Αισθηματικοί λόγοι στην επιστολογραφία του περιοδικού τύπου της δεκαετίας του '60.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει ως θέμα τους αισθηματικούς λόγους στην επιστολογραφία του περιοδικού τύπου στην ελληνική μεταβατική δεκαετία του '60. Ως πηγές χρησιμοποιήθηκαν συνολικά 676 τεύχη των περιοδικών Ρομάντσο και Πάνθεον που κυκλοφόρησαν στη διάρκεια της δεκαετίας. Τα εν λόγω περιοδικά επιλέχθηκαν με βάση αφενός την εμπορικότητα τους, καθώς είναι δύο από τα δημοφιλέστερα περιοδικά της περιόδου με ευρεία κυκλοφορία, ενώ ταυτοχρόνως αφιερώνουν αρκετό χώρο στην αλληλογραφία των αναγνωστών τους. 'Έτσι οι στήλες αλληλογραφίας που διαθέτουν δημοσιεύουν είτε αυτούσιες τις επιστολές των αναγνωστών, είτε μεγάλα αποσπάσματα αυτών, καθώς και τις αντίστοιχες απαντήσεις των συντακτών. Επιπλέον τα δύο αυτά περιοδικά επιλέχθηκαν ως αντιπροσωπευτικά των δύο κυρίαρχων και συχνά αντιμαχόμενων τάσεων της ελληνικής κοινωνίας του '60, το συντηρητισμό και τον μοντερνισμό, την παράδοση και τις νέες κοινωνικές και πολιτισμικές τάσεις που εισάγονται από τη Δύση. Το Ρομάντσο με τον πιο λαϊκό χαρακτήρα, διάδοχος των οικογενειακών περιοδικών ποικίλης ύλης του 19ου αιώνα, εκφράζει τα πιο συντηρητικά τμήματα της κοινωνίας, ενώ το Πάνθεον στη διάρκεια της δεκαετίας διαμορφώνει σταδιακά ένα ευδιάκριτο νεανικό χαρακτήρα, εκφράζοντας τις ανησυχίες και τα ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέροντα της νεολαίας, η οποία με τη σειρά της διαμορφώνεται ως ευδιάκριτη κοινωνική κατηγορία κατά την εξεταζόμενη δεκαετία. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι λοιπόν να διερευνηθούν οι συγκροτήσεις των αισθηματικών λόγων των επιστολογράφων στις στήλες αλληλογραφίας των συγκεκριμένων περιοδικών. Έτσι στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας σκιαγραφείται το πλαίσιο εντός του οποίου παράγονται οι λόγοι αυτοί, τόσο το ευρύτερο πλαίσιο της ελληνικής δεκαετίας του '60, της οποίας αναφέρονται σε αδρές γραμμές οι πολιτισμικές και κοινωνικές όψεις, όσο και το στενό πλαίσιο εγγραφής τους, δηλαδή ο επιστολικός λόγος της αλληλογραφίας των περιοδικών. Ιδιαίτερο βάρος δίνεται στη σχέση που αναπτύσσεται ανάμεσα στους αναγνώστες- επιστολογράφους και τους συντάκτες των στηλών. Η σχέση αυτή είναι πολύ σημαντική καθώς διαφωτίζει, επηρεάζει και ερμηνεύει ως ένα βαθμό τον τρόπο έκφρασης των επιστολογράφων. Για το λόγο αυτό, το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας αφιερώνεται μελέτη των στηλών ως προς τη μορφή, το περιεχόμενο, τη θέση και την επικοινωνία τους με την ευρύτερη ύλη των περιοδικών, καθώς και στους συντάκτες τους, το προφίλ που αυτοί διαμορφώνουν και τη σχέση που δομούν με τους αναγνώστες τους. Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας αφιερώνεται στους αισθηματικούς λόγους των επιστολογράφων. Εδώ κεντρική θέση έχουν τα συμπεράσματα και οι προβληματισμοί που έχει θέσει η ιστορία των συναισθημάτων στην ιστορική έρευνα και ανάλυση, καθώς και η έμφυλη οπτική ως αναλυτικό εργαλείο στη διαχείριση του θέματος. Στο κεφάλαιο αυτό, στόχος είναι να διερευνηθεί το πώς οι επιστολογράφοι με βάση του φύλο, την ηλικία, το μορφωτικό επίπεδο, στο βαθμό που δύναται αυτό να προσδιοριστεί, μιλούν για τα αισθηματικά τους προβλήματα και τους αισθηματικούς τους δεσμούς αφενός και πως αντιμετωπίζονται αφετέρου από τους συντάκτες. Σε ποιό βαθμό αυτός ο λόγος αναπαράγει κανονιστικά πρότυπα, πώς οι κοινωνικοί κανόνες και οι στερεότυπες αντιλήψεις για τις συναισθηματικές ποιότητες των δύο φύλων επηρεάζουν τους λόγους επιστολογράφων και συντακτών και καταληκτικά μπορούμε να κάνουμε λόγο για την ύπαρξη συγκεκριμένων συναισθηματικών καθεστώτων, σε συγκεκριμένες κοινωνίες και πολιτισμούς, τα οποία διαπλάθουν τις συναισθηματικές