Cost Effective Design of Sustainable Concrete Using Marble Waste as Coarse Aggregate

In the present study attempts have been made to obtain sustainable and cost effective concrete product by use of marble waste. Aggregate obtained from marble quarry waste was used as 75% part of coarse aggregate and rest was conventional coarse aggregate. It was observed that, compressive strength was almost same as that of the control concrete. Durability properties like permeability and chloride ion penetration improved by approximately 30% and 15%, respectively. Resistance to acids and carbonation were least affected. Cost comparison showed with 24% less cement requirement, 14% reduction in cost of concrete was achieved when marble waste was used with packing density approach for design of concrete mixes. By minimizing the cement content without losing mechanical and durability properties of concrete resulting in reduction of global cement production from 4.2 billion tons to 1.01 billion tons and correspondingly it reduces CO2 emission from 3.95 billion tons by 3.02 billion tons

AVAILABILITY OF MINERAL ELEMENTS IN AN EXOTIC WEED ALTERNANTHERA TENELLA COLLA VAR. TENELLA VELDK

Objectives To study mineral status of an exotic weed Alternanthera tenella colla var. tenella veldk.Methods Mineral analysis in the leaves was carried out by acid digestion method as described by Toth et al. (1948). Sodium and potassium wereestimated by flame photometer, Model-Elico, ch-22A. Remaining inorganic elements viz. calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc,copper, and cobalt were estimated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Perkin-Elmer, 3030 A.Result Potassium content of the leaves was high (4.11%) while nitrate content was very low (0.065%) with respect to major elements. In case ofminor elements manganese is present at higher concentration (190.75 ppm) while molybdenum in very less quantity (0.10 ppm).Conclusion This study reveals that leaves of A. tenella var. tenella may be used as supplementary diet to human as well as livestock.Keywords: Alternanthera tenella var. tenella, Exotic weed, Invasive alien, Mineral elements

Packing Density Approach for Sustainable Development of Concrete

This paper deals with the details of optimized mix design for normal strength concrete using particle packing density method. Also the concrete mixes were designed as per BIS: 10262-2009. Different water-cement ratios were used and kept same in both design methods. An attempt has been made to obtain sustainable and cost effective concrete product by use of particle packing density method. The parameters such as workability, compressive strength, cost analysis and carbon di oxide emission were discussed. The results of the study showed that, the compressive strength of the concrete produced by packing density method are closer to that of design compressive strength of BIS code method. By adopting the packing density method for design of concrete mixes, resulted in 11% cost saving with 12% reduction in carbon di oxide emission

A comparative study of efficacy of misoprostol with methyl ergometrine and carboprost in active management of third stage of labour

Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of Misoprostol 800ug per rectally in active management of third stage of labour.Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 200 pregnant women who delivered after 34 weeks of gestation at a tertiary teaching institute were included. The women were divided in to 4 groups by using randomization depending on the drug given at birth of anterior shoulder. Group A were given 800ug of Misoprostol per rectally, Group B were given 0.2mg of methyl ergometrine, Group C were given 125ug of Carboprost and Group D was the control group. The duration of third stage of labor and the blood loss was calculated and the results of all four groups were compared.Results: Out of 200 antenatal women, the average duration of third stage of labor was shortest in the misoprostol group (8.88 minutes).The reduction in blood loss was significant with misoprostol as compared to ergometrine (p=0.016) and carboprost (0.009).The difference in pre and post-delivery hemoglobin was also significantly significant with misoprostol as compared to methyl ergometrine (0.048), carboprost (0.0001) and control (0.006).Conclusions: Misoprostol 800ug per rectally is an effective alternative in the active management of third stage of labor as compared to methyl ergometrine and carboprost

Screening of gestational diabetes mellitus: comparison of glucose challenge test done in non fasting state (DIPSI criteria) and fasting state (WHO criteria): a prospective study

Background: The recent data shows 16.55% prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in India. Hence universal screening has become important and we need a simple procedure which is economical and feasible to perform in the Indian context. The comparison of screening methods for gestational diabetes mellitus by 75 gm oral glucose challenge testing done in fasting state (WHO) and non-fasting (DIPSI) state was done.Methods: Cross sectional prospective study done on 225 antenatal women between 20-24 weeks coming to tertiary level hospital in a single working unit were included. They were subjected to two screening glucose challenge tests for detection of gestational diabetes mellitus. Results of glucose challenge tests using 75 gm of anhydrous glucose done in fasting and non fasting state were compared. Values of standard 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test done were considered gold standard.Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was found to be 12.4% by oral glucose tolerance testing. Glucose challenge test with 75 gm done in fasting state was abnormal in 14.7% and abnormal in 15.6% done in non fasting state. The sensitivity of 75 gm GCT done in fasting was 60.7% and the sensitivity of 75 gm GCT done in non fasting state was 67.9%. The specificity of 75 gm GCT done in fasting state was 91.9% and the specificity of 75 gm GCT done in non fasting state was 91.9%.Conclusions: Sensitivity and specificity of the screening tests done by 75 gm GCT done in non fasting state is comparable with screening done in fasting state. Screening done by 75 gm GCT done in non fasting state is convenient and more feasible in Indian setup

