Migrant Labour in the Russian Economy: a Burden or a Blessing?

The article discusses the potential threats and benefits of external labour migration for the Russian economy through establishing cause-effect relations between the migration processes and the current economic situation. The analysis of statistical data on the development of Russian regions and on the demographic, migration, and financial trends in the country allows us to assess the potential risks of using the labour of external migrants. External migration may damage the Russian economy: it may result in depreciation of the Russian rouble; a growing de cit in the balance of payments; and in an increasing loads on the country’s pension system. We should not forget, however, that external migration can also bring a number of benefits: it can rejuvenate the population and supply human resources to those Russian regions which experience the shortages of the workforce for blue-collar jobs. Moreover, migrants make contributions to the federal budget by paying fees for work patents. The state government may use the results of this research to improve its migration and labour policy and to develop a state program to stimulate external and internal migrants to find employment in workforce shortage areas. This research shows the connection between labour migration and economic activity of local population; reveals the factors of external labour migration; and analyzes the effect migration has on the host country

Migrant labour in the Russian economy: a burden or a blessing?

The article discusses the potential threats and benefits of external labour migration for the Russian economy through establishing cause-effect relations between the migration processes and the current economic situation. The analysis of statistical data on the development of Russian regions and on the demographic, migration, and financial trends in the country allows us to assess the potential risks of using the labour of external migrants. External migration may damage the Russian economy: it may result in depreciation of the Russian rouble; a growing de cit in the balance of payments; and in an increasing loads on the country’s pension system. We should not forget, however, that external migration can also bring a number of benefits: it can rejuvenate the population and supply human resources to those Russian regions which experience the shortages of the workforce for blue-collar jobs. Moreover, migrants make contributions to the federal budget by paying fees for work patents. The state government may use the results of this research to improve its migration and labour policy and to develop a state program to stimulate external and internal migrants to find employment in workforce shortage areas. This research shows the connection between labour migration and economic activity of local population; reveals the factors of external labour migration; and analyzes the effect migration has on the host country

Понятие «налоговая осведомленность» и ее влияние на уровень финансовой грамотности граждан

