Микросателлитный маркер mrjp3: определение подвидов медоносной пчелы и/или продуктивности маточного молочка пчелиной семьи

The mrjp3 gene is a member of the mrjp-family that encodes Major Royal Jelly Proteins in bees. In the structure of the mrjp3 gene coding part, a repetitive region, designated as a microsatellite mrjp3 locus, is described. The variability of the mrjp3 micro­satellite locus in 575 honeybees from Siberia (Russia) was studied. In honeybees of different origin (evolutionary branches M and C) inhabited Siberia, the differences in the frequency of allele registration were revealed. The significance of the mrjp3 locus for determining the honeybee subspecies and/or royal jelly productivity of the bee colonies is discussed

A Comprehensive Characterization of the Honeybees in Siberia (Russia)

A comprehensive study of some populations of honeybee (332 colonies) in Siberia (Tomsk region, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Yenisei population), Altai) using morphometric and molecular genetic methods was conducted. Infestation of bees (132 colonies) by Nosema has also been studied. Three variants of the COI-COII mtDNA locus were registered: PQQ, PQQQ (typical for Apis m. mellifera), and Q (specific for southern races). It was established that 64% of bee colonies from the Tomsk region and all colonies studied from the Krasnoyarsk and the Altai territories originate from Apis m. mellifera on the maternal line. According to the morphometric study, the majority of bee colonies of the Tomsk region are hybrids; in some colonies the mismatch of morphometric and mtDNA data was observed. Moreover, the majority of bee colonies infected by Nosema were hybrids. Yenisei population may be considered as a unique Apis m. mellifera population. Microsatellite analysis (loci А008, Ap049, AC117, AC216, Ap243, H110, A024, A113) showed the specific distribution of genotypes and alleles for some loci in the bees, which differ by geographical location. Loci A024 and Ap049 are of considerable interest for further study as candidate markers for differentiation of subspecies; locus A008 can be considered informative for determining of different ecotypes of Apis m. mellifera

Severity evaluation of bhronic polypous rhinosinusitis based on changes of IL-1β cytokine and IL-1ra concentrations in nasal secretions

We provide the data on distribution of IL-1β and IL-1ra cytokine concentrations in nasal secretions from the patients with different forms of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis. The control group (group 1) included healthy persons. The second group consisted of patients exhibiting chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (CRS-NP), free of clinical signs of purulent inflammation in paranasal sinuses and/or bronchial asthma. The patients of group 3 were diagnosed with chronic purulent polypous rhinosinusitis (CPRS-NP). Group 4 consisted of the patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis complicated by bronchial asthma (CRS-NP + BA). Cytokine concentration was determined by means of ELISA tests for all the patient groups. We have found that the local concentrations of IL-1ra and IL-1β cytokines were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the group of healthy individuals, dependent on the clinical forms of chronic polyposis. IL-1β concentrations in the group of patients with CRS-NP (No. 2) were increased 5-fold, for group of CPRS-NP patients (No. 3), these levels showed a 15.5-fold increase. In the group of patients with CRS-NP + BA (No. 4), the Il-1 levels were 13fold higher in comparison with healthy controls. The IL-1ra concentration in the group of healthy people (No. 1) was 1825.64+463.70 pg/ml. Upon development of CRS-NP (No. 2), an increase in its values up to 3646.21±263.39 pg/ml was registered. Upon development of CPRS-NP (No. 3), an increase in appropriate values up to 2305.33±282.86 pg/ml was noted, and, in cases of CRS-NP + BA, a decrease in its values to 956.15±213.02 pg/ml was observed.Meanwhile, a conflicting character was revealed for the changes in these cytokines, thus preventing their usage as an indicator of polyposis severity. At the same time, estimation of the CIL-1ra/CIL- 1β ratio in nasal secretions of the patients in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 based on two-dimensional projection of the spatial CIL-1ra/ CIL-1β distribution provides a basis for discrimination of the patient groups. The CIL-1ra/ CIL-1β ratio as assessed for nasal secretions of patients belonging to groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 shows a general, statistically significant decrease with increasing severity of chronic polyposis (p < 0.001), thus making this parameter indiformative for intensity of the pathological process. The resulting 95% confidence intervals confirm that the cytokine ratios are promising parameter in order to estimate the efficiency of immune therapy

Sequence of the Mrjp3 microsatellite Locus in honeybees of different origin

The sequencing of the nucleotide sequences of the mrjp3 repetitive region (mrjp3 microsatellite locus) in Siberian honeybees was carried out. A high similarity of the studied nucleotide sequences (≥99% identity) with reference sequences was observed, which indicates a high conservation of the mrjp3 repetitive region in different Apis mellifera subspecies

Dark-Colored Forest Bee Apis mellifera in Siberia, Russia: Current State and Conservation of Populations