Newborn birth weight: a trend towards positive paradigm shift in rural central India

Background: Birth weight is one of the important determinants of neonatal wellbeing. It has many determinants including maternal nutritional status and gestational age. Low birth weight is associated with high neonatal and childhood mortality and morbidity. Over the years the birth weight is showing the increasing trend in developing countries like India. The study aimed at finding out the changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India.Methods: Retrospective data of 43,114 births was collected through hospital information system. Neonatal birth weight was analyzed over a period of 10 years from 2007-2016. Demographic data was studied to study the determinants.Results: Over the period of 10 years, proportion of newborn with low birth weight (below 2500 grams) declined from 56.35 % to 43.65 %. The rise in mean birth weight was 147 gram in male infant and 114 grams in female. There was overall reduction in proportion of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight babies. A linear relationship was observed between improved birth weight, socio economic status, age at marriage and maternal weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusions: A positive trend towards improved newborn birth weight was observed in study site of rural central India. Better antenatal care, improved maternal nutrition and improved social status of women in the community are the determinants found to have a positive correlation

KOMBINASI DAUN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) DAN DAUN PAPAYA (Carica papaya) DALAM RANSUM TERNAK KAMBING KACANG (Combination of gamal (Gliricidia sepium) and papaya (Carica papaya) leaves in ration supplement of kacang goat)

This study examined the effect of the use of gliricidia leaves and papaya leaves in rations on the growth of kacang goats. The male Kacang goat, growth age (1 - 1.5 years) as many as 12 tails with an initial body weight of 13.55 ± 0.036 kg (BW ± standard error) were used as experimental animals. The experimental design used is a complete randomized design of factorial patterns 2 x 2 with two factors, namely, gliricidia leaf factor (A) with two levels of giving (a1 15% and a2 30%), papaya leaf factor (B) with two levels of giving (b1 5% and b2 10%) so that 4 treatment combinations are formed. The combination of treatments is, a1b1, a1b2, a2b1 and a2b2. The treatment was repeated 3 times to form 12 experimental units. The parameters tested were the consumption and digesting of dry matter as well as ration nutrients, weight gain and efficiency of ration use. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by the Duncan test to compare between treatments. The results showed that there was no significant interaction (P >0.05) on all the parameters measured. The response of goat to parameters is more influenced by the single effect of gliricidia leaves and papaya leaves. The response to the use of gliricidia leaves is 30% and papaya leaves are 10% higher than the level of use below. It was concluded that the use of gliricidia leaves and papaya leaves can increase goat growth but the combination has not provided a significant interaction for it requires further study with a combination of higher levels

Pertanian Pekarangan Ramah Lingkungan dan Berkelanjutan bagi Perempuan Semau

Kegiatan pengabdian oleh komunitas Kupang Batanam dilakukan di pulau Semau dalam program GEF SGP Fase VI mempunyai tujuan untuk mengajak mama-mama mengembangkan pertanian pekarangan agar terciptanya kawasan rumah pangan lestari yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan keluarga. Tantangan ekologis, sosial dan ekonomi dalam kegiatan ini adalah a) belum terlihat dengan baik adanya sayuran atau tanaman di pekarangan rumah yang dapat dikonsumsi. Kalaupun ada hanya 1-2 orang per desa untuk sayuran hortikultura (sawi dan kangkung) naqmun menggunakan pupuk dan pestisida kimia. Hal ini juga berpengaruh terhadap menu sayuran yang disajikan masih terbatas jenisnya, b) kurangnya pengatahuan warga tentang dampak dari limbah rumah tangga (sampah) yang dibuang sembarangan dan c) pengeluaran kebutuhan akan sayuran masih merupakan hal yang harus dilakukan setiap hari (Rp. 5.000-10.000/hari) dan itu pasti karena terbatasnya sumber sayuran. Target luaran utama adalah 1) terdapat 125 mama-mama di pulau Semau yang dapat mengembangkan pertanian pekarangan ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan 2) minimal 95% mama-mama dapat membuat 10 L pupuk organik cair dan 10 Kg pupuk organik padat setiap bulan 3) minimal 95% mama-mama dapat mengurangi pengeluaran membeli sayur. Pelaksanakan kegiatan dilakukan pada tahun 2018-2019 meliputi penyuluhan, pelatihan, demplot, pendampingan, monitoring-evaluasi dan keberlanjutan kegiatan. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu a) terdapat 125 mama-mama yang mengembangkan pertanian pekarangan ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan yang tersebar di 5 desa pulau Semau, b) 100% mama-mama dapat memproduksi pupuk organik cair 40 L dan padat 25 Kg setiap bulan dan c) 100% mamamama dapat menghemat uang belanja untuk membeli sayur sebesar Rp. 150.000 – 300.000,./bula

Species diversity of genus Riccia (Mich.) L. in Satara district (Maharashtra) India

Satara district (Maharastra), part of central Western Ghats exhibits unique topographical and climatic conditions that support rich bryoflora. This paper describes species diversity of genus Riccia (Mich.) L. along with the distributional pattern in the studied area. Key to the existing species and description with field photographs are also provided