age was 43 years (39-48 years), mean PA duration – 7 years (2 months-42 years), mean psoriasis duration – 15 years (5,5 – 26 years). PA activity was assessed with DAS4. Age, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDLP), low density lipoprotein (LDLP), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), atherogenity coefficient (AC), relative risk of CHD development, presence of diabetes and smoking were evaluated. Mean and maximal intima-media complex thickness (IMCT) of common carotid arteries was examined with duplex scanning. Results. TC, LDLP and AC elevation was revealed in all and BMI elevation – in one third of pts. In 55% of pts CVR was mean and higher, in 23,5% CVR was absent and in 21,5% CVR was below mean. CVR significantly correlated with mean and maximal carotid arteries IMCT (R=0,48, p<0,00001 and R=0,41, p<0,00001) and fibrinogen (R=0,22, p<0,011). In women CVR correlated with fibrinogen (R=0,27, p<0,16), BMI (R=0,35, p<0,16), mean and maximal carotid arteries IMCT (R=0,50, p<0,00001 and R=0,38, p<0,0005 respectively) and psoriasis duration (R=0,30, p<0,006). In men CVR did not correlated with fibrinogen. CVR did not correlated with DAS4 and CRP. Conclusion. CVR in PA is not connected with traditional markers of inflammation andindex of clinical disease activity

Opto-Electrical Properties of Composite Materials Based on Two Benzotrithiophene Copolymers and Fullerene Derivatives

Two donor–acceptor copolymers based on a benzotrithiophene acceptor unit and an electron-donor segment of 4,8-didodecyloxybenzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene were investigated in the view of photovoltaic application. We provided the complete synthesis procedure supported with NMR spectra of the monomers obtained. The resulting copolymers, labeled P1 and P2 in this work, exhibit strong absorption in the visible region with a similar band gap of about 2.2 eV. In spite of the chemical similarity of both copolymers, the photovoltaic and carrier transport properties of the P1- and P2-based devices demonstrated a noticeable difference. Applying an optimization procedure, a power conversion efficiency of 4.6% has been achieved for the P2/PC71BM solar cells

Rheological blood properties in psoriatic arthritis: relationship with inflammation and cardiovascular risk

Objective. To study possibility of using blood rheological parameters as markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk (CVR) in pts with psoriatic arthritis (PA). Material and methods. 130 pts (51 male and 79 female) with PA aged from 39 to 48 years (mean age 43 years) without clinical signs of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were included. Duration of PA varied from 2 months to 42 years (mean 7 years), duration of psoriasis (PS) – from 5,5 to 26 years (mean 15 years). Main measures of erythrocyte aggregation (EA) including Kt (c-1) – total speed of erythrocytes aggregates formation, T (c) – time of linear erythrocytes aggregates formation, I2,5 [%] – parameter characterizing durability of most large erythrocytes aggregates, β (c-1) – hydrodynamic durability of erythrocytes aggregates were evaluated in erythroaggregometer by registration of intensity of inverse light scattering from blood sample. PA activity was measured with DAS4. CHD development risk score was determined considering traditional CVR factors – age, total cholesterol (TCH) and high density lipoproteins (HDLP) level, systolic blood pressure (SBP), presence of diabetes, smoking. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen concentration was measured with standard methods. Correlation analysis was performed with Spearman range correlation coefficient (R), Mann-Whitney (U) test was used for groups comparison and p<0,05 was considered as statistically significant level. Results. EA disturbances corresponding to 2nd stage of severity were present in all pts with PA. Significant correlation between EA parameters (T , Kt, I2,5, β) and DAS4 (R=-0,32/0,32/0,33/0,25, p<0,001) as well as significant correlation of all EA parameters (T , Kt, I2,5, β) with laboratory inflammation markers: CRP (R=-0,37/0,41/0,46/0,32), ESR (R=-0,34/0,35/0,42/0,26) and most strong – with fibrinogen (R=-0,55/0,55/0,49/0,32) were revealed. Significant correlations of all EA parameters and fibrinogen with CVR level was found in all pts (R=-0,31/0,35/0,23/0,22, p<0,001). In women relationship between EA parameters, fibrinogen and CVR level was stronger (R=-0,42/0,41/0,40/0,27). In men correlation between EA parameters, fibrinogen and CVR was not found. Conclusion. EA parameters in PA are biomarkers of inflammation and CVR