Diverzita suchozemských plžů rodu Helix a jejich příbuzných (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicidae) od počátků ve Středomoří po postglaciální střední Evropu

6 ABSTRAKT Čeleď Helicidae (hlemýžďovití) zahrnuje největší a nejznámější suchozemské plže západního Pa- learktu, nicméně až donedávna se znalost její diverzity opírala převážně o práce z počátku dva- cátého století. Řešení řady taxonomických problémů a pochopení biogeografické historie čeledi si přitom žádalo uplatnění molekulárně-fylogenetických analýz. Tato práce se zaměřuje na skupi- nu východostředomořských rodů hlemýžďovitých, především přímo na typový rod Helix Linnae- us, 1758 (hlemýžď). Počínaje zkoumáním diverzity a příbuzenských vztahů linií ve východním Středomoří a Anatolii sleduje jejich cestu od místa jejich diverzifikace až po jejich výskyt v post- glaciální fauně střední Evropy. Předkládané výsledky jsou převážně založené na analýzách sekvencí mitochondriálních genů, konchologických pozorováních a radiokarbonovém datování holocenních subfosilních nálezů. Porovnávali jsme diverzitu mitochondriálních linií v rodě Helix se závěry nové, na morfologii založené taxonomické revize rodu. Podařilo se nám shromáždit re- prezentativní data, pokrývající téměř všechny v současnosti uznávané druhy, stejně jako po- tenciálně příbuzné rody a podrody. Revidovali jsme vymezení rodu a upozornili na zřejmě rozdílný přístup k vymezování druhů v rodě Helix oproti některým jeho příbuzným. Centrem hluboké...5 ABSTRACT The family Helicidae comprises the largest and most widely known land snails of the Western Palaearctic. Yet the knowledge of its diversity until recently relied largely on morphology-based taxonomic work from the early 20th century. Molecular phylogenetic data were needed to resolve several taxonomic issues and to understand the biogeographic history of the group. This thesis focuses on an Eastern Mediterranean group of helicid genera, and in particular on the type genus of the family, Helix Linnaeus, 1758. From exploring the diversity and relationships of Eastern Mediterranean and Anatolian lineages, this work follows them on their way from diversification centre up to the postglacial fauna of Central Europe. The results are based on analyses of sequences of mitochondrial genes, conchological examinations, and radiocarbon dating of Holocene subfossils. First, we compared the lineage diversity of Helix with the conclusions of a recently published morphology-based taxonomic revision. We assembled a representative dataset covering almost all species of the genus as now recognized, as well as most of potentially related genus-level taxa. We refined the genus limits, revealed several species whose delimitation may require further revision, and pointed out probable differences in how species are...Katedra ekologieDepartment of EcologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

On Helix grisea Linnaeus, 1758 and the Helix species described by Carl Linnaeus and Otto Friedrich Müller

Helix grisea was described by Linnaeus in 1758, and its identity has been doubtful ever since. The name features in the early taxonomic history of some other species of Helix sensu lato. Here I provide a summary of the history of its use. Mostly, the name was applied for the widespread species now accepted as Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller, 1774), while a few authors used it for Helix cincta O. F. Müller, 1774. Neither usage is in line with the Linnaeus' account. Based on a figure to which Linnaeus referred, I propose that the name originally applied to a species now known as Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 and as the first reviser, I give precedence to H. lucorum over H. grisea. In respect to C. aspersum, H. grisea cannot take precedence because of reversal of precedence according to Art. 23.9, and is pronounced a nomen oblitum. The case of H. grisea illustrates the importance of Müller's work for the taxonomy of the genus. In this respect it is regrettable that some of his species, including C. aspersum, lack a known and well documented type specimens

