Aansprakelijkheid in het luchtvervoer: Goederenvervoer onder de verdragen van Warschau en Montreal

Het internationale luchtrecht is zowel een voorbeeld van verregaande unificatie als van verregaande disunificatie. Unificatie omdat het oorspronkelijke Verdrag van Warschau, dat de basis vormt van het internationale luchtrecht, nagenoeg wereldwijd geratificeerd is. Disunificatie omdat de verdragsrechtelijke regeling in de loop der tijd door diverse protocollen en een aanvullend verdrag is gewijzigd. Het resultaat van deze wijzigingen was een in verregaande mate versnipperd Warschau systeem. In 1999 werd dit systeem vervangen door het Verdrag van Montreal, dat op 4 november 2003 in werking trad. Thans heeft meer dan de helft van het aantal oorspronkelijke Warschau lidstaten het Verdrag van Montreal geratificeerd. Naar verwachting zullen het Verdrag van Montreal en het Warschau systeem nog enige tijd naast elkaar voortbestaan. In deze dissertatie wordt de aansprakelijkheid van de luchtvervoerder van goederen onder zowel het Warschau systeem als het Verdrag van Montreal beschreven, geanalyseerd en beoordeeld.Van dit boek is een handelseditie verschenen bij Uitgeverij Paris te Zutphen

A systematic review and critical appraisal of quality indicators to assess optimal palliative care for older people with dementia

© The Author(s) 2019Background: A challenge for commissioners and providers of end-of-life care in dementia is to translate recommendations for good or effective care into quality indicators that inform service development and evaluation. Aim: To identify and critically evaluate quality indicators for end-of-life care in dementia. Results: We found 8657 references, after de-duplication. In all, 19 publications describing 10 new and 3 updated sets of indicators were included in this review. Ultimately, 246 individual indicators were identified as being relevant to dementia end-of-life care and mapped against EAPC guidelines. Conclusions: We systematically derived and assessed a set of quality indicators using a robust framework that provides clear definitions of aspects of palliative care, which are dementia specific, and strengthens the theoretical underpinning of new complex interventions in end-of-life care in dementia.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Context Effects of Alcohol Availability at Home: Implicit Alcohol Associations and the Prediction of Adolescents' Drinking Behavior

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest that the predictive effect of implicit alcohol associations is context dependent. Findings indicate that implicit associations are more easily retrieved in an alcohol-associated setting or context (e.g., bar) compared with a neutral setting. In line with this reasoning, we hypothesized that alcohol availability at home might moderate the relationship between implicit alcohol associations and future drinking behavior of adolescents. METHOD: Participants were 262 at-risk adolescents (235 boys, 27 girls, adolescents with externalizing behavioral problems) with a mean age of 14.11 years (SD = 0.86, age range: 12-16 years) at baseline. Adolescents completed a questionnaire and a modified version of the Implicit Association Test (i.e., Single Category Implicit Association Test; SC-IAT). RESULTS: Stronger implicit alcohol associations predicted increase in frequency of alcohol use, only in adolescents who indicated that alcohol was available at home. No moderating effects were found for increase in quantity of alcohol use and problematic alcohol use, suggesting that implicit alcohol associations particularly influence the decision of whether to drink in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings illustrate that the availability of alcohol in the home setting influences adolescents' implicit alcohol associations and consequently affects the frequency of alcohol use. In this way, alcohol availability at home may be an important contextual factor to consider when examining the effect of implicit alcohol associations on the future drinking behavior of adolescents

Orientational Defects in Ice Ih: An Interpretation of Electrical Conductivity Measurements

We present a first-principles study of the structure and energetics of Bjerrum defects in ice Ih and compare the results to experimental electrical conductivity data. While the DFT result for the activation energy is in good agreement with experiment, we find that its two components have quite different values. Aside from providing new insight into the fundamental parameters of the microscopic electrical theory of ice, our results suggest the activity of traps in doped ice in the temperature regime typically assumed to be controlled by the free migration of L defects.Comment: 4 pages, 4 Figures, 1 Tabl

Multi-target mode of action of a Clerodane-type diterpenoid from Polyalthia longifolia targeting African trypanosomes.

Natural products have made remarkable contributions to drug discovery and therapy. In this work we exploited various biochemical approaches to investigate the mode of action of 16-α-hydroxycleroda-3,13 (14)-Z-dien-15,16-olide (HDK-20), which we recently isolated from Polyalthia longifolia, on Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream trypomastigotes. HDK20 at concentrations ≥ EC50 (0.4μg/ml) was trypanocidal, with its efect irreversible after only a brief exposure time (<1h). Fluorescence microscopic assessment of DNA confguration revealed severe cell cycle defects after 8h of incubation with the compound, the equivalent of a single generation time. This was accompanied by DNA fragmentation as shown by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labelling (TUNEL) assays. HDK-20 also induced a fast and profound depolarisation of the parasites’ mitochondrial membrane potential and depleted intracellular ATP levels of T. brucei. Overall, HDK20 showed a multi-target mechanism of action, which provides a biochemical explanation for the promising antitrypanosomatid activity in our previous report