Event shape sorting

We propose a novel method for sorting events of multiparticle production according to the azimuthal anisotropy of their momentum distribution. Although the method is quite general, we advocate its use in analysis of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions where large number of hadrons is produced. The advantage of our method is that it can automatically sort out samples of events with histograms that indicate similar distributions of hadrons. It takes into account the whole measured histograms with all orders of anisotropy instead of a specific observable (e.g. $v_2$, $v_3$, $q_2$). It can be used for more exclusive experimental studies of flow anisotropies which are then more easily compared to theoretical calculations. It may also be useful in the construction of mixed-events background for correlation studies as it allows to select events with similar momentum distribution.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, to appear in European Physical Journal A, section added in v2 with analysis of AMPT-generated event

Event Shape Sorting: selecting events with similar evolution

We present novel method for the organisation of events. The method is based on comparing event-by-event histograms of a chosen quantity Q that is measured for each particle in every event. The events are organised in such a way that those with similar shape of the Q-histograms end-up placed close to each other. We apply the method on histograms of azimuthal angle of the produced hadrons in ultrarelativsitic nuclear collisions. By selecting events with similar azimuthal shape of their hadron distribution one chooses events which are likely that they underwent similar evolution from the initial state to the freeze-out. Such events can more easily be compared to theoretical simulations where all conditions can be controlled. We illustrate the method on data simulated by the AMPT model.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, proceedings from XII Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, Thessaloniki, Grece, 28.8.2016-4.9.201

Observables of non-equilibrium phase transition

A rapidly expanding fireball which undergoes first-order phase transition will supercool and proceed via spinodal decomposition. Hadrons are produced from the individual fragments as well as the left-over matter filling the space between them. Emission from fragments should be visible in rapidity correlations, particularly of protons. In addition to that, even within narrow centrality classes, rapidity distributions will be fluctuating from one event to another in case of fragmentation. This can be identified with the help of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Finally, we present a method which allows to sort events with varying rapidity distributions in such a way, that events with similar rapidity histograms are grouped together.Comment: contribution to NICA white paper, 5 pages, revised version with minor corrections, mainly languag

Fluctuating shapes of the fireballs in heavy-ion collisions

We argue that energy and momentum deposition from hard partons into quark-gluon plasma induces an important contribution to the final state hadron anisotropies. We also advocate a novel method of Event Shape Sorting which allow to analyse the azimuthal anisotropies of the fireball dynamics in more detail. A use of the method in femtoscopy is demonstrated.Comment: contribution to Proceedings of the XXIV Baldin seminar on high energy physics problems (Relativistic Nuclear Physics and Quantum Chromodynamics), Sept. 17-22, 2018, Dubna, Russia, 6 page

The Bangladeshis in Rome and in London: settlement patterns and housing situation

The first part studies the spatial patterns of Bangladeshis in London and Rome, and explores the relationship between settlement patterns of Bangladeshi group in London and the distribution of selected housing characteristics. The second presents the results of the abovementioned survey and different aspects of housing conditions of Bangladeshis in Rome are investigated. The third then draws a comparison related to some characteristics of Bangladeshis in London and those living in Rome and investigates the similarity among the areas of original migration in both contexts

The Bangladeshis in Rome and in London: settlement patterns and housing situation

The first part studies the spatial patterns of Bangladeshis in London and Rome, and explores the relationship between settlement patterns of Bangladeshi group in London and the distribution of selected housing characteristics. The second presents the results of the abovementioned survey and different aspects of housing conditions of Bangladeshis in Rome are investigated. The third then draws a comparison related to some characteristics of Bangladeshis in London and those living in Rome and investigates the similarity among the areas of original migration in both contexts

Derivación y validación de un modelo de riesgo para pacientes normotensos con tromboembolia de pulmón aguda sintomática

No todos los pacientes con tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) aguda sintomática tienen un riesgo elevado de complicaciones a corto plazo. Este estudio de cohorte prospectivo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar un modelo pronóstico para estratificar el riesgo de los pacientes normotensos con TEP. Métodos: En el estudio participaron 848 pacientes ambulatorios del estudio multicéntrico PROTECT (cohorte de derivación), y 529 pacientes del estudio PREP (cohorte de validación). Todos los pacientes fueron seguidos durante el primer mes después del episodio de TEP. Resultados: Se produjo un curso clínico complicado en 63 (7.4%) de los 848 pacientes normotensos con TEP aguda sintomática de la cohorte de derivación, y en 24 pacientes (4.5%) de la cohorte de validación. El modelo final incluyó cuatro variables: la escala PESI simplificada (PESIs), la troponina cardiaca I (cTnI), el péptido natriurético cerebral (BNP), y la ecografía de miembros inferiores. El modelo mostró una capacidad discriminativa buena en la cohorte de derivación (índice c de 0.75) y en la de validación (índice c de 0.85). La combinación de la escala PESIs y el BNP mostró un valor predictivo negativo para un curso complicado de 99.1% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 97.8-100%) y de 100% en las cohortes de derivación y validación, respectivamente. La combinación de todas las pruebas mostró un valor predictivo positivo para un curso complicado de 25.8% (IC del 95%, 10.4-41.2%) en la cohorte de derivación, y de 21.2% (7.3-35.2%) en la cohorte de validación. Conclusiones: El estudio PROTECT ha validado un modelo multidimensional que predice un curso clínico complicado durante los primeros 30 días de tratamiento en pacientes normotensos con diagnóstico de TEP aguda sintomática