Tandonia kusceri (Pulmonata: Milacidae), a slug new for Slovakia

Tandonia kusceri (Wagner, 1931) is reported from Slovakia for the first time. The slug was found in the Ružinov and Petržalka housing estates, Bratislava, in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Our observations suggest that the species is well established in the Slovak capital. This finding calls for verification of some of the older reports of a similar species Tandonia rustica beyond the eastern border of its native range. Owing to unresolved taxonomic issues, the name T. kusceri should be applied only tentatively

Malacological news from the Czech and Slovak Republics in 2023

This paper presents important faunistic records conducted in the Czech and Slovak Republics during 2023. We also include records generated before 2023, which have yet to be published, mainly because their correct identification was unavailable earlier. In a separate section we present records of unintentionally introduced species, reported for the first time for the countries from greenhouses (Dryachloa dauca and Guppya gundlachii). The first outdoor colony of Melanoides tuberculata was found in a stream artificially heated by wastewater from the Dukovany nuclear power plant and Planorbella duryi found in a brook with thermal water flowing from the Sliač spa. Records of native species include findings of protected and rare species (e.g., Aplexa hypnorum, Ladislavella occulta, Daudebardia brevipes, and Theodoxus danubialis), but also still poorly known species (Ampullaceana lagotis and Pyramidula saxatilis). During 2023, many new records were made for non-native and currently spreading species as for example Clathrocaspia knipowitschii, Corbicula fluminea, Hygromia cinctella, Krynickillus melanocephalus, Sinanodonta woodiana, and Tandonia kusceri

Summary of the taxonomy of the genus Helix.

Despite the genus Helix Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) comprises large and common land snail species, it is rather neglected by taxonomists. A vast number of species and subspecies level taxa were described along 19th century, most of them currently not considered as valid. Nevertheless, there remain doubts about species delimitation. It is obvious, that there is great morphological variability in some species, but little is known about its taxonomic value. Today, about forty valid species are recognized. The diversity center of this genus is situated in northeastern Mediterranean. The distribution data of particular taxa are fragmentary and ecology of some species is largely unknown. No collections are still available from extensive areas, thus completion of field collecting can lead to changes in status of some taxa or perhaps even to description of new species. This work is based on the review of available literature and partly also on the study of collection materials. It provides a list of available names in the genus Helix in its present sense. The problems of traits used for species identification as well as weak points of current knowledge of diversity of the genus Helix are briefly discussed

Fylogeneze rodu Helix (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae)

Rod Helix zahrnuje velké suchozemské plže rozšířené od Francie po Írán a v severní Africe. Někteří z nich mají úzkou vazbu na člověka - žijí synantropně nebo se sbírají a jí. Rod je nejvíce diverzifikovaný ve východním Středomoří. Taxonomie rodu dnes prochází revizí založenou na morfologii, molekulární studie je nezbytná jako kontrola této revize. V této práci prezentuji první fylogenetická data pro rod Helix, zahrnující téměř všechny nyní rozeznávané druhy. Používal jsem vzorky z různých zdrojů, včetně sušených těl a zbytků tkání. Sekvenoval jsem dva široce používané mitochondriální markery (16S a COI). Pozice rodu v rámci čeledi Helicidae z těchto dat nelze určit. Rod by měl být vymezován úzce, bez rodů Maltzanella, Cantareus, Cryptomphalus a Lindholmia. Nepotvrdila se dělení do podrodů tak, jak je dosud navrhovali různí autoři, s výjimkou delení na nominotypický podrod Helix a podrod Pelasga. Vztahy mezi druhy a skupinami druhů nebyly dobře rozřešeny. Výsledky většinou podporují vymezení druhů nově navrhované na základě morfologie. Některé druhy mohou být velmi variabilní ve znacích na ulitě, neboť několik taxonů se zvláštní morfologií zřejmě patří dovnitř šířeji rozšířených druhů. V několika málo případech, např. u H. asemnis, by mohlo být užíváno jemnější dělení na druhy, několik změn v druhovém...The land snail genus Helix comprises large gastropods distributed in from France to Iran and in North Africa. Some of them have close linkage to humans - are synanthropic or are collected and consumed. The genus is most diverse in eastern Mediterranean. Taxonomy of the genus is now being revised from morphological point of view, and a molecular study is needed as a counterpart to that study. Here I present first phylogenetic data for the genus Helix, including almost all currently recognised species. I have used samples from various sources including dried bodies and tissue remnants. I have sequenced two commonly used mitochondrial markers (16S, COI). Position of the genus within Helicidae cannot be inferred from the dataset. The genus should be delimited in a strict sense, excluding genera Maltzanella, Cantareus, Cryptomphalus and Lindholmia. Division into subgenera, as proposed by various authors until now, is not supported with the exception of a split between subgenera Pelasga and the nominotypical Helix. Relationships between species and their groups are poorly resolved. Regarding species limits, the data are largely in agreement with new opinions based on morphology. There might be surprisingly high variability in shell characters within a species, as few morphologically characteristic taxa seem to be...Department of ZoologyKatedra zoologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Diversity of the land snail genus Helix and its relatives (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Helicidae) from Mediterranean origins to postglacial Central Europe

