PENENTUAN KELAYAKAN PEMBERIAN KREDIT MIKRO DI KOPERASI SWAMITRA KOTA KUPANG DENGAN FUZZY SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHT (FUZZY-SAW)

Dalam pengajuan pinjaman lunak bagi calon peminjam atau debitur ada aturan yang harus di ikuti dan syarat yang harus di penuhi. Kelayakan dari pengajuan pinjaman yang dilakukan oleh seorang peminjam atau calon nasabah harus melalui penilaian dari lembaga peminjam. Salah satu lembaga peminjam ada di kota kupang yaitu Koperasi Swamitra. Koperasi swamitra kota kupang mempunyai standar penilaiaan pemberian pinjaman bagi peminjam, baik yang bersifat menerima dan menolak terhadap pengajuan pinjaman yang dilakukan, dalam menjaga adanya pinjaman yang tidak berjalan dengan baik. Aturan penilaian yang dipakai dalam pemberian pinjaman ke debitur antara lain : jaminan, penghasilan, pekerjaan, total pinjaman, jangka waktu pinjaman, status rumah, dan karakter orang. Sistem yang dibangun untuk mengatasi masalah yang terjadi di Koperasi Swamitra kota kupang dengan menggunakan Fuzzy-Simple Addictive Weight untuk menilai kelayakan calon debitur. Fuzzy-Simple Addictive Weight dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kelayakan pemberian kredit, sehingga dapat menjadi saran yang tepat dari sistem untuk menentukan alternatif layak atau tidak nya dalam pengajuan kredit. Hasil sistem yang didapat dengan mengunakan uji sensivitas adalah 37%, dengan jumlah data uji sebanyak 141 data. Kriteria yang paling sensivitas adalah kriteria jaminan dengan pemberian perubahan bobot, SPK dengan Fuzzy-Simple Addictive Weight dapat di jadikan solusi terbaik

Single-shot dynamics of pulses from a gas-filled hollow fiber

We present measurements of the performance characteristics of few-cycle laser pulses generated by propagation through a gas-filled hollow fiber. The pulses going into the fiber and the compressed pulses after the fiber were simultaneously fully characterized shot-by-shot by using two kHz SPIDER setups and kHz pulse energy measurements. Output-pulse properties were found to be exceptionally stable and pulse characteristics relevant for non-linear applications like high-harmonic generation are discusse

Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation

Intense, well-controlled light pulses with only a few optical cycles start to play a crucial role in many fields of physics, such as attosecond science. We present an extremely simple and robust technique to generate such carrier-envelope offset (CEO) phase locked few-cycle pulses, relying on self-guiding of intense 43-fs, 0.84mJ optical pulses during propagation in a transparent noble gas. We have demonstrated 5.7-fs, 0.38mJ pulses with an excellent spatial beam profile and discuss the potential for much shorter pulses. Numerical simulations confirm that filamentation is the mechanism responsible for pulse shortening. The method is widely applicable and much less sensitive to experimental conditions such as beam alignment, input pulse duration or gas pressure as compared to gas-filled hollow fiber

Control of high-order harmonic emission using attosecond pulse trains

We show that attosecond pulse trains are a natural tool to control strong field processes such as high-order harmonic generation. Coherently combining an attosecond pulse train with an IR driving field, we predict and experimentally confirm enhancement and spectral narrowing of the harmonic yield at photon energies around 90 eV. The use of an attosecond pulse train to seed the harmonic generation process replaces tunneling ionization with a single-photon ionization step, therefore permitting the manipulation of the time–frequency properties of high-order harmonic generation already at the single-atom level. © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Measurement and control of the frequency chirp rate of high-order harmonic pulses

The chirp rate of harmonics 13 to 23 in argon was measured by cross correlation with a 12 femtosecond probe pulse. The negative chirp was directly measured under low ionization conditions due to the atomic dipole phase. It was showed that the additional chirp on the pump pulse was transferred to the qth harmonic as q times the fundamental chirp. The attosecond pulse trains synthesized from these harmonics had a pulse spacing that increased linearly with time

Functionally Heterogenous Macrophage Subsets in the Pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis:Novel Targets for Disease Monitoring and Treatment

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis that affects adults above 50 years of age. In GCA, circulating monocytes are recruited to the inflamed arteries. With cues from the vascular microenvironment, they differentiate into macrophages and play important roles in the pathogenesis of GCA via pro-inflammatory cytokine production and vascular remodeling. However, a deeper understanding of macrophage heterogeneity in GCA pathogenesis is needed to assist the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge on macrophage heterogeneity and diverse functions of macrophage subsets in the pathogenesis of GCA. We next discuss the possibility to exploit their heterogeneity as a source of novel biomarkers and as targets for nuclear imaging. Finally, we discuss novel macrophage-targeted therapies and future directions for targeting these cells in GCA

Comparison and validation of FDG-PET/CT scores for polymyalgia rheumatica

OBJECTIVES: To compare and validate the diagnostic accuracy of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT scores for PMR; and to explore their association with clinical factors. METHODS: This retrospective study included 39 consecutive patients diagnosed with PMR and 19 PMR comparators. The final clinical diagnosis was established after 6 months follow-up. Patients underwent FDG-PET/CT prior to glucocorticoid treatment. Visual grading of FDG uptake was performed at 30 anatomic sites. Three FDG-PET/CT scores (the Leuven Score, two Besançon Scores) and two algorithms (the Saint-Etienne and Heidelberg Algorithms) were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was performed. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed at predefined cut-off points. RESULTS: All three FDG-PET/CT scores showed high diagnostic accuracy for a clinical diagnosis of PMR in the ROC analysis (AUC 0.889–0.914). The Leuven Score provided a sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 84.2% at its predefined cut-off point. A simplified Leuven Score showed similar diagnostic accuracy to that of the original score. The Besançon Scores showed limited specificity at their predefined cut-off points (i.e. 47.4% and 63.2%), while ROC analysis suggested that substantially higher cut-off points are needed for these scores. The Heidelberg and Saint-Etienne Algorithms demonstrated high sensitivity, but lower specificity (i.e. 78.9% and 42.1%, respectively) for PMR. Female sex and presence of large-vessel vasculitis were associated with lower FDG-PET/CT scores in patients with PMR. CONCLUSION: The Leuven Score showed the highest diagnostic utility for PMR. A modified, concise version of the Leuven Score provided similar diagnostic accuracy to that of the original score