For Russia to become a socially oriented country its population should be kept well informed about the current tax legislation. The article discusses the concept of tax awareness and its relation to the concept of tax culture. The author describes the measures necessary to raise tax awareness in the Russian society, which involves increasing the population’s knowledge about tax legislation and identifying the factors preventing people from paying their taxes on time and in full. Raising tax awareness is also linked to enhancement of financial literacy among various age and gender groups with different tax status. Conceptually, this research is based on the attribution theory, planned behaviour theory and the social learning theory. The author sought to prove the hypothesis that the state is not interested in increasing the population’s tax literacy, which is one of the main components of financial literacy, because the government is incapable of answering the questions: how can citizens exercise their right to free education, free health care and social benefits, and who is actually entitled to these services and benefits? Methodologically, the research included a survey of heterogeneous social groups with different age, gender, social and tax status: young people, students, employed population, retirees, tax residents and foreign nationals. The article outlines measures that can keep people informed about tax legislation. Respondents were asked to rank these measures on a scale of one to five according to their importance. The article also describes the factors preventing law abiding citizens from paying taxes to budgets of different levels. These are the factors that tax authorities and the Ministry of Finance should be dealing with in the first place.HighlightsThe taxpayers should not be forced or bullied into performing their duties but instead they should be treated by the state as equal partnersTax authorities should conduct a well-organized campaign promoting responsible taxpaying and explaining why it is importantIt is shown that tax awareness of the population depends on people’s tax mentality and tax morality, which constitute tax cultureFor citationKoretskaya-Garmash V. A. Taxation Awareness and its Impact on Financial Literacy. Journal of Tax Reform, 2017, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 131–142. DOI: 10.15826/jtr.2017.3.2.036Article infoReceived May 7, 2017; accepted June 20, 2017Для того чтобы Россия стала социально-ориентированной страной, ее население должно быть хорошо информировано о действующем налоговом законодательстве. Целью проведенного исследования являлось определение налоговой осведомленности российского общества, что необходимо для устранения пробелов в знаниях налогового законодательства, а также повышения уровня финансовой грамотности среди граждан разных половозрастных групп и с разным налоговым статусом. В статье аргументировано утверждается, что изучение уровня осведомленности налогоплательщиков целесообразно проводить через теории атрибуции, запланированного поведения и социальной теории обучения. Исследование проводилось методом эксперимента среди различных групп населения неоднородных по своему составу: возрасту, полу, социальному и налоговому статусу (молодежи, студентов, работающих граждан, пенсионеров, налоговых резидентов и нерезидентов). В статье рассмотрено соотношение понятий «налоговая осведомленность» и «налоговая культура». Автор стремился доказать гипотезу, что государство не интересуется увеличением налоговой грамотности населения. Доказательство строилось на том, что правительство неспособно ответить на вопросы о том, как граждане могут реализовать свое право на бесплатное образование, здравоохранение и социальные пособия, а также кто на самом деле наделен правом на эти услуги. Предложены мероприятия, ранжированные по степени важности и значимости по пятибалльной шкале, которые позволяют устранить пробелы в знаниях налогового законодательства. Выявлены преграды, мешающие законопослушным гражданам своевременно и в полном объеме платить налоги в бюджеты соответствующих уровней, на которые нужно обратить первостепенное внимание сотрудникам налоговых органов и Министерству финансов Российской Федерации.Основные положенияНалогоплательщиков не нужно заставлять или запугивать, их нужно сделать партнерами, а не враждующими сторонамиНалоговые органы должны провести хорошо организованную кампанию по продвижению положения «ответственный налогоплательщик» и пояснить всю важность этого процессаОсведомленность налогоплательщиков формируется под влиянием налогового менталитета и налоговой морали, позволяющим получить достаточные знания для формирования налоговой культурыДля цитированияКорецкая-Гармаш В. А. Понятие «налоговая осведомленность» и ее влияние на уровень финансовой грамотности граждан / В. А. Корецкая-Гармаш // Journal of Tax Reform. — 2017. — Т. 3, № 2. — С. 131–142. — DOI: 10.15826/jtr.2017.3.2.036Информация о статьеДата поступления 7 мая 2017 г.; дата принятия к печати 20 июня 2017 г

PATHOMORPHISM OF INFILTRATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS FOR A 20-YEAR PERIOD

Pattern of age, sex and social composition of newly diagnosed patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis was studied as well as characteristic features of the developed particular process and its clinical manifestations in three phases, covering a 20-year period, of observation (1989 - 105 patients, 2004 - 161 patients, 2009 - 399 patients). It was found that for 20 years infiltrative tuberculosis was subjected to significant pathomorphism which showed an increase in the proportion of cases among persons of older age groups and. women, an increasing role of exogenous superinfection and. concomitant diseases of the risk group in its pathogenesis, growth of damage at a constant rate of destruction and. bacterioexcretion. It is stated that in the dynamics there is an increase in frequency of primary drug resistance in tuberculosis Mycobacterium and. the loading of its structure. The features of clinical and. laboratory manifestations of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis are distinguished in modern conditions

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE TUBERCULOSIS PATHOMORPHISM IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Not only the growth of the death, rate and the morbidity rate can be considered as epidemiological manifestation. of the tuberculosis pathomorfism in modern conditions but also the changes of biological properties of the activator. Since 2003 till 2011 mycobacterium drug resistance with the patients with the newly diagnosed infiltrative tuberculosis which is of the most frequent occurrence has increased 1,4 times. The mycobacterium drug resistance has undergone the apparent qualitative changes. The percent of multidrug resistance has also increased. The combination of multidrug resistance and rescue therapy drug resistance has become more often. At the same time bacterioexcretin has become more profuse, mycobacterium growth rate has become slower and. the fact proves there is an interaction between two their biological properties - drug resistance and. growing power