εμπειρίες των ανθρώπων; Αυτά είναι τα κεντρικά ερωτήματα που θέτει κι επιχειρεί ν' απαντήσει η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία στο τρίτο και τελευταίο της κεφάλαιο.Emotional discourses in magazine's epistolography of the 60's [Thesis summary] The subject of the present thesis is the emotional discourses in the epistolography of the Greek magazines of general intrests during the transitional decade of 1960. In total, 676 issues of two of the most popular Greek magazines of the period in question, namely Romantso and Pantheon, have been used as references for the present thesis. These magazines were selected not only due to their wide circulation, but also because they dedicated considerable space to their readers’ correspondence. Τhe readers’ letters (either in their entirety or big extracts thereof), as well as the editors’ answers were published in the correspondence columns of these magazines. Moreover, these magazines were explicitly selected because they represented two main and often conflicting trends of the Greek society of the 60's, namely conservatism vis-à-vis modernism, tradition vis-à-vis the new social and cultural trends which were imported from the West. Romantso, the oldest and most popular Greek magazine, had in a sense a “folk” character and was mainly addressed to conservative parts of society, while Pantheon, during the course of the decade, gradually adopted a modern style, being addressed mostly to younger audiences and expressing their particular interests and preferences. The main objective of the present thesis is to investigate the construction of emotional discourses in the correspondence columns of these magazines. Hence, the first part of the thesis examines the context of these discourses, i.e. on the one hand the general context of the Greek 60's and the social and cultural aspects thereof, and on the other hand the specific context, namely the epistolography of the correspondence columns. From this point of view, importance is attached to the relationship between the readers-correspondents on the one side, and the editors of the columns on the other. This relationship is of great importance because it shades light on, influences and interprets the way that the correspondents express their feelings and emotions. For this very reason, the second chapter of the thesis is focused on the particular columns, their form, their content, their position within the magazines and their interaction with the general material of the magazines. It also focuses on the editors of each column, their profile, their discourses and the specific relationship each of them builds with his/her readers. The third and last chapter of this thesis is dedicated to the correspondents’ emotional discourses. Here the questions and concerns raised by the history of emotions play a central role, and of equal importance is the category of gender as an analytical tool. The aim of this chapter is to examine how the correspondents, on the basis of their gender, age and educational status- to the extent that this status can be identified- articulate their speech about their love affairs and emotions of love in general and how editors correspond thereto and handle their problems. Does this discourse reproduce normative standards? Do social rules and stereotypes about gender emotional qualities and behavior influence these discourses, and in the affirmative to what extent? And lastly, could we refer to the existence of certain emotional regimes in certain societies and cultures which can form and shape people’s emotional experiences? These are the fundamental questions that the present thesis attempts to address