5 ABSTRACT The family Helicidae comprises the largest and most widely known land snails of the Western Palaearctic. Yet the knowledge of its diversity until recently relied largely on morphology-based taxonomic work from the early 20th century. Molecular phylogenetic data were needed to resolve several taxonomic issues and to understand the biogeographic history of the group. This thesis focuses on an Eastern Mediterranean group of helicid genera, and in particular on the type genus of the family, Helix Linnaeus, 1758. From exploring the diversity and relationships of Eastern Mediterranean and Anatolian lineages, this work follows them on their way from diversification centre up to the postglacial fauna of Central Europe. The results are based on analyses of sequences of mitochondrial genes, conchological examinations, and radiocarbon dating of Holocene subfossils. First, we compared the lineage diversity of Helix with the conclusions of a recently published morphology-based taxonomic revision. We assembled a representative dataset covering almost all species of the genus as now recognized, as well as most of potentially related genus-level taxa. We refined the genus limits, revealed several species whose delimitation may require further revision, and pointed out probable differences in how species are..

Phylogeny of the genus Helix (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae)

The land snail genus Helix comprises large gastropods distributed in from France to Iran and in North Africa. Some of them have close linkage to humans - are synanthropic or are collected and consumed. The genus is most diverse in eastern Mediterranean. Taxonomy of the genus is now being revised from morphological point of view, and a molecular study is needed as a counterpart to that study. Here I present first phylogenetic data for the genus Helix, including almost all currently recognised species. I have used samples from various sources including dried bodies and tissue remnants. I have sequenced two commonly used mitochondrial markers (16S, COI). Position of the genus within Helicidae cannot be inferred from the dataset. The genus should be delimited in a strict sense, excluding genera Maltzanella, Cantareus, Cryptomphalus and Lindholmia. Division into subgenera, as proposed by various authors until now, is not supported with the exception of a split between subgenera Pelasga and the nominotypical Helix. Relationships between species and their groups are poorly resolved. Regarding species limits, the data are largely in agreement with new opinions based on morphology. There might be surprisingly high variability in shell characters within a species, as few morphologically characteristic taxa seem to be..