PRIMARY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM ACCORDING TO DATA OF KRASNOYARSK REGIONAL TUBERCULOSIS DISPENSARY № 1 IN-PATIENT DEPARTMENT

This study of multidrug resistance (MDR) of tuberculosis mycobacterium. (TMB) frequency has revealed, that in 2011 28,4 % persons discharging bacteria with, newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis had multidrug resistance of tuberculosis mycobacterium and among them are (70,1 %), rural population. (57,7 %), non-workers of employable age (56,7 %) prevailed. Among patients with, multidrug resistance (MDR) of tuberculosis mycobacterium. (TMB) there was a great propotion of patients with, disseminated tuberculosis (39,2 %), infiltrative tuberculosis (44,3 %), caseous pneumonia (7,2 %); there were 55,6 % of cases with profuse bacterioexcretin due to the violation of the Chest X-ray examination, terms. 45,3 % of patients with multidrug resistance also had. resistance to other essential antituberculosis drugs; in 54,7 % cases besides combination of this resistance there was also the rescue therapy drug resistance. Medical comment was made that under modern conditions it is not advisable to use chemotherapy of the first mode with patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis

Понятие «налоговая осведомленность» и ее влияние на уровень финансовой грамотности граждан

Для того чтобы Россия стала социально-ориентированной страной, ее население должно быть хорошо информировано о действующем налоговом законодательстве. Целью проведенного исследования являлось определение налоговой осведомленности российского общества, что необходимо для устранения пробелов в знаниях налогового законодательства, а также повышения уровня финансовой грамотности среди граждан разных половозрастных групп и с разным налоговым статусом. В статье аргументировано утверждается, что изучение уровня осведомленности налогоплательщиков целесообразно проводить через теории атрибуции, запланированного поведения и социальной теории обучения. Исследование проводилось методом эксперимента среди различных групп населения неоднородных по своему составу: возрасту, полу, социальному и налоговому статусу (молодежи, студентов, работающих граждан, пенсионеров, налоговых резидентов и нерезидентов). В статье рассмотрено соотношение понятий «налоговая осведомленность» и «налоговая культура». Автор стремился доказать гипотезу, что государство не интересуется увеличением налоговой грамотности населения. Доказательство строилось на том, что правительство неспособно ответить на вопросы о том, как граждане могут реализовать свое право на бесплатное образование, здравоохранение и социальные пособия, а также кто на самом деле наделен правом на эти услуги. Предложены мероприятия, ранжированные по степени важности и значимости по пятибалльной шкале, которые позволяют устранить пробелы в знаниях налогового законодательства. Выявлены преграды, мешающие законопослушным гражданам своевременно и в полном объеме платить налоги в бюджеты соответствующих уровней, на которые нужно обратить первостепенное внимание сотрудникам налоговых органов и Министерству финансов Российской Федерации.For Russia to become a socially oriented country its population should be kept well informed about the current tax legislation. The article discusses the concept of tax awareness and its relation to the concept of tax culture. The author describes the measures necessary to raise tax awareness in the Russian society, which involves increasing the population’s knowledge about tax legislation and identifying the factors preventing people from paying their taxes on time and in full. Raising tax awareness is also linked to enhancement of financial literacy among various age and gender groups with different tax status. Conceptually, this research is based on the attribution theory, planned behaviour theory and the social learning theory. The author sought to prove the hypothesis that the state is not interested in increasing the population’s tax literacy, which is one of the main components of financial literacy, because the government is incapable of answering the questions: how can citizens exercise their right to free education, free health care and social benefits, and who is actually entitled to these services and benefits? Methodologically, the research included a survey of heterogeneous social groups with different age, gender, social and tax status: young people, students, employed population, retirees, tax residents and foreign nationals. The article outlines measures that can keep people informed about tax legislation. Respondents were asked to rank these measures on a scale of one to five according to their importance. The article also describes the factors preventing law abiding citizens from paying taxes to budgets of different levels. These are the factors that tax authorities and the Ministry of Finance should be dealing with in the first place

