Intracycle interference in ionization of Ar by a laser assisted XUV pulse

Synopsis We present a theoretical and experimental study of the subcycle interference in laser assisted XUV ionization of Ar atoms. Averaging over the focal volume happens to blur the intracycle interference, which thus cannot be measured directly. We show that even at these conditions, the intracycle interference can be obtained through the subtraction of two different angle and energy-resolved distributions at slightly different laser intensities

Variable Activity of Reagents with C=C and N=N Bonds in Cycloaddition Reactions

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Data on rates and enthalpies of the reactions of quadricyclane (4) and diadamantylidene (5) with N-phenylmaleimide (1), 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (2), and tetracyanoethylene (3) are obtained for the first time. Reagent 2 with the N=N reaction center is found to be six orders of magnitude more active than its structural analog 1. A strong π-acceptor 3 is 370 times more active than reagent 2 in the reaction with a strong π-donor substrate 4 but is less active than reagent 2 in many [4π + 2π], [2π + 2π + 2π], and [2π + 2π] cycloaddition reactions, and, especially, in ene reactions. The possible causes of the strong difference and variable activity of compounds 1–3 with C=C and N=N bonds are discussed

The experience of positioning the university at the educational services market

The relevance of the problem under study is based on the necessity to find the most productive method of positioning a higher educational organization at the educational services market within the conditions of transfer from the centrally planned economy to a market economy and changing of the thinking format of the young generation. The purpose of the article is to develop a set of marketing actions for positioning a higher educational organization at the educational services market and its assessment. The lead method of studying this problem is modeling which provides the possibility to consider the problem as a process of results-oriented and well-informed managing of the process of development of a university as an educational system. The article contains a set of marketing actions aimed at positioning the university at the educational services market using the organization’s own internal resources and consisting of the interconnected components, such as motivational-target, content-processing and resultassessing; their specific features are described and the algorithm of implementing this set is developed. The developed and assessed system is intended for promotion of the university as a brand at the educational services market, for strengthening and reinforcing its competitive positions and increasing the university’s attractiveness for future students. The materials of the article can be useful for education specialists oriented towards marketing of educational services, for teachers who deliver a course of lectures in disciplines related to pedagogical marketing or marketing of educational services. © 2016 Dorozhkin et al

[2π + 2π]-Cycloaddition of biadamantylidene to 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione. Effects of temperature, high pressure, and solvent

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The effects of temperature, solvent nature, and high hydrostatic pressure on the rate of the reaction of biadamantylidene with 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione have been estimated. Significant shielding of the C=C double bond in biadamantylidene is responsible for the high entropy and volume of activation. Quantitative yield of the reaction in the temperature range 25‒45°C is related to its exothermicity. The rate of the [2π + 2π]-cycloaddition unexpectedly weakly depends on the solvent polarity, which makes it radically different from the [2π + 2π] -reaction with tetracyanoethylene

Effect of hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and solvent on the rate of the Diels–Alder reaction between 9,10-anthracenedimethanol and maleic anhydride

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.The rate of the reaction between 9,10-anthracenedimethanol and maleic anhydride in 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, trichloromethane, and toluene is studied at 25, 35, 45°C in the pressure range of 1–1772 bar. The rate constants, enthalpies, entropies and activation volumes are determined. It is shown that the rate of reaction with 9,10-anthracenedimethanol is approximately one order of magnitude higher than with 9-anthracenemethanol

Ene Reaction of β-Pinene with 4-Phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione: Effects of Temperature, High Pressure, and Solvent Nature

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The effects of temperature, solvent nature, and high hydrostatic pressure on the rate of the ene reaction of 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione with β-pinene have been studied. The reaction gives only one product and is accompanied by a large heat effect. Comparison of the activation and reaction volumes indicates cyclic structure of the transition state. The reaction rate changes by a factor of 200 in the series of nine examined solvents, but this variation is not determined by solvent polarity

Multi-criteria model for the development of industrial logistics

Development of the industrial manufacturing logistics is associated with the need to solve many problems that affect the main technological units, internal and external transportation, as well as the industrial enterprise management system. The effectiveness of the solution of each of these tasks separately is traditionally evaluated by criteria, which, as a rule, conflict with the criteria of the effectiveness of other tasks and may even contradict the strategic goals of the organization. Modern logistics solutions are based on the achievement of a global economic criterion. However, the practical implementation of such general decisions is limited by the complexity of forming concrete actions based on them. In addition, traditional logistics solutions do not adequately meet the requirements of the concept of sustainable development, as they are poorly oriented towards environmental and social criteria. The developed multi-criteria model is a combination of alternative logistics solutions and criteria for their evaluation. The procedure for assessment and choosing the best combination of logistic decisions is based on a combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods. Application the developed model will reduce the costs of designing and implementing logistics solutions, as well as ensure the achievement of the sustainable development goals of an industrial enterprise. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Photometric observations of the supernova 2009nr

We present the results of our UBVRI CCD photometry for the second brightest supernova of 2009, SN 2009nr, discovered during a sky survey with the telescopes of the MASTER robotic network. Its light and color curves and bolometric light curves have been constructed. The light-curve parameters and the maximum luminosity have been determined. SN 2009nr is shown to be similar in light-curve shape and maximum luminosity to SN 1991T, which is the prototype of the class of supernovae Ia with an enhanced luminosity. SN 2009nr exploded far from the center of the spiral galaxy UGC 8255 and most likely belongs to its old halo population. We hypothesize that this explosion is a consequence of the merger of white dwarfs