Helix straminea Briganti 1825

<p> <i>Helix straminea</i> Briganti, 1825 (Figs 1B, 4A–F)</p> <p> <i>Type locality:</i> Distribution of the species was originally described as ‘ <i>in Principatu Citeriori, Aprutio, aliisque nostri Regni locis</i> ’ [in the (then) Principato Citra, Abruzzo, and other places in our Kingdom (the Kingdom of the two Sicilies)]. Nevertheless, ‘Muro in Basilicata’ (Muro Lucano, the locality cited by some later authors: Tiberi, 1869; Kobelt, 1906a) has been referred to as an original place of discovery (‘ <i>Primum hanc speciem inveni in denso nemore Muri Pricipatus Citerioris oppidi, et in finitimis locis</i> ’ [I have found species first in dense forest of the town of Muro, and on adjacent places]). The only known specimens that are the likely syntypes, discussed below, come from ‘Roccamuria’, an unidentified locality in Abruzzo.</p> <p> <i>Type material:</i> Presumed syntypes MHNG 18135, 18136.</p> <p> The two lots (of one specimen each) in the collection of J. R. Bourguignat in Geneva seem to correspond to the original figures in V. Briganti’s original description (Briganti, 1825). One of them (MHNG 18135; Fig. 1B) is more conspicuously ribbed than usual and has barely visible bands, and probably represents original pl. II, figs 3, 4 in Briganti (1825). The lot is accompanied by Bourguignat’s handwritten label stating that the specimen was given to him by Briganti and was depicted in Bourguignat (1860: pl. 20 fig. 3). The specimen actually shown in that figure is nevertheless clearly MHNG 18136, and probably corresponds to pl. II. figs 1, 2 in Briganti (1825). Both specimens bear the label ‘Roccamuria, Abruzzes’; material from that locality was apparently donated by Briganti’s son in 1858 (Bourguignat, 1883). However, it is not clear whether three other shells labelled as being from Roccamuria (MHNG 18145) are also syntypes. The individual in Bourguignat’s collection from Muro Lucano (MHNG 18129), the locality specifically mentioned in the original description, cannot be unambiguously referred to Briganti and thus has no type status. The presumed syntypes fully conform to the sense in which the name <i>H. straminea</i> was used by Kobelt (1906a).</p> <p> <i>Helix straminea</i> Briganti, 1825: 172, pl. II, figs 1–4.</p> <p> <i>Helix straminea</i> var. <i>elongata</i> Bourguignat, 1860: 155, pl. 4, fig. 4. Unavailable name, non <i>Helix elongata</i> Röding, 1798.</p> <p>Type locality: Italy: Abruzzo: ‘Roccamuria’. Syntype: MHNG 18145 (shell with ‘4’ written in the aperture).</p> <p> <i>Helix straminiformis</i> Bourguignat, 1876: 53.</p> <p>Type locality: Italy: Abruzzo, Monte Amaro in Majella. Syntype: MHNG 18064.</p> <p> <i>Helix yleobia</i> Bourguignat, 1883: 265. Type locality:</p> <p>Italy: Basilicata: Tricarico Matera. Syntype: MHNG 18139.</p> <p> <i>Helix lucorum</i> var. <i>candida</i> Mascarini, 1892: 251.</p> <p>Type locality: Italy: Abruzzo: Settecerri. Syntypes: SMF 74529.</p> <p> <i>Helix lucorum</i> var. <i>annosa</i> Mascarini, 1892: 251.</p> <p>Type locality: Italy: Abruzzo: Agelli near Rocca Fluvione. Syntype: SMF 74530.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> All type specimens and other individuals from type series listed above. Additional material examined from Albania, Italy, and Macedonia is listed in Supporting Information (Table S1).</p> <p> <i>Revised diagnosis:</i> Medium to large <i>Helix</i> species possessing a broadly conical shell with broad first whorls, no umbilicus, and rounded aperture that is small relative to the shell size. The shell usually has four longitudinal bands and its aperture is usually brown coloured.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Height: 35–60 mm. Diameter: 35–55 mm. Shell within the genus medium-sized to very large with variable conicity (Figs 1B, 4), slightly depressed to rather conical, with blunt apex and smooth, broad protoconch (diameter of first 1.5 whorls <i>c.