Balancing fertilization strategy with crop requirements in organic greenhouse cultivation of sweet pepper

An on-farm field trial was set up in an organic greenhouse in order to balance the N-uptake by a sweet pepper crop and the mineralization of the organic fertilizers was applied. The effects of six fertilizer treatments were compared regarding yield, nutrient availability and mineral balance. Application of high levels of compost turned out to be favourable in order to reduce surplusses of available-N on the short term. On the long term, such high levels of compost are unfavourable as a high pool of mineralizable-N in the soil organic matter restricts the possiblities for precise fertilization adapted to plant uptake. Application of lower levels of farm yard manure in combination with additional fertilization with feathermeal turned out to be a good fertilization strategy both on the short and the long term unless there is a need for minimizing salt levels in the applied fertilizers

Dutch research on organic agriculture: approaches and characteristics

Dutch research on organic agriculture began in the late 1970s. Key characteristics of this research were the systems approach and the strong participation of farmers and stakeholders. The ambitions for a fully sustainable organic agriculture as formulated by the Dutch organic sector set the research agend

Coverage in Dutch Newspapers of Earthquakes in Italy and Beyond before Lisbon 1755

This chapter discusses tidings about earthquakes retrieved from the dig-itised Dutch newspapers before the Lisbon Earthquake of 1755. It focuses on how these newspapers reported about previous earthquakes and how detailed their contents were. Other addressed questions: Which parts of the world did they deal with most frequently, did they explain the causes of earthquakes, and what type of media culture do they represent? This chapter demonstrates that readers of early modern Dutch newspapers were already familiar with earthquake reports long before 1755. These papers mainly treated data, although within the existing societal framework. They represented, as far as possible, a media culture of accuracy, although sometimes with a touch of sensationalism. Readers could read dominant opinions only between the lines and draw conclusions for themselves. The widely accepted idea was that earthquakes were punishments from God and that people should repent their sins

Coverage in Dutch Newspapers of Earthquakes in Italy and Beyond before Lisbon 1755

This chapter discusses tidings about earthquakes retrieved from the dig-itised Dutch newspapers before the Lisbon Earthquake of 1755. It focuses on how these newspapers reported about previous earthquakes and how detailed their contents were. Other addressed questions: Which parts of the world did they deal with most frequently, did they explain the causes of earthquakes, and what type of media culture do they represent? This chapter demonstrates that readers of early modern Dutch newspapers were already familiar with earthquake reports long before 1755. These papers mainly treated data, although within the existing societal framework. They represented, as far as possible, a media culture of accuracy, although sometimes with a touch of sensationalism. Readers could read dominant opinions only between the lines and draw conclusions for themselves. The widely accepted idea was that earthquakes were punishments from God and that people should repent their sins

Coverage in Dutch Newspapers of Earthquakes in Italy and Beyond before Lisbon 1755

This chapter discusses tidings about earthquakes retrieved from the dig-itised Dutch newspapers before the Lisbon Earthquake of 1755. It focuses on how these newspapers reported about previous earthquakes and how detailed their contents were. Other addressed questions: Which parts of the world did they deal with most frequently, did they explain the causes of earthquakes, and what type of media culture do they represent? This chapter demonstrates that readers of early modern Dutch newspapers were already familiar with earthquake reports long before 1755. These papers mainly treated data, although within the existing societal framework. They represented, as far as possible, a media culture of accuracy, although sometimes with a touch of sensationalism. Readers could read dominant opinions only between the lines and draw conclusions for themselves. The widely accepted idea was that earthquakes were punishments from God and that people should repent their sins

Coverage in Dutch Newspapers of Earthquakes in Italy and Beyond before Lisbon 1755

This chapter discusses tidings about earthquakes retrieved from the dig-itised Dutch newspapers before the Lisbon Earthquake of 1755. It focuses on how these newspapers reported about previous earthquakes and how detailed their contents were. Other addressed questions: Which parts of the world did they deal with most frequently, did they explain the causes of earthquakes, and what type of media culture do they represent? This chapter demonstrates that readers of early modern Dutch newspapers were already familiar with earthquake reports long before 1755. These papers mainly treated data, although within the existing societal framework. They represented, as far as possible, a media culture of accuracy, although sometimes with a touch of sensationalism. Readers could read dominant opinions only between the lines and draw conclusions for themselves. The widely accepted idea was that earthquakes were punishments from God and that people should repent their sins

All-optical switching of magnetic domains in Co/Gd heterostructures with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction

Given the development of hybrid spintronic-photonic devices and chiral magnetic structures, a combined interest in all-optical switching (AOS) of magnetization and current-induced domain wall motion in synthetic ferrimagnetic structures with strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) is emerging. In this study, we report a study on single-pulse all-optical toggle switching and asymmetric bubble expansion in specially engineered Co/Gd-based multilayer structures. In the absence of any external magnetic fields, we look into the AOS properties and the potential role of the DMI on the AOS process as well as the stability of optically written micro-magnetic domains. Particularly, interesting dynamics are observed in moon-shaped structures written by two successive laser pulses. The stability of domains resulting from an interplay of the dipolar interaction and domain-wall energy are compared to simple analytical models and micromagnetic simulations

Inference of the Cold Dark Matter substructure mass function at z=0.2 using strong gravitational lenses

We present the results of a search for galaxy substructures in a sample of 11 gravitational lens galaxies from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey. We find no significant detection of mass clumps, except for a luminous satellite in the system SDSS J0956+5110. We use these non-detections, in combination with a previous detection in the system SDSS J0946+1006, to derive constraints on the substructure mass function in massive early-type host galaxies with an average redshift z ~ 0.2 and an average velocity dispersion of 270 km/s. We perform a Bayesian inference on the substructure mass function, within a median region of about 32 kpc squared around the Einstein radius (~4.2 kpc). We infer a mean projected substructure mass fraction $f = 0.0076^{+0.0208}_{-0.0052}$ at the 68 percent confidence level and a substructure mass function slope $\alpha$ < 2.93 at the 95 percent confidence level for a uniform prior probability density on alpha. For a Gaussian prior based on Cold Dark Matter (CDM) simulations, we infer $f = 0 .0064^{+0.0080}_{-0.0042}$ and a slope of $\alpha$ = 1.90$^{+0.098}_{-0.098}$ at the 68 percent confidence level. Since only one substructure was detected in the full sample, we have little information on the mass function slope, which is therefore poorly constrained (i.e. the Bayes factor shows no positive preference for any of the two models).The inferred fraction is consistent with the expectations from CDM simulations and with inference from flux ratio anomalies at the 68 percent confidence level.Comment: Accepted for publication on MNRAS, some typos corrected and some important references adde