A Cohort Study of Gastric Fluid and Urine Metabolomics for the Prediction of Survival in Severe Prematurity.

Predicting survival in very preterm infants is critical in clinical medicine and parent counseling. In this prospective cohort study involving 96 very preterm infants, we evaluated whether the metabolomic analysis of gastric fluid and urine samples obtained shortly after birth could predict survival in the first 3 and 15 days of life (DOL), as well as overall survival up to hospital discharge. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling was used. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate significant metabolites and their prognostic value. Differences in several metabolites were identified between survivors and non-survivors at the time points of the study. Binary logistic regression showed that certain metabolites in gastric fluid, including arabitol, and succinic, erythronic and threonic acids, were associated with 15 DOL and overall survival. Gastric glyceric acid was also associated with 15 DOL survival. Urine glyceric acid could predict survival in the first 3 DOL and overall survival. In conclusion, non-surviving preterm infants exhibited a different metabolic profile compared with survivors, demonstrating significant discrimination with the use of GC-MS-based gastric fluid and urine analyses. The results of this study support the usefulness of metabolomics in developing survival biomarkers in very preterm infants

Challenges in the implementation of the NeoOBS study, a global pragmatic observational cohort study, to investigate the aetiology and management of neonatal sepsis in the hospital setting

Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. To deliver high-quality data studies and inform future trials, it is crucial to understand the challenges encountered when managing global multi-centre research studies and to identify solutions that can feasibly be implemented in these settings. This paper provides an overview of the complexities faced by diverse research teams in different countries and regions, together with actions implemented to achieve pragmatic study management of a large multi-centre observational study of neonatal sepsis. We discuss specific considerations for enrolling sites with different approval processes and varied research experience, structures, and training. Implementing a flexible recruitment strategy and providing ongoing training were necessary to overcome these challenges. We emphasize the attention that must be given to designing the database and monitoring plans. Extensive data collection tools, complex databases, tight timelines, and stringent monitoring arrangements can be problematic and might put the study at risk. Finally, we discuss the complexities added when collecting and shipping isolates and the importance of having a robust central management team and interdisciplinary collaborators able to adapt easily and make swift decisions to deliver the study on time and to target. With pragmatic approaches, appropriate training, and good communication, these challenges can be overcome to deliver high-quality data from a complex study in challenging settings through a collaborative research network

Challenges in the Implementation of the NeoOBS Study, a Global Pragmatic Observational Cohort Study, to Investigate the Aetiology and Management of Neonatal Sepsis in the Hospital Setting

Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries. To deliver high-quality data studies and inform future trials, it is crucial to understand the challenges encountered when managing global multi-centre research studies and to identify solutions that can feasibly be implemented in these settings. This paper provides an overview of the complexities faced by diverse research teams in different countries and regions, together with actions implemented to achieve pragmatic study management of a large multi-centre observational study of neonatal sepsis. We discuss specific considerations for enrolling sites with different approval processes and varied research experience, structures, and training. Implementing a flexible recruitment strategy and providing ongoing training were necessary to overcome these challenges. We emphasize the attention that must be given to designing the database and monitoring plans. Extensive data collection tools, complex databases, tight timelines, and stringent monitoring arrangements can be problematic and might put the study at risk. Finally, we discuss the complexities added when collecting and shipping isolates and the importance of having a robust central management team and interdisciplinary collaborators able to adapt easily and make swift decisions to deliver the study on time and to target. With pragmatic approaches, appropriate training, and good communication, these challenges can be overcome to deliver high-quality data from a complex study in challenging settings through a collaborative research network

Patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and prediction of mortality in hospitalized neonates and young infants with sepsis: A global neonatal sepsis observational cohort study (NeoOBS)