</i> 5.0– 6.5 mm).; 5–5.5 whorls regularly increasing in width. Coarse surface, irregularly grooved, with nodules along the suture; usually covered by an easily flakingoff periostracum of yellowish or straw-like colour, which, together with fine darker transverse striation, gives it a wood-like appearance. If this layer is not present, the shell is whitish. No spiral sculpture. Usually four chestnut brown longitudinal bands (the second resulting from merger of second and third of the five bands present in numerous <i>Helix</i> species); these may fade or merge occasionally (Fig. 4). Uppermost band very thin, second and third wide, the fourth narrower, but almost always developed and separated from the third one. Rarely, the bands may be missing altogether or merge into two broad bands, but in general the colouration pattern is very stable. Last whorl descending slightly towards the aperture, with insertion of the outer aperture margin placed variously from the middle of the median light stripe to the lower margin of the third dark stripe. Aperture regularly semicircular, slightly higher than wide, rather small relative to the shell and frequently positioned somewhat under it. Outer aperture margin thin, not reflected, light to dark brown, often reddish or brown, rarely almost white. A thin brown palatal callus is developed in some populations. Slightly broadened columella with a lip, oblique, slightly curved. Completely covered umbilicus, only very rarely open; a shallow vertical groove frequently present on the umbilical cover. The foot and mantle variable in colour, from dark grey-brown to light yellowish grey.</p> <p> <i>Distribution and habitat: Helix straminea</i> is found in the Apennines from the Basilicata and Apulia (Briganti, 1825; Tiberi, 1869) through Molise, Abruzzo and Lazio (Giusti, 1971) to Marche, Umbria and Toscana regions (Fig. 5). Its exact limits in the northern Apennines are not known. The species is absent in Calabria (Cesari, 1978) and in the Gargano Peninsula (Holdhaus, 1912; A. Petrusek, pers. observ.).</p> <p> On the opposite side of the Adriatic Sea, <i>H. straminea</i> is known scarcely from Albania (Dhora & Welter-Schultes, 1996) and in western Macedonia (Knipper, 1939). The northern limits of its distribution are not known due to possible confusion with <i>H. vladika</i> (see Fig. 5).</p> <p> Most records of <i>H. straminea</i> originate from highlands and mountainous areas; however, the altitudinal extent of its distribution is not sufficiently known. Giusti (1971) has reported it (as <i>H. lucorum</i>) from Monti Reatini at 1600 m a.s.l., and from Siena at 330 m. It is a species of woodlands and shrubs, and can be found in broadleaved forests and their margins, under shrubs and in orchards.</p> <p> <i>Differential diagnosis: Helix straminea</i> is characterized by combination of characters (large size, large apex, broadly conical shell, half-rounded brown aperture, four brown bands on brownish background) which, although the whole set is not always present, make it easily distinguishable from most <i>Helix</i> species in the study area with the exception of <i>H. vladika</i> and <i>H. pelagonesica</i>, which are apparently close relatives or conspecifics of <i>H. straminea</i>.</p> <p> <i>Helix vladika</i> typically has brown-coloured shells with inconspicuous or missing bands, often with a high spire. However, specimens with a low spire (e.g. the lectotype of <i>H. vladika</i>), which in shape closely match some Italian <i>H. straminea</i> individuals, may be found. Similarly, bands are developed in some <i>H. vladica</i>, but reduced in <i>H. straminea</i>. We have found no character that could reliably distinguish between these two taxa.</p> <p> <i>Helix pelagonesica</i> is in general slightly smaller (<i>c</i>. 35–45 mm in diameter). It sometimes (<i>H. vardarica</i>, <i>H. pelagonesica</i> <i>s.s</i>.) has a very dark aperture and usually the third band is narrower than the second (this can also be found among Italian <i>H. straminea</i>). The sequenced Macedonian population of <i>H. straminea</i> differs conchologically only in size from some individuals assigned to <i>H. volensis</i>. <i>Helix pelagonesica pelagonesica</i>, however, differs slightly from <i>H. straminea</i>: it has a more diffuse coloration, the shell is flatter, the aperture has a different shape (not rounded as in <i>H. straminea</i>) and faces more downward, and the columella is considerably thickened.