Admission hyperglycemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock

Background: Many reports shoed that for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) increased admission blood glucose (ABG) level is associated with adverse outcomes. Although scientific reports on this issue are still inconsistent, many recent studies confirm that hyperglycemia is also an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with ACS complicated by cardio­genic shock (CS). The aim of this study is to determine if hyperglycemia on admission can be a predictor of in-hospital death in patients with ACS complicated by CS. Methods: The study population consisted of 40 patients with ACS complicated by CS admit­ted to the Intensive Cardiac Therapy Clinic from January 2010 to May 2013 and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. A control group was selected among patients with uncomplicated ACS. Results: Patients with CS had significantly higher levels of ABG (15.4 ± 6.26 vs. 7.97 ± ± 2.28 mmol/L, p < 0.01) in comparison with the control group. There was no statistically significant correlation between the level of glucose on admission and in-hospital mortality. Average ABG in patients who survived and in those who died were respectively 15.42 ± 5.61 vs. 15.40 ± 6.87 mmol/L, p > 0.05. Comparison in groups depending on ABG level and cal­culations with use of receiver-operating characteristics curves showed no relationship between the level of ABG and patients’ deaths. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia on admission is a clinical feature of patients with ACS who develop CS, however its prognostic value requires further studies

Burnout in Organizational Life

Burnout is a psychological response to work stress that is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced feelings of personal accomplishment. In this paper, we review the burnout literature from 1993 to present, identifying important trends that have characterized the literature. We focus our attention on theoretical models that explain the process of burnout, the measurement of burnout, means of reducing burnout, and directions for the future of burnout research.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Personality Traits and Subjective Health in Retirement Age – The Role of Personal Resources

The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between fi ve-factor personality traits and subjective health in retirement age, including the mediating role of personal resources. The sample comprised of 240 older adults approaching or of retirement age; aged 55-70 (M = 60.1 years). Subjective health was negatively associated with neuroticism and positively associated with extraversion and openness to experiences. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that personal resources (especially the sense of meaningfulness) mediated most of the analyzed associations between personality and subjective health. For conscientiousness suppressive effects were found

External verification of the information obtained in a questionnaire interview

Results of external verification of two kinds of information obtained by means of questionnaire interviews in methodological investigations conducted in Włocławek in 1973 are presented. Each kind of information was verified by using a different method. In Part I are presented the results of verification of 7 questionnaire questions, among which 6 related to opinions. Information on the same topics obtained through in-depth interviews was used as a verification criterion. An in-depth interview was used along with an interview about an interview which constituted part of the method permitting to precisely characterize and evaluate the quality of the answers given by respondents. Part II presents the results of verification by means of the data contained in the files of work establishments and relating to 11 information items obtained in questionnaire interviews. The items concerned: the year and place of birth, educational level, number of completed training courses, the year in which the respondent started his work, level of wages in June, number of days of absence at work (warranted and unwarranted), number of late arrivals to work as well as of penalties and rewards recorded in the files. Discrepancies between interview answers and the files which appeared most frequently (30% of respondents) related to the numbers of days of absence at work and the numbers of late arrivals to work. These discrepancies not always indicate a contradiction between the information obtained in interview and the reality as the file records cannot be treated as absolutely reliable. By comparing answers about wages with the corresponding data from the files it was ascertained that 57% of respondents tended to overstate their wages by over 100 zlotys. This tendency is contrary to the findings presented by K. Lutyńska in the study contained in the present volume. It is recommended to apply simultaneously the less and more reliable methods of verification in order to evaluate the quality of the former methods as they can be used much more frequently than the latter

Logical analysis of questions in a questionnaire

Data gathering techniques based on a questionnaire are very popular and abundant research experience in this field has resulted in many directives helpful in the construction of that research tool. From among such directives, relating to various problems, have been selected those concerning the formal aspect of questions. The formal aspect of questions is also of interest for logicians. Using N. Belnap’s logical theory of questions it is possible to derive a series of directives for the construction of formally correct questions. In the first part of the study directives formulated by sociologists and relating to a suitable construction of closed questions as well as directives derived from the logical theory of questions, have been listed and juxtaposed with each other. As a result of this confrontation it is possible to say that, in respect of formal correctness, sociological directives do not bring anything that has not been, so far, taken into account by logical rules. Sociological rules have the form of' instructions which are not considered as absolutely binding and in addition, they are unclear whereas logical rules define rigorously the criteria of formal correctness of questions. It seems, therefore, desirable to have logical rules' included in the set of principles to be followed in constructing a questionnaire. Such rules should be unconditionally observed, in order to secure formal correctness of questions asked from respondents. When using questionnaire-based techniques of data gathering, one should keep in mind that questions contained in the questionnaire are not the only ones involved in the research. Beside them, distinguished may be the researcher’s own questions and the problem questions. Using the rules of correspondence it is possible to pass, from sentences being the answers to questionnaire questions to those constituting the answers to researcher’s own questions; such rules are unilateral or bilateral reductive sentences. Two categories of indirect answers have been distinguished by logicians: (1) partial, and (2) full answers to given questions. The answers given by respondents are most often indirect answers to the researcher’s own question. Whether such an answer is partial or full depends on the structure of the rule of correspondence defining the role of the questionnaire question concerned. If this rule is a bilateral reductive sentence, the answer to the question introduced by this rule, is always an indirect full answer to the researcher’s own question. If the rule of correspondence is a unilateral reductive sentence, two situations are possible: (a) if the answer to the questionnaire question is the one foreseen by the rule of correspondence, it is an indirect full answer, (b) if the answer to the questionnaire question is different from the one foreseen by the rule of correspondence, it is an indirect partial answer to researcher’s own question. Realizing these relationships may help to avoid unjustified conclusions drawn from answers given by respondents. A serious weakness of sociological works stems from the fact that the above-mentioned rules which constitute an essential premise in passing from respondents’ answers, through answers to researcher’s own questions – up to the answers to the problem question – are never revealed

