Designing training programs for teachers of vocational training, taking into account modern requirements

Рассмотрены современные подходы к проектированию программ подготовки педагогов профессионального обучения. Раскрыта динамика разворачивания программы подготовки бакалавров по направлению 44.03.04 Профессиональное обучение (по отраслям) на примере Профессионально-педагогического института Южно-Уральского государственного гуманитарно-педагогического университетаIn the article an attempt is made to acquaint the professional community with modern approaches to the design of programs for the training of teachers of vocational training. The dynamics of the deployment of the bachelor’s training program in the direction of 44.03.04 is disclosed. Vocational training (by branches), on the example of the Vocational pedagogical institute of the South ural state humanitarian and pedagogical universit

Effectiveness of Funding Forest Reclamation Measures for Ensuring Sustainable Development of Agricultural Regions in the South of the European Part of Russia

The environmental imperative of the strategy for the economic development of the Russian regions requires a shift from the dominant productive land-use model to a model that accepts and develops green technologies, including forest reclamation. The academic community has been discussing the low attractiveness of such an approach because of its low economic substantiation, based on the traditional practice of calculating additional crop production. The study aims to analyse whether funding the forest reclamation of arable land effectively stimulates their development in the Russian Federation and the creation of regional programmes for protective afforestation. The applied research methods include simulation, system analysis, compensation costs and market price methods. A proposed new approach emphasizes the positive impact of forests, including sustainable development, environmental security of the agricultural sector, and the reduction of agricultural land degradation. The applicability of forest reclamation was confirmed for the forest-steppe and dry steppe zones of the Russian Plain. For slope arable land, the study substantiated the parameters of the area covered by forest, considering that water-regulating and protective forest plantations include the simplest hydraulic structures. The study identified regional costs for the implementation of necessary measures and described environmental and economic effects as the advantages of forest reclamation for agriculture. The dynamics of the main indicators of the effectiveness of anti-erosion measures depend on the zone, the steepness of the slope of arable land, the erosion hazard, and biotechnological features of forest plantations. The research results are important for ensuring sustainable development of agricultural Russian regions with a high risk of water erosion, withdrawal of eroded land from agriculture and reduction of cadastral value.Императив экологической стратегии экономического развития регионов России требует перехода от доминирующей продуктивной модели землепользования к модели, принимающей и развивающей природосберегающие технологии, к числу которых относятся лесные мелиорации. Вопросы их экономического обоснования, основанные на традиционной практике расчета дополнительной продукции растениеводства, являются причиной их низкой привлекательности в стране, создают почву для дискуссий. Цель работы — проанализировать эффективность финансирования мероприятий по лесной мелиорации пахотных угодий для стимулирования их развития в РФ, разработки региональных программ защитного лесоразведения. Методы исследования — имитационное моделирование, системный анализ, методы компенсационных затрат, рыночных цен. Предложен новый концептуальный подход, акцентирующий положительное влияние леса на снижение деградации сельскохозяйственных земель, устойчивость и экологическую безопасность аграрной отрасли. Целесообразность лесомелиоративных мероприятий доказана в зональном поясе лесостепь — сухая степь Русской равнины. Применительно к склоновой пашне обоснованы параметры оптимальной защитной лесистости землепользований с включением в системы стокорегулирующих лесных насаждений простейших гидротехнических объектов. Определены региональные затраты на осуществление мероприятий и выявлена совокупность преимуществ лесной мелиорации для сельского хозяйства в виде эколого-экономического эффекта. Установлен характер динамики основных показателей эффективности противоэрозионных комплексов, обусловленной зональным фактором, крутизной склона пахотных угодий и уровнем эрозионной опасности, биотехнологическими особенностями насаждений. Результаты работы важны для обеспечения устойчивого развития аграрных российских регионов, где существует высокий риск развития водной эрозии, вывода эродируемых земель из активного сельскохозяйственного оборота и удешевления их кадастровой стоимости.The article has been prepared in accordance with the state task of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science No. 0713–2019–0002 to Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology, Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation of RAS.Статья подготовлена в соответствии с ГЗ Минобрнауки России № 0713–2019–0002 ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН

Lethal Mutagenesis of Poliovirus Mediated by a Mutagenic Pyrimidine Analogue

Lethal mutagenesis is the mechanism of action of ribavirin against poliovirus (PV) and numerous other RNA viruses. However, there is still considerable debate regarding the mechanism of action of ribavirin against a variety of RNA viruses. Here we show by using T7 RNA polymerase mediated production of PV genomic RNA, PV polymerase-catalyzed primer extension and cell-free PV synthesis that a pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate analogue (rPTP) with ambiguous basepairing capacity is an efficient mutagen of the PV genome. The in vitro incorporation properties of rPTP are superior to ribavirin triphosphate. We observed a log-linear relationship between virus titer reduction and the number of rPMP molecules incorporated. A PV genome encoding a high-fidelity polymerase was more sensitive to rPMP incorporation, consistent with diminished mutational robustness of high-fidelity PV. The nucleoside (rP) did not exhibit antiviral activity in cell culture owing to the inability of rP to be converted to rPMP by cellular nucleotide kinases. rP was also a poor substrate for herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. The block to nucleoside phosphorylation could be bypassed by treatment with the P nucleobase, which exhibited both antiviral activity and mutagenesis, presumably a reflection of rP nucleotide formation by a nucleotide salvage pathway. These studies provide additional support for lethal mutagenesis as an antiviral strategy, suggest that rPMP prodrugs may be highly efficacious antiviral agents, and provide a new tool to determine the sensitivity of RNA virus genomes to mutagenesis as well as interrogation of the impact of mutational load on the population dynamics of these viruses

Применение реверсивной технологии и активных методов в процессе обучения французскому языку

В статье представлены особенности технологии реверсивного обучения, показаны преимущества названной технологии в преподавании иностранных языков для студентов экономических направлений подготовки. Несмотря на гибкую структуру и возможность её применения в рамках любой дисциплины, автор подчеркивает основные принципы реверсивного обучения. Рассматриваются два типа реверсивного обучения и применение активных методов обучения (метод мозгового штурма, проектное обучение, метод критических инцидентов) на занятиях по французскому языку.L'article présente les caractéristiques de la techologie de la classe inversée, les avantages de cette technologie dans l’enseignement des langues étrangères pour les étudiants des facultés économiques. Malgré sa structure flexible et la possibilité de l’adapter à n’importe quelle matière, l’auteur appuie que la classe inversée repose sur les 4 piliers principaux. Les deux types de la classe inversée sont présentés. Le rémue-méninges, la méthode du projet et la méthode des cas sont les méthodes de la pédagogie active qu’on peut utiliser pendant les cours inversés

Breeding columnar apple-tree cultivars for supercompact growth habit

This work was based on the combinatorial breeding technique using donors of the columnar growth type (Co gene), sources of winter hardiness and high consumer qualities, and scab immunity donors (Rvi6 gene). The selection in the columnar apple-tree hybrid progeny was accompanied by the assessment of growth vigor, compactness degree, and seedling cultivability in accordance with the guidelines.Due to the increasing popularity of apple trees with the columnar crown type, the volume of breeding work for columnar growth  habit  at  the  Russian  Research  Institute  of  Fruit  Crop  Breeding  (VNIISPK)  over  the  past  9 years  amounted  to 133,582 flowers, or one third of the entire hybridization envisaged by the apple-tree breeding program. Meticulous selection of parent forms is carried out in order to incorporate a set of useful traits in the columnar growth habit genotype. Both cultivars and hybrid forms serve as sources and donors of the traits interesting for breeders. All the studied cultivars released by VNIISPK are dwarf: their height is within the range from 287 cm (cv. ‘Priokskoe’) to 198 cm (cv. ‘Orlovskaya Yesenia’), and they can be recommended for both commercial plantations and amateur gardens. The columnar form 34-34-98 is characterized by a unique degree of compactness (the ratio of the internode length to the shoot diameter) equal to 0.4 versus the average value of 1.6 for this indicator in the studied columnar cultivars. This form was involved in the release of 78 promising hybrid seedlings, the best of which (38.5%) were transferred to the garden for primary variety trials. A large yield of seedlings characterized by high compactness in the progeny of the columnar apple tree 34-34-98 makes it possible to recommend it for the development of new apple-tree genotypes for highly cost-effective orchards with high tree planting density

About H-models Of Noninertial System

In this paper we consider the problem of modeling noninertial processes with stochastic dependence between the input variables. Such processes are called H-processes ("tubular" structure processes). A new class of parametric identification algorithms with the indicator function of multidimensional static objects is suggested to use. The results of some computational experiments are presented