</p> <p> <i>Other species: Helix lucorum</i> is very variable in shape and colour, and may be similar to <i>H. straminea</i>. However, <i>H. straminea</i> can be distinguished by its large protoconch, which is small in <i>H. lucorum</i> (3.5– 4.7 mm when only European populations are considered). The surface of <i>H. lucorum</i> is smoother and its periostracum does not form a conspicuous layer. All other differences apply in general, but can be suppressed in individual cases. <i>Helix straminea</i> is usually larger than specimens of <i>H. lucorum</i> from adjacent areas. It has, due to its large apex, more regularly increasing whorls; the aperture is less downward facing. <i>Helix lucorum</i> differs by its more contrasting coloration, which is frequently very variable within a single population. All upper and both lower bands usually almost completely merge on the last whorl. Bands are darker, and the median light band is very prominent and whitish. Bands tend to be interrupted by irregular transverse dark bands that develop by pigment deposition near the aperture during periods of suppressed growth. These are much more conspicuous and pronounced than in any other species of the genus, so they are sometimes more evident than the longitudinal bands, which may even be missing. The umbilicus is sometimes open, the aperture margins tend to be darker with violaceous tones, and the columella often forms a plate. Within <i>H. lucorum</i>, European populations differ conspicuously from those found in most of Asia Minor, and the intraspecific variability of <i>H. lucorum</i> needs a thorough revision.</p> <p> <i>Helix pomatia</i> has more globose shells than <i>H. straminea</i>. The latter has a lower and narrower last whorl and thus a denser coiling, and the aperture, relatively smaller than the shell, is moved somewhat under the shell, whereas the last whorl in <i>H. pomatia</i> is quite prominent. The umbilicus is rarely fully covered in <i>H. pomatia</i>.</p> <p> In comparison with <i>H. cincta</i> and <i>H. borealis</i>, the shells of <i>H. straminea</i> are usually broader relative to height and always more robust in appearance than either of the two species. Whorls of <i>H. straminea</i> are more ventricose, and the protoconch is much larger. It has an aperture that is smaller proportionally to the shell. They also differ in colour; both <i>H. cincta</i> and <i>H. borealis</i> sometimes have all three upper bands separated and clearly visible on older whorls; the upper bands may also fuse together and form a uniformly darker upper half of the shell on the last whorl. Lower bands are frequently weak or missing, but in some populations of <i>H. cincta</i> they fuse. Some <i>H. cincta</i> populations from southern Turkey and Syria may resemble <i>H. straminea</i> in shell shape, but they always have a different banding pattern and a small protoconch.</p> <p> <i>Helix secernenda</i> can reach the size of <i>H. straminea</i>, but it also has a different coloration with white background and violaceous bands that do not exhibit the four-band pattern of <i>H. straminea</i>. Most of its populations also have a very large aperture. The shell of <i>H. schlaeflii</i> is characteristically globular with a large aperture with reddish-brown margins; the shell coloration is uneven with whitish blurs.</p> <p> Of the other species whose ranges overlap with that of <i>H. straminea</i>, the <i>H. ligata</i> complex (i.e. including <i>H. delpretiana</i> and <i>H. mileti</i>), <i>H. philibinensis</i>, and <i>H. figulina</i> have smaller globular shells. <i>Helix figulina</i> usually has three upper bands that are merged and the two lower are narrow; the shell surface is regularly finely ribbed; the apex is minute and the aperture is almost circular and large relative to the shell, with vertical rounded columella. <i>Helix philibinensis</i> and <i>H. ligata</i> resemble each other in shell shape, which is more globular than in <i>H straminea</i>, <i>H. vladika</i> and <i>H. pelagonesica</i> due to the relatively higher last whorl; both are smaller and less robust than <i>H. straminea</i>. They have an apex of size comparable to that of <i>H. lucorum</i>. The <i>H. ligata</i> complex is usually characterized by a white aperture margin; <i>H. dormitoris</i> is very similar to the <i>H. ligata</i> complex.