The Importance of Seeming Earnest: Emotion Work and Leadership in Theater Worlds

Although leaders can always use formal power to establish their authority, they do so at risk of alienating group members. By studying theater workers who must establish authority without having the opportunity to establish their expertise, I find a third way of establishing authority: through emotion work that shows commitment to the group and its goals. By employing in-depth interviewing, participant observation, and qualitative content analysis, I find that stage managers establish their concern for the show and key actors by acting as emotional buffers, creating a safe psychological space, and preparing actors for the transition to performance. All of this work comes out of an emotional ideology that puts the good of the show first. Other leaders may be able to employ a similar emotional ideology to influence group members

Storage effects of gel encapsulation on stability of chokeberry monomeric anthocyanins, procyanidins, color density, and percent polymeric color

Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) are an antioxidant-rich plant product due to their high content of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins and procyanidins. These polyphenols have been shown to provide protection against coronary heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, as well as against oxidative stress, the main cause behind chronic diseases promoted by free radicals. The objective of this study was to determine the storage effects of gelatin encapsulation on monomeric anthocyanins, procyanidins, color density, and percent polymeric color of three gummy candies of different strengths formulated with a base of 25.4% chokeberry concentrate, 47.6% sucrose, 1.3% Splenda, and 0.025% potassium sorbate. The gum strengths varied by percentages of gelatin and water in the formulations, with 19.1:6.6, 17.8:7.9, and 16.5:9.2 ratios used to produce soft, medium, and hard strength gummies, respectively. Total monomeric anthocyanins, total procyanidins, color density, and percent polymeric color of the gummies were determined 1 day post-processing and after 2, 4, and 6 months of storage at refrigerated and room temperatures. Storage for 6 months at room temperature resulted in dramatic losses of monomeric anthocyanins (80-82%), total procyanidins (48-54%), and color density (76-80%). Anthocyanin losses during storage coincided with marked increases in percent polymeric color values indicating that anthocyanins and procyanidins underwent condensation reactions to form polymers. Refrigerated storage ameliorated losses of monomeric anthocyanins (61-65%), total procyanidins (17-22%), and color density (60-67%) over 6 months of storage compared to samples stored at ambient temperature. Refrigerated storage also ameliorated the increase in polymeric color values observed in samples stored at room temperature indicating condensation reactions responsible for polymer formation were retarded. Gum strength did not have a significant effect on retention of anthocyanins and procyanidins

Attachment methods for advanced spacecraft thermal control materials - An annotated bibliography, phase 1 Summary report supplement

Annotated bibliography on attachment methods for advanced spacecraft thermal control material

Coal Fires - An Environmental Disaster

The mission of the Coal Fire Gang (CFG) is to spread awareness about the global issue of uncontrolled coal fires, and to highlight them as a low-hanging fruit of immediate emissions reduction. This report summarizes CFG’s research for the WERC competition, for which this topic was chosen as an open task. Beyond raising awareness, CFG modeled, developed and built an experimentation apparatus meant to prove the validity of a relatively cheap extinguishing method which was also novel to the regions in which it could be employed. The apparatus, which simulated an underground coal fire, was used to test a sand and water extinguishing method. CFG’s results on the experimental research side suggest that the sand and water approach to extinguishing coal fires, though requiring attention and labor for long periods of time (up to a few years depending on how long the coal fire has been burning prior to extinguishing activities), is very cost effective. Exact economics of a particular coal fire would have to be determined on a case-by-case basis, depending on the size and age of the fire, but those costs include only sand, water, labor, and heavy equipment to transport the sand around. The proposed extinguishing technique involves capping all exhaust vents of a fire with sand, and then saturating the sand with water. The steam created by the water on contact with the heated ground and coal then expands and flows through the cavity, flowing out of what were originally combustion air influent vents. This flow reversal could significantly reduce the oxygen intake while also removing heat. Over time, as more vents are discovered or created, they can be capped in the same manner. On the economics side, CFG proved that even at conservative estimates of the cost to extinguish fires and the cost of alternative CO2 sequestering methods, extinguishing coal fires is the for immediate global emission reduction. CFG proposes that coal fires around the world are prioritized ahead of new and expensive technology for emission reduction, and that at the very least the emissions from coal fires are drawn into some regulating system so that they can be tracked and better managed

How Support Personnel Shape Artworks: the case of stage managers

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the link in this record.It is commonly accepted in the sociology of art that artworks are created in collaboration. In an attempt to take artworks seriously from a sociological perspective, this paper explores how the collaboration of all the members of an art world affect the artwork that is created. By employing in-depth interviewing, participant observation, and qualitative content analysis, I focus on one kind of support personnel in the theater art world - stage managers. I find two distinct ways in which stage managers affect the artistic outcomes of plays: making artistic choices and affecting the work that others do through non-artistic inputs

Study of attachment methods for advanced spacecraft thermal-control materials, phase 1 Summary report