TIMELY DETECTION OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

This study presents analysis of the timely detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1334 patients who underwent treatment in the Regional TB Dispensary N1 in Krasnoyarsk city in 2010-2011. Late detection of tuberculosis was established in 60,2 %, and factors which are contributing to it were as following: the male, living in rural areas, social vulnerability, and. violation of the regulated terms of X-ray examination. The significance of late diagnosed patients to increase the reservoir of tuberculosis infection and spread of drug-resistant strains among the population was shown. It was determined that an increase in coverage of population by preventive X-ray examinations resulted in improvement of quality indicators only in 2,6 % of active detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in the form of growing proportion of the patients revealed during preventive examinations timely, as well as reducing proportion of fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis and. post-mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis among the newly diagnosed patients. During the active detection of TB among population with a focus of work on real, established during the research, its groups the conclusion about the need to use the obtained results was made

Measles (lecture)

The article provides comprehensive review of different aspects of measles. Definition of disease, historical overview, measles in the world epidemiology and in the countries bordering Ukraine over the recent years, particularities of measles epidemiology in Ukraine are given in details. Etiology of measles virus including known genomic structure and viral proteins list, genetic changeability of the virus. Particularities of measles epidemiological process are discussed, criteria of determination of morbidity level and contagiosity of the given disease are outlined. Detailed pathogenesis of measles in different periods of disease is provided, reciprocal influence of the disease and vitamin A metabolism is given. Particularities of humoral and cellular immunological response, including those in early-aged and in patients with immune deficiency are described. Possibility of development of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is pointed out; currently accepted causes of this complication development, its immunological and virological particularities are summarized. Pathogenetic mecha­nisms of rash development, com­plications as well as morphological changes in different organs and systems are given. The article gives both international and different clinical classifications of measles. Clinical manifestations of typical and atypical measles course are described in details by syndromes and according to disease periods. Particularities of measles course at different premorbid conditions are described. The article provides colored photos which illustrate clinical mani­festations of measles manifestation on the skin and mucosa at different disease periods

Main characteristics and prognosis of development of HIV epidemic in Dnipropetrovsk region.

The epidemiological situation on HIV infection in Ukraine remains complicated due to high morbidity and mortality, which requires a comprehensive study of this problem. Purpose of work: to clarify the main patterns and characteristics of prevalence of HIV infection in Dnipropetrovsk region and develop a forecast for changes in the main epidemic indicators. The study was based on reports from the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and Dnipropetrovsk Regional Center for AIDS Prevention and Control. (2005-2017). To determine the main trends of development and forecasting the epidemiological situation, methods of analysis of time series with the calculation of chain growth rates and regression analysis were used. Analysis of the number of newly registered cases of HIV infection and AIDS over a 13-year period (2005-2017) showed an increase in figures for HIV by 1.5 times,  for AIDS - by 2.4 times in Ukraine and in Dnipropetrovsk region – by 1.9 times and 3.0 times, respectively. A significant prevalence of HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Dnipropetrovsk region as compared with national indicators in some years of the study and on average over the entire observation period was determined – 92.8±4.2 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand and 45.2±5.2 cases of AIDS per 100 thousand in the region versus 41.0±1.4 and 16.1±1.6 per 100 thousand of the population in Ukraine (p<0.001). According to prognostic algorithms, in Dnipropetrovsk region until 2020, the annual AIDS incidence rate is expected to increase to 80.7±2.56 cases per 100 thousand people; AIDS mortality to 33.7±0.99 per 100 thousand people, which also predicts an increase in the incidence and mortality associated with opportunistic infections. A calculated forecast of HIV incidence rates and newly registered AIDS cases in Ukraine and the region for the coming years may be useful for predicting the number of opportunistic infections and calculating the needs for hospitalization and treatment of HIV/AIDS patients