De beschikbaarheid van biomassa voor energie in de agro-industrie

In het Agroconvenant is een doelstelling opgenomen voor duurzame energie van 200 PJ. Van de agro-industrie wordt een bijdrage van 75 tot 125 PJ (bio-energie). De sector vraagt zich af of deze doelstelling wel realistisch is. Het doel van dit project was het in kaart brengen van de kwaliteit en kwantiteit van reststromen uit de agro-industrie die aanwezig of beschikbaar zijn of reeds (in Nederland) ingezet worden voor bio-energie nu en in 2020

Extended producer responsibility for lamps in Nordic countries: best practices and challenges in closing material loops

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes are adopted not only to promote collection and recycling of waste products but also to close material loops and incentivise ecodesign. These outcomes are also part of creating a more circular economy. Evaluations of best practices can inform how to further optimise systems towards more ambitious collection, recycling and recovery of both hazardous and critical materials. Gas discharge lamps in particular are a key product category in this regard, considering both the presence of mercury and of rare earth materials in this waste stream. Nordic countries in particular are known for advanced collection and recycling systems and this article compares the EPR systems for gas discharge lamps. The EPR systems for lamps are evaluated using theory-based evaluation approaches to analyse both the performance of lamp EPR systems and challenges perceived by key stakeholders. The cases were constructed based on primary and secondary literature, statistical data, and interviews with stakeholders. The findings indicate that the collection and recycling performance is generally still high for gas discharge lamps in the Nordic countries, despite some differences in approach and structure of the EPR systems, but there remain opportunities for further improvement. In terms of EPR goals, there is evidence of improved waste management of these products as a result of the systems; however, there also remain significant challenges, particularly in terms of ecodesign incentives. The key factors for best practice are discussed, including aspects of the rule base, infrastructure, and operations. The particular characteristics of this waste category, including the rapidly changing technology, also pose challenges for EPR systems in the future

De regeling der agrarische defensieschade

Damages caused to agriculture and horticulture by defensive measures could be reimbursed in various ways. Reimbursement could be by replacement at government expense, replacement in kind, or by financial compensation. Three systems were draughted for estimating damages in field cropping or pasturing: 1. The book-keeping method in which the financial surplus was calculated on the damaged farm and similar undamaged farms; 2. Immediate settlement based on an estimate of the surplus for the crop derived from data on this crop for 3 similar farms; 3. Fixed damages, which were an extreme simplification of method 1.These systems were equally suitable for estimating compensation in land reallocations and in land acquisition for roads. The principle of damage estimates by calculating farm profits after excluding 'internal risks' was important for many studies on farm economics, especially studies on the financial consequences of changes in farming system.<p/

Bio-economiebeleid : inspirerend maar niet sturend

no abstrac

Bio-economiebeleid : inspirerend maar niet sturend

no abstrac

Are rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated, and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies linked by post-translational modification of IgG?

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Accepted manuscript online: 2 August 2016No abstract is available.Support for this project was provided by the Cornwall Arthritis Trust