</p> <p> <i>Distribution of conchologically similar taxa: Helix vladika</i> (as defined above) is known from northeastern part of Montenegro (Wohlberedt, 1907; Knipper, 1939) and Serbia south of the Sava and Danube (Pavlovic´, 1912). The species is not recorded from Bulgaria (Irikov & Ero˝ss, 2008), although its presence in the country cannot be excluded; it may have been confused with <i>H. pomatia</i>. The species is probably distributed widely in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina along the borders of Serbia and Montenegro (Fehér, 2011), but its extent has not have been verified as gastropod material from this country is generally scarce.</p> <p> <i>Helix pelagonesica</i> inhabits south-eastern Macedonia (Gradeška Planina and Dojran) and Greek regions of Central Macedonia including the Athos peninsula, Thessaly, and Central Greece south to Euboea (Knipper, 1939; Urban´ ski, 1970). <i>Helix pelagonesica pelagonesica</i> was collected only on Kyra Panagia island in the northern Sporades (Knipper, 1939) at the end of the 19 th century but was not reported from there by a survey in the 1970s (Liebegott, 1986).</p> <p> <i>Helix lucorum</i> occurs in Italy in Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia Romagna, but may be found elsewhere occasionally. In the south, it certainly reaches Umbria (Cesari, 1978) and Tuscany (Kobelt, 1906a). It is unclear whether the old as well as recent records (e.g. Bisacchi, 1933; Cianfanelli, 2009) from the Apennines in northern Marche and Umbria, or even in Emilia Romagna and Tuscany, are correct; tracing the southern limits of <i>H. lucorum</i> ’s distribution in Italy from published records is complicated due to its confusion with <i>H. straminea</i>. In the southern Balkans, <i>H. lucorum</i> lives in Albania up to Lake Skadar, in Macedonia, southern Serbia, Kosovo, Bulgaria, and southern Romania; it is not known from Montenegro (Wohlberedt, 1907; Pavlovic´, 1912; Knipper, 1939) nor further to the north; in Croatia a non-native population was found only recently (Štamol, 2010).</p> <p> <i>Helix pomatia</i>, within its broader range, lives in Italy on the southern slopes of the Alps, Alpes- Maritimes, and in the Ligurian Apennines (Cesari, 1978) and thus probably does not significantly overlap with the range of <i>H. straminea</i>. In the Balkans, it is found throughout most of the northern half of the peninsula and overlaps with <i>H. straminea</i> in northern Macedonia (as indicated also by our sample of <i>H. pomatia</i> collected near Mavrovo Lake).</p> <p> There is a significant overlap in distribution between <i>H. vladika</i>, <i>H. pomatia</i>, and <i>H. lucorum</i> in Serbia (Wohlberedt, 1907; Pavlovic´, 1912); all three live syntopically on some localities in south-eastern Serbia (e.g. near Knjaževac). <i>Helix pomatia</i> lives throughout the range of <i>H. vladika</i>, while <i>H. lucorum</i> enters its range from the south-east. The range of <i>H. pelagonesica</i> on the mainland largely overlaps with distribution of <i>H. lucorum</i>.</p> <p> Ranges of <i>H. cincta</i> and <i>H. borealis</i> overlap only marginally with those of <i>H. straminea</i> and <i>H. pelagonesica</i>, respectively. <i>Helix borealis</i> lives in southeastern Greece and shares a small part of its range with <i>H. pelagonesica</i> on Euboea and in Thessaly (Triantis, 2011). <i>Helix cincta</i> is found in northern Italy, but it does not enter the Apennines (Cesari, 1978).</p>Published as part of <i>Korábek, Ondřej, Juřičková, Lucie & Petrusek, Adam, 2014, Resurrecting Helix straminea, a forgotten escargot with trans-Adriatic distribution: first insights into the genetic variation within the genus Helix (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), pp. 72-91 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171 (1)</i> on pages 80-84, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12122, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4720494">http://zenodo.org/record/4720494</a&gt