Derivación y validación de un modelo de riesgo para pacientes normotensos con tromboembolia de pulmón aguda sintomática

No todos los pacientes con tromboembolia pulmonar (TEP) aguda sintomática tienen un riesgo elevado de complicaciones a corto plazo. Este estudio de cohorte prospectivo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar un modelo pronóstico para estratificar el riesgo de los pacientes normotensos con TEP. Métodos: En el estudio participaron 848 pacientes ambulatorios del estudio multicéntrico PROTECT (cohorte de derivación), y 529 pacientes del estudio PREP (cohorte de validación). Todos los pacientes fueron seguidos durante el primer mes después del episodio de TEP. Resultados: Se produjo un curso clínico complicado en 63 (7.4%) de los 848 pacientes normotensos con TEP aguda sintomática de la cohorte de derivación, y en 24 pacientes (4.5%) de la cohorte de validación. El modelo final incluyó cuatro variables: la escala PESI simplificada (PESIs), la troponina cardiaca I (cTnI), el péptido natriurético cerebral (BNP), y la ecografía de miembros inferiores. El modelo mostró una capacidad discriminativa buena en la cohorte de derivación (índice c de 0.75) y en la de validación (índice c de 0.85). La combinación de la escala PESIs y el BNP mostró un valor predictivo negativo para un curso complicado de 99.1% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 97.8-100%) y de 100% en las cohortes de derivación y validación, respectivamente. La combinación de todas las pruebas mostró un valor predictivo positivo para un curso complicado de 25.8% (IC del 95%, 10.4-41.2%) en la cohorte de derivación, y de 21.2% (7.3-35.2%) en la cohorte de validación. Conclusiones: El estudio PROTECT ha validado un modelo multidimensional que predice un curso clínico complicado durante los primeros 30 días de tratamiento en pacientes normotensos con diagnóstico de TEP aguda sintomática

Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis across host species and European countries with evidence for transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mycobacterium avium </it>subspecies <it>paratuberculosis </it>(<it>Map</it>) causes an infectious chronic enteritis (paratuberculosis or Johne's disease) principally of ruminants. The epidemiology of <it>Map </it>is poorly understood, particularly with respect to the role of wildlife reservoirs and the controversial issue of zoonotic potential (Crohn's disease). Genotypic discrimination of <it>Map </it>isolates is pivotal to descriptive epidemiology and resolving these issues. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversity of <it>Map</it>, enhance our understanding of the host range and distribution and assess the potential for interspecies transmission.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>164 <it>Map </it>isolates from seven European countries representing 19 different host species were genotyped by standardized IS<it>900 </it>- restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS<it>900</it>-RFLP), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and mycobacterial interspersed repeat unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analyses. Six PstI and 17 BstEII IS<it>900</it>-RFLP, 31 multiplex [SnaBI-SpeI] PFGE profiles and 23 MIRU-VNTR profiles were detected. AFLP gave insufficient discrimination of isolates for meaningful genetic analysis. Point estimates for Simpson's index of diversity calculated for the individual typing techniques were in the range of 0.636 to 0.664 but a combination of all three methods increased the discriminating power to 0.879, sufficient for investigating transmission dynamics. Two predominant strain types were detected across Europe with all three typing techniques. Evidence for interspecies transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants on the same property was demonstrated in four cases, between wildlife species on the same property in two cases and between different species of domestic livestock on one property.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this study showed that it is necessary to use multiple genotyping techniques targeting different sources of genetic variation to obtain the level of discrimination necessary to investigate transmission dynamics and trace the source of <it>Map </it>infections. Furthermore, the combination of genotyping techniques may depend on the geographical location of the population to be tested. Identical genotypes were obtained from <it>Map </it>isolated from different host species co-habiting on the same property strongly suggesting that interspecies transmission occurs. Interspecies transmission of <it>Map </it>between wildlife species and domestic livestock on the same property provides further evidence to support a role for wildlife reservoirs of infection.</p