BACKGROUND: There is limited data on antibiotic treatment in hospitalized neonates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to describe patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and clinical outcomes, and to develop a severity score predicting mortality in neonatal sepsis to inform future clinical trial design. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Hospitalized infants <60 days with clinical sepsis were enrolled during 2018 to 2020 by 19 sites in 11 countries (mainly Asia and Africa). Prospective daily observational data was collected on clinical signs, supportive care, antibiotic treatment, microbiology, and 28-day mortality. Two prediction models were developed for (1) 28-day mortality from baseline variables (baseline NeoSep Severity Score); and (2) daily risk of death on IV antibiotics from daily updated assessments (NeoSep Recovery Score). Multivariable Cox regression models included a randomly selected 85% of infants, with 15% for validation. A total of 3,204 infants were enrolled, with median birth weight of 2,500 g (IQR 1,400 to 3,000) and postnatal age of 5 days (IQR 1 to 15). 206 different empiric antibiotic combinations were started in 3,141 infants, which were structured into 5 groups based on the World Health Organization (WHO) AWaRe classification. Approximately 25.9% (n = 814) of infants started WHO first line regimens (Group 1-Access) and 13.8% (n = 432) started WHO second-line cephalosporins (cefotaxime/ceftriaxone) (Group 2-"Low" Watch). The largest group (34.0%, n = 1,068) started a regimen providing partial extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/pseudomonal coverage (piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, or fluoroquinolone-based) (Group 3-"Medium" Watch), 18.0% (n = 566) started a carbapenem (Group 4-"High" Watch), and 1.8% (n = 57) a Reserve antibiotic (Group 5, largely colistin-based), and 728/2,880 (25.3%) of initial regimens in Groups 1 to 4 were escalated, mainly to carbapenems, usually for clinical deterioration (n = 480; 65.9%). A total of 564/3,195 infants (17.7%) were blood culture pathogen positive, of whom 62.9% (n = 355) had a gram-negative organism, predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 132) or Acinetobacter spp. (n = 72). Both were commonly resistant to WHO-recommended regimens and to carbapenems in 43 (32.6%) and 50 (71.4%) of cases, respectively. MRSA accounted for 33 (61.1%) of 54 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Overall, 350/3,204 infants died (11.3%; 95% CI 10.2% to 12.5%), 17.7% if blood cultures were positive for pathogens (95% CI 14.7% to 21.1%, n = 99/564). A baseline NeoSep Severity Score had a C-index of 0.76 (0.69 to 0.82) in the validation sample, with mortality of 1.6% (3/189; 95% CI: 0.5% to 4.6%), 11.0% (27/245; 7.7% to 15.6%), and 27.3% (12/44; 16.3% to 41.8%) in low (score 0 to 4), medium (5 to 8), and high (9 to 16) risk groups, respectively, with similar performance across subgroups. A related NeoSep Recovery Score had an area under the receiver operating curve for predicting death the next day between 0.8 and 0.9 over the first week. There was significant variation in outcomes between sites and external validation would strengthen score applicability. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic regimens used in neonatal sepsis commonly diverge from WHO guidelines, and trials of novel empiric regimens are urgently needed in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The baseline NeoSep Severity Score identifies high mortality risk criteria for trial entry, while the NeoSep Recovery Score can help guide decisions on regimen change. NeoOBS data informed the NeoSep1 antibiotic trial (ISRCTN48721236), which aims to identify novel first- and second-line empiric antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, (NCT03721302)

Population pharmacokinetics analysis of teicoplanin in neonates with hospital-acquired infections