A comprehensive research of two dark-colored forest bee populations in Siberia, identified during a screening study, was conducted using morphometric and molecular genetic methods. The first population is an isolated Yenisei population located in the taiga zone in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on which bees have not been imported for a long time (50–60 years). The second population is located in the northern areas of the Tomsk region, where beekeeping is more developed. All studied bees had a variant PQQ of the COI–COII mtDNA locus. However, some morphometric parameters of some bee colonies deviated from the Apis mellifera mellifera standard, which is probably due to the features of population formation. As a result of the analysis of the variability of 18 microsatellite loci, possible potential DNA markers specific for determining the bee subspecies and/or ecotypes of the dark-colored forest bee have been identified. An algorithm for the search and a comprehensive study of the dark-colored forest bee are proposed

Исследования микроспоридий рода Nosema в Томской области (Сибирь): ко-инвазия широко распространена в пчелиных семьях

Microsporidian protozoans Nosema are gut parasites that infect European honeybees (Apis mellifera) worldwide. In the Tomsk region, two species of microsporidia were registered in honeybees (A. mellifera): N. apis and N. ceranae. During the last 6 years, an increase in infections by Nosema in honeybees has been detected in the Tomsk region, while cases of mass bee colony deaths were rare (in 2016, two cases of winter losses of bee colonies in the northern districts of the Tomsk region have been reported by beekeepers). The infestation of bee colonies and apiaries have changed from 0% in 2012 to about 80% in 2016-2017. In 2013-2014, 60.0% of all infected apiaries were infected only with N. apis. In 2015-2017, most of the infected apiaries (52.2%) were infected with both species of microsporidia. Despite the predominance of co-infection in honeybees, replacement of N. apis by N. ceranae is not observed

Effect of immune drugs to treat acute viral nasopharyngitis

The task in treating acute nasopharyngitis (ANP) deals with reducing the disease symptoms and the risk of complications. The lack of reliable antiviral drugs makes it important to search for appropriate medicines among other pharmacotherapeutic groups.The study involves a comparative analysis of the efficiency and estimates potential: the recombinant interferon α2b and the compound containing fungal β-D-glucans used in treat ANPThe studies involved patients with ANP from 18 to 55 years old. As many as 152 people were examined including the following: 38 were practically healthy people (group 1); and 114 patients wuth ANP: 38 people (group 2) was subject to a standard therapy (vasoconstrictor nasal drops, nasal cavity irrigation using 0.1% Miramistine solution, gargling using the Furacilin solution); forty people (group 3) were administered application of intranasal interferon α2b of 105 IU, it was delivered with a spray into each nasal passage twice a day; 36 people (group 4) were administered an immunotropic drug containing β-D-glucans orally twice a day. The duration of drug administration lasted 7 days. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the ANP etiological factor. Concentrations of cytokines IL-1β, IL-1ra were estimated using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Clinical efficiency was assessed through score approach. The following symptoms were taken into account: general malaise, sore throat, character of nasal discharge, and the difficulty of nasal breathing. The results of the study were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. In 60.0% the nasal secretions of patients revealed RV. The distribution of cytokine concentrations in nasal secretions in group 1 indicated that the concentration of IL-1β was in the range of 20.0-25.0 pg/ml, and the concentration of IL-1ra was about 1250.0-2500.0 pg/ml. Developing ANP stimulated an increase in IL-1β concentration up to 30.0-70.0 pg/ml in nasal secretions of patients without affecting IL-1ra concentrations. On day 7 of treatment, the cytokine concentrations among the patients treated using the immunotropic drugs were the same as in the group of healthy individuals. There were no significant changes in cytokine production on day 7 in the group of patients undergoing the standard treatment. Application of proposed immunobiological medicines to ANP does not result in overproduction of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in nasal secretion. This confirms that these drugs are promising in the treating strategy including reduction of the risk of developing complications

Микросателлитный маркер mrjp3: определение подвидов медоносной пчелы и/или продуктивности маточного молочка пчелиной семьи

The mrjp3 gene is a member of the mrjp-family that encodes Major Royal Jelly Proteins in bees. In the structure of the mrjp3 gene coding part, a repetitive region, designated as a microsatellite mrjp3 locus, is described. The variability of the mrjp3 micro­satellite locus in 575 honeybees from Siberia (Russia) was studied. In honeybees of different origin (evolutionary branches M and C) inhabited Siberia, the differences in the frequency of allele registration were revealed. The significance of the mrjp3 locus for determining the honeybee subspecies and/or royal jelly productivity of the bee colonies is discussed

Genetic diversity of honeybees in different geographical regions of Siberia

An assessment of the genetic diversity of nine microsatellite loci in honeybees of different origin (evolutionary lineages M, C, and hybrids) from different geographical regions of Siberia was conducted in order to find the genetic markers of the Siberian ecotype of dark-coloured forest bee (Apis mellifera mellifera). The greatest genetic diversity (both in the number of alleles and the calculated expected heterozygosity) was shown for loci A008, A113, Ap049, and A043 in honeybees from the Tomsk region, as bees from the southern districts had higher genetic diversity than bees from the northern districts. Honeybees from the Eastern region of Siberia (Yenisei population) had the lowest level of genetic diversity on these loci compared to Tomsk bee populations. Allele 162 pb of the locus A008, allele 126 bp of the locus A043, and allele 218 bp of the locus A113 can be considered as genetic markers of the A. m. mellifera Siberian ecotype