Mediasi Merupakan Salah Satu Alternatif Penyelesaian Masalah dalam Sengketa Perdagangan Internasional

Oleh : Revy S.M. Kora

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian Imunisasi Hepatitis B 0

Latar Belakang : Hepatitis B adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus Hepatitis B yang menyerang hat. Salah satu upaya pencegahan Hepatitis B 0 adalah pemberian Imunisasi pada bayi berumur 0-7 hari.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apakah yang mepengaruhi dalam pemberian Imunisasi Hepatitis B 0 di Puskesmas Kombos.Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan populasi 419 ibu yang mempunyai bayi 1 bulan hingga 11 bulan yang dilakukan kepada 82 responden. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari data primer dan data sekunder dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data. Kemudian data diolah mengambarkan karakteristik data dari masing-masing variabel melalui tabel distribusi frekwensi. Mengetahui hubungan independent dan dependent dengan uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p=0,05 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95 %.Hasil : menunjukkan tingkat pendidikan tidak berhubungan dengan status pemberian Imunisasi Hepatitis B 0, yang memperoleh nilai p=0,887. sesuai hasil analisis secara bivariat tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan dengan status pemberian Imunisai Hepatitis B 0, yang memperoleh nilai p=0,026. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara bivariat tenaga penolong persalinan berhubungan dengan status pemberian Imunisasi Hepatitis B 0, yang memperoleh nilai p=0,029

Pengaruh Promosi Kesehatan Tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan Terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

Latar Belakang : Tanda-tanda bahaya pada kehamilan merupakan suatu pertanda telah terjadinya masalah yang serius pada ibu hamil atau janin yang dikandungnya. Promosi kesehatan tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan, mengindentifikasi pengetahuan ibu hamil sesudah diberikan promosi kesehatan serta menganalisa pengaruh promosi kesehatan tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi kesehatan tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil di Puskesmas Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan.Metode : penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain One-Group Pretest-Postest. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juni 2014. di Puskesmas Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Variabel bebas (Independent Variable) dalam penelitian ini adalah promosi kesehatan tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan. Variabel terikat (Dependent Variable) adalah pengetahuan ibu hamilHasil Penelitian : Hasil analisis dengan paired sample t-Test diperoleh nilai rata-rata pengetahuan ibu hamil sebesar 15,37 dan sesudah diberikan promosi kesehatan tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan sebesar 21,06 dengan thitung adalah 16,371 dan signifikansi lebih kecil dari 5% (p= 0,000< 0,05).Kesimpulan : ada perbedaan pengetahuan responden sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan

ADVERSE EFFECTS AND SIDE EFFECTS ON VITAMIN THERAPY: A REVIEW

Vitamins are essential to our day to day life. Its shortage in our body can cause many disorders, decreased enzyme activities also affects the genetic factors. Vitamins should be supplied through the diet in the required amount. If it is not supplied properly, vitamin tablets will be prescribed. And also vitamin tablets are the co-medication for therapies like anticancer, anti tubercular, anti viral anti HIV treatments. Many news papers reported that vitamin therapies are causing major health problems like nephro/ urolithiasis, it can increases mortality rates in smokers by increasing the risk of lung cancer, it can cause abortion when it is taken during pregnancy. Thus here we reviewed the adverse effects of vitamin therapy from various reported cases, books, instructions provided from various health organizations and also news papers and magazines. It can help health professionals to control and monitor the vitamin therapies and make awareness about the adverse effects and possible side effects of regular vitamin uptake to society

Dual FGF-2 and Intergrin α5β1 Signaling Mediate GRAF-Induced RhoA Inactivation in a Model of Breast Cancer Dormancy

Interactions with the bone marrow stroma regulate dormancy and survival of breast cancer micrometastases. In an in vitro model of dormancy in the bone marrow, we previously demonstrated that estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells are partially re-differentiated by FGF-2, re-express integrin α5β1 lost with malignant transformation and acquire an activated PI3K/Akt pathway. Ligation of integrin α5β1 by fibronectin and activation of the PI3K pathway both contribute to survival of these dormant cells. Here, we investigated mechanisms responsible for the dormant phenotype. Experiments demonstrate that integrin α5β1 controls de novo cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell spreading, focal adhesion kinase rearrangement to the cell perimeter and recruitment of a RhoA GAP known as GRAF. This results in the inactivation of RhoA, an effect which is necessary for the stabilization of cortical actin. Experiments also demonstrate that activation of the PI3K pathway by FGF-2 is independent of integrin α5β1 and is also required for cortical actin reorganization, GRAF membrane relocalization and RhoA inactivation. These data suggest that GRAF-mediated RhoA inactivation and consequent phenotypic changes of dormancy depend on dual signaling by FGF-2-initiated PI3K activation and through ligation of integrin α5β1 by fibronectin

Shifting patterns of genomic variation in the somatic evolution of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Shows Single Nucleotide Substitutions in the MAPK Pathway. (XLSX 43 kb

A novel asymmetric 3D in-vitro assay for the study of tumor cell invasion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The induction of tumor cell invasion is an important step in tumor progression. Due to the cost and slowness of <it>in-vivo </it>invasion assays, there is need for quantitative <it>in-vitro </it>invasion assays that mimic as closely as possible the tumor environment and in which conditions can be rigorously controlled.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We have established a novel asymmetric 3D in-vitro invasion assay by embedding a monolayer of tumor cells between two layers of collagen. The cells were then allowed to invade the upper and lower layers of collagen. To visualize invading cells the gels were sectioned perpendicular to the monolayer so that after seeding the monolayer appears as a thin line precisely defining the origin of invasion. The number of invading tumor cells, their proliferation rate, the distance they traverse and the direction of invasion could then be determined quantitatively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The assay was used to compare the invasive properties of several tumor cell types and the results compare well with those obtained by previously described assays. Lysyl-oxidase like protein-2 (Loxl2) is a potent inducer of invasiveness. Using our assay we show for the first time that inhibition of endogenous Loxl2 expression in several types of tumor cells strongly inhibits their invasiveness. We also took advantage of the asymmetric nature of the assay in order to show that fibronectin enhances the invasiveness of breast cancer cells more potently than laminin. The asymmetric properties of the assay were also used to demonstrate that soluble factors derived from fibroblasts can preferentially attract invading breast cancer cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our assay displays several advantages over previous invasion assays as it is allows the quantitative analysis of directional invasive behavior of tumor cells in a 3D environment mimicking the tumor microenvironment. It should be particularly useful for the study of the effects of components of the tumor microenvironment on tumor cell invasiveness.</p