Our objective was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model in order to evaluate the currently recommended dosing regimen in term and preterm neonates. By using an optimal design approach, a prospective PK study was designed and implemented in 60 neonates with postmenstrual age (PMA) of 26 to 43 weeks. A loading dose of 16 mg/kg was administered at day 1, followed by a maintenance dose of 8 mg/kg daily. Plasma concentrations were quantified by high pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Population PK (popPK) analysis was performed using NONMEM software. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to evaluate currently recommended dosing based on a pharmacodynamic index of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC ratio of ≥ 400. A two compartment model with linear elimination best described the data by the following equations: CL (clearance)=0.0227* (WT/1765)^0.75*(eCRCL/22)^0.672, V1 (central compartment volume)=0.283*(WT/1765), Q (intercompartmental clearance)=0.151*(WT/1765)^0.75, V2 (peripheral compartment volume)=0.541*(WT/1765). The interindividual variability estimates for CL, V1, and V2 were 36.5%, 45.7%, and 51.4%, respectively. Current weight (WT) and estimated creatinine clearance (eCRCL) significantly explained the observed variability. MC simulation demonstrated that, with the current dosing regimen, an AUC/MIC ratio of ≥ 400 was reached by only 68.5% of neonates with WT of <1 kg when the MIC was equal to 1 mg/l, versus 82.2%, 89.7%, and 92.7% of neonates with wt of 1 to <2, 2 to <3, or ≥ 3 kg, respectively. Augmentation of a maintenance dose up to 10 or 11 mg/kg for preterm neonates with wt of 1 to <2 or <1 kg, respectively, increases the probability of reaching the therapeutic target; the recommended doses seem to be adequate for neonates with WT of ≥ 2 kg. Teicoplanin PK is variable in neonates, with WT and eCRCL having the most significant impact. Neonates with WT of <2 kg need higher doses, especially for Staphylococcus spp. withan MIC value of ≥ 1 mg/l.Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση της φαρμακοκινητικής συμπεριφοράς της τεϊκοπλανίνης και η ανάπτυξη ενός μοντέλου πληθυσμιακής φαρμακοκινητικής για την εκτίμηση του υπάρχοντος δοσολογικού σχήματος του φαρμάκου και των παραγόντων που μπορεί να επηρεάζουν τη σχέση δόσης-συγκέντρωσης, σε τελειόμηνα και πρόωρα νεογνά, προκειμένου να εξαχθούν συμπεράσματα για την ασφαλή και αποτελεσματική χορήγησή της. Με τη χρήση βέλτιστου σχεδιασμού σχεδιάστηκε μια προοπτική πληθυσμιακή φαρμακοκινητική μελέτη που συμπεριέλαβε 60 νεογνά με ηλικία μετά την τελευταία έμμηνο ρύση από 26 έως 43 εβδομάδων. Η τεϊκοπλανίνη χορηγήθηκε ενδοφλέβια με το εξής δοσολογικό σχήμα: δόση εφόδου 16 mg/kg και δόση συντήρησης 8 mg/kg, μία φορά την ημέρα, 24 ώρες μετά τη δόση εφόδου. Οι συγκεντρώσεις της τεϊκοπλανίνης στο πλάσμα των νεογνών μετρήθηκαν με Υγρή χρωματογραφία υψηλής απόδοσης - φασματομετρία μάζας. Η πληθυσμιακή φαρμακοκινητική ανάλυση έγινε με την ανάπτυξη ενός μη γραμμικού μοντέλου μικτών επιδράσεων μέσω του προγράμματος NONMEM. Ο δείκτης AUC24/MIC ≥ 400 επιλέχθηκε ως ο βέλτιστος ΦΚ/ΦΔ στόχος, που σχετίζεται με την αποτελεσματικότητα της τεϊκοπλανίνης, για τη διενέργεια των Monte Carlo προσομοιώσεων. Ένα δι-διαμερισματικό μοντέλο με πρωτοταξικό ρυθμό απομάκρυνσης περιέγραψε καλύτερα τις συγκεντρώσεις της τεϊκοπλανίνης στον πληθυσμό. Οι φαρμακοκινητικές παράμετροι περιγράφονται από τις εξισώσεις: CL(clearance)=0.0227*(WT/1765)^0.75*(eCRCL/22)^0.672, V1(central compartment volume)=0.283*(WT/1765), Q (intercompartmental clearance)=0.151*(WT/1765)^0.75, V2(peripheral compartment volume)=0.541*(WT/1765). Η διατομική μεταβλητότητα για την κάθαρση, τον όγκο κατανομής του κεντρικού διαμερίσματος και τον όγκο κατανομής του περιφερικού διαμερίσματος ήταν 36.5 %, 45.7% και 51,4% αντίστοιχα. Το βάρος σώματος και η κάθαρση κρεατινίνης ερμήνευσαν σημαντικά την παρατηρούμενη μεταβλητότητα. Με το υπάρχον δοσολογικό σχήμα ο ΦΚ/ΦΔ δείκτης AUC24/MIC ≥ 400 επιτεύχθηκε στο 68.5% των νεογνών με Β.Σ. < 1Kg, για παθογόνα με MIC = 1 mg/L, έναντι 82.2%, 89.7% και 92.7% των νεογνών με Β.Σ. 1 έως <2 kg, 2 έως <3 kg ή ≥3 kg αντίστοιχα. Αύξηση της δόσης συντήρησης σε 10 και 11 mg/kg στα πρόωρα νεογνά με Β.Σ. από 1 έως < 2 kg ή < 1 Kg, αντίστοιχα, αυξάνει την πιθανότητα επίτευξης του ΦΚ/ΦΔ στόχου. Το υπάρχον δοσολογικό σχήμα φαίνεται να είναι κατάλληλο για τα νεογνά με Β.Σ. ≥ 2 kg. Η φαρμακοκινητική της τεϊκοπλανίνης παρουσιάζει σημαντική μεταβλητότητα στον νεογνικό πληθυσμό. Τα νεογνά με Β.Σ. < 2 kg χρειάζονται υψηλότερες δόσεις ιδιαίτερα στην περίπτωση παθογόνων με MIC ≥ 1 mg/l