Attachment methods for thermal control composite material system consisting of second-surface mirrors and multiple layer insulatio

Using Genetic Learning in Weight-Based Game AI

Human beings have been playing games for centuries, and over time, mankind has learned how to excel at these fun competitions. With the ever-growing interest in the field of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI), developers have been finding ways to let the game compete against the player much like another human would. While there are many approaches to humanlike learning in machines, this article will focus on using Evolutionary Optimization as a method to develop different levels of pseudo-thinking inan AI used for ato effectively play the Connect Four game

Extraction and Purification of Gamma-Tocotrienol from Rice Bran Oil Deodorizer Distillate

The tocols (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta- tocopherols (T); alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols (T3)) make up the vitamin E family of antioxidants. Tocols have many health benefits. Gamma-T3 has been shown to protect against harmful radiation effects in mice. During rice bran oil refining up to 90% of tocols in rice bran are lost to the deodorizer distillate. The objective of this study was to optimize parameters for analyzing and isolating tocols from rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD). NP-HPLC analysis of tocol standards was optimized by testing ten mobile phases. Tocol extraction was optimized by testing three concentration solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol) using various solvent:RBODD ratios (5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1) at two temperatures (4°C, -20°C). Hexane (HX)-ethyl acetate (EA)-acetic acid (AA) (97.3:1.8:0.9 v/v/v) provided baseline resolution of all eight tocols. All interactions including solvent*ratio*temperature had a significant effect on tocol levels in the extracts (

The rental for uncertainty and oligopolistic equilibrium

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 285-287)This dissertation is concerned with the imputation of rental income for entrepreneurial uncertainty. It begins with a review of the historical development of rent theory. Chapter I briefly summarizes contributions to the theory of rent from the time of the mercantilist economists to the neoclassical era. Chapter II considers the conditions giving rise to rents for functional inputs. It also considers the appropriate imputational procedures to be employed. It is shown that variable cost imputations are consistent with Marshall's view of rents. Chapters III and IV consider the rental income of nonfunctional inputs. In Chapter III Greenhut's model of entrepreneurial rents and competitive-oligopolistic equilibrium is considered. It is shown that the rental for nonfunctional inputs reflects the opportunity cost of the factor in question. In Chapter IV Greenhut's model of nonfunctional inputs is contrasted with Chamberlin's- It is shown that factor conformability requires production at optimum efficient scale. A utility-theoretic model of the market for entrepreneurial uncertainty is developed. This model indicates that factor conformability must always emerge in an industry characterized by competitive factor markets. Chapters V and VI are devoted to Baumol, Panzar, and Willig's model of monopolistic competition. Chapter V summarizes BP&VT's general theory of contestable markets. Chapter VI is more specifically concerned with an analysis of BPAW's behavioral postulates and monopolistically-competitive market structures. It is shown that BPAW's theory fails because their primary behavioral postulate, namely, that firms engage in entry-forestalling pricing behavior, is unacceptable under the assumption of fictionless entry and exit. Their theory also Tacks generality since it is based upon the fictional concept of the representative firm. Contrary to BP&Vs theory, it is shown that equilibrium is consistent with different industry configurations involving a multiplicity of size-distributions of firms..

The rental for uncertainty and oligopolistic equilibrium

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 285-287)This dissertation is concerned with the imputation of rental income for entrepreneurial uncertainty. It begins with a review of the historical development of rent theory. Chapter I briefly summarizes contributions to the theory of rent from the time of the mercantilist economists to the neoclassical era. Chapter II considers the conditions giving rise to rents for functional inputs. It also considers the appropriate imputational procedures to be employed. It is shown that variable cost imputations are consistent with Marshall's view of rents. Chapters III and IV consider the rental income of nonfunctional inputs. In Chapter III Greenhut's model of entrepreneurial rents and competitive-oligopolistic equilibrium is considered. It is shown that the rental for nonfunctional inputs reflects the opportunity cost of the factor in question. In Chapter IV Greenhut's model of nonfunctional inputs is contrasted with Chamberlin's- It is shown that factor conformability requires production at optimum efficient scale. A utility-theoretic model of the market for entrepreneurial uncertainty is developed. This model indicates that factor conformability must always emerge in an industry characterized by competitive factor markets. Chapters V and VI are devoted to Baumol, Panzar, and Willig's model of monopolistic competition. Chapter V summarizes BP&VT's general theory of contestable markets. Chapter VI is more specifically concerned with an analysis of BPAW's behavioral postulates and monopolistically-competitive market structures. It is shown that BPAW's theory fails because their primary behavioral postulate, namely, that firms engage in entry-forestalling pricing behavior, is unacceptable under the assumption of fictionless entry and exit. Their theory also Tacks generality since it is based upon the fictional concept of the representative firm. Contrary to BP&Vs theory, it is shown that equilibrium is consistent with different industry configurations involving a multiplicity of size-distributions of firms..