Use of Newer and Repurposed Antibiotics against Gram-Negative Bacteria in Neonates

Antimicrobial resistance has become a significant public health problem globally with multidrug resistant Gram negative (MDR-GN) bacteria being the main representatives. The emergence of these pathogens in neonatal settings threatens the well-being of the vulnerable neonatal population given the dearth of safe and effective therapeutic options. Evidence from studies mainly in adults is now available for several novel antimicrobial compounds, such as new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., ceftazidime–avibactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, imipenem/cilastatin–relebactam), although old antibiotics such as colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin are also encompassed in the fight against MDR-GN infections that remain challenging. Data in the neonatal population are scarce, with few clinical trials enrolling neonates for the evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and dosing of new antibiotics, while the majority of old antibiotics are used off-label. In this article we review data about some novel and old antibiotics that are active against MDR-GN bacteria causing sepsis and are of interest to be used in the neonatal population

Antimicrobial Peptides in Early-Life Host Defense, Perinatal Infections, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis—An Update

Host defense against early-life infections such as chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) relies primarily on innate immunity, in which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a major role. AMPs that are important for the fetus and neonate include α and β defensins, cathelicidin LL-37, antiproteases (elafin, SLPI), and hepcidin. They can be produced by the fetus or neonate, the placenta, chorioamniotic membranes, recruited neutrophils, and milk-protein ingestion or proteolysis. They possess antimicrobial, immunomodulating, inflammation-regulating, and tissue-repairing properties. AMPs are expressed as early as the 13th week and increase progressively through gestation. Limited studies are available on AMP expression and levels in the fetus and neonate. Nevertheless, existing evidence supports the role of AMPs in pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and NEC, and their association with disease severity. This suggests a potential role of AMPs in diagnosis, prevention, prognosis, and treatment of sepsis and NEC. Herein, we present an overview of the antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of human AMPs, their sources in the intrauterine environment, fetus, and neonate, and their changes during pre- and post-natal infections and NEC. We also discuss emerging data regarding the potential utility of AMPs in early-life infections, as diagnostic or predictive biomarkers and as therapeutic alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotic therapy considering the increase of antibiotic resistance in neonatal intensive care units

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment due to a macular hole in a patient with pars planitis: a case report

We report a rare case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment due to a full-thickness macular hole in a young patient with pars planitis. This study was an interventional case report. A 38-year-old Asian man presented with acute reduction of vision in his left eye. His past ocular history revealed a precedent of two intravitreal steroid injections in his left eye, and fundoscopy revealed a total bullous retinal detachment along with 360 degrees snowbanking at the pars plana. Precise preoperative visualization of the posterior pole was impossible due to a dense nuclear cataract. During surgery, an unexpected full-thickness macular hole with no associated epiretinal membrane was observed, which resulted in the retinal detachment. This case of chronic pars planitis complicated with a full-thickness macular hole resulting in retinal detachment was successfully treated with vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and perfluoropropane tamponade. Visual acuity improved from hand movements to 6/36 Snellen at 12 months postsurgery. This case report illustrates the rare but possible association between pars planitis with macular hole formation and subsequent retinal detachment, underlying the beneficiary outcome of vitrectomy surgery both diagnostically and therapeutically