Research Assumptions and Procedures, Their Realization and Application

Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Comparison of Different Ways of Veryfying Information Obtained through Questionnaire Surveys

Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

The influence of rotor design on parameters of an induction motor working in liquid natural gas

W artykule przedstawiono analizę wpływu geometrii żłobków wirnika oraz materiału klatki na parametry elektromagnetyczne silnika indukcyjnego pracującego w ciekłych gazach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pracy w gazie LNG o temperaturze —161 stopni C. Przewiduje się, że znaczna część urządzeń do przepompowywania i przesyłania gazu naturalnego będzie wyposażona w silniki indukcyjne pracujące w zanurzeniu. Rodzi to szereg problemów zarówno konstrukcyjnych, jak i technologicznych. Niezbędne jest określenie zmiany właściwości materiałów magnetycznych i przewodzących poddanych działaniu tak niskiej temperatury. Konieczny jest również dobór materiałów izolacyjnych oraz struktury izolacji uzwojeń, a także rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych wirnika klatkowego. Istotne zmniejszenie rezystywności materiałów przewodzących w niskich temperaturach niesie zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne skutki, do których zaliczyć należy mniejszy moment rozruchowy oraz wzrost prądu rozruchowego. Ponieważ istotny wpływ na powyższe parametry ma kształt, przekrój i materiał klatki wirnika, w artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki analizy wpływu tych wielkości na wartości i przebiegi momentu elektromagnetycznego i prądu silnika. Wykazano, że dobierając odpowiedni kształt pręta wirnika oraz materiał, z którego wykonana jest klatka, można wpływać na wartość i przebieg istotnych parametrów silnika. Na podstawie uzyskanych badań symulacyjnych, wskazano optymalny pod względem konstrukcyjnym i technologicznym kształt pręta klatki wirnika, który powinien być stosowany w silnikach pracujących w temperaturze niższej niż —150 stopni C.The paper presents the influence of slot geometry and resistivity of squirrel cage materials on characteristics high power motor's. Changes of electromagnetic torque run and of electrical current run as they appear in the motor with given solutions were analyzed and compared. Simulational analyses were conducted using circuit-field method. On the basis of test results, it was found that although employment of typical squirrel bar and typical materials for this motor part gives positive results, it is not an optimal solution. The best start-up parameters were obtained for shape C stator slot presented in Figure 2. Application of this kind of slot shape results in increase of start-up torque and decrease of start-up current, as compared to typical design — shape A (Fig. 4). On the other hand, critical torque also decreases but this change is minor and it does not exceed 8%. The use of Cu or CuBe2 as squirrel cage material for motor, working in -150 Celsius degrees, results in a 21% decrease of start-up torque and a 23% increase of start-up current (Fig. 9) when compared with squirrel cage made of Al. However, motor working in cryogenic conditions may, in some cases, work in higher temperatures. In such situations attention should be paid to the change of motor parameters occurring with the change of its operating temperature. The smallest change was noted for Cu squirrel cage and for a cage made of Cu with small amount of beryllium addition, what is illustrated in Figures 7-8. What should be underlined is that the manufacture of a Cu (or Cu alloy) squirrel cage is poses difficulties from technological point of view. Employment of this sort of solution may be governed by other factors, such as limitation of power loss in the motor

Zachowanie zbrojonych rdzeni dielektromagnetycznych pod działaniem wirującego pola magnetycznego

For last ten years there has been growing tendency for application of dielectromagnetics (DM) for magnetic cores of electrical machines. The paper presents results of research of the influence of various shapes of reinforcements - soft magnetic insertions, on the dielectromagnetic cores magnetic properties. The cores were examined under rotational magnetic field which usually occurs in electrical machines. Magnetic characteristics and parameters of the reinforced magnetic cores are presented and compared with the homogeneous ones, made of DM. Samples of reinforced cores were executed and tested with various configurations of the reinforcements. The examined configurations of the reinforcements can be useful for the improvement of magnetic parameters of dielectromagnetic cores in desired directions. This enables control of magnetic flux's flow, the control of which can be useful for applications in electrical micro-motors, especially in reluctance motors.W ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat zaznaczyły się narastające tendencje stosowania dielektromagnetyków (DM) na magnetyczne rdzenie maszyn elektrycznych. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań wpływu zbrojenia o różnym kształcie - wkładek z magnetycznie miękkiego materiału na magnetyczne właściwości rdzeni dielektromagnetycznych. Rdzenie badano w wirującym polu magnetycznym, jakie zwykle występuje w maszynach elektrycznych. Przedstawiono magnetyczne charakterystyki i parametry zbrojonych rdzeni magnetycznych i porównano je z rdzeniami jednorodnymi wykonanymi z DM. Wykonano i przebadano próbki zbrojonych rdzeni o różnych konfiguracjach zbrojenia. Testowane konfiguracje zbrojeń mogą być użyteczne dla poprawienia magnetycznych parametrów rdzeni dielektromagnetycznych w pożądanych kierunkach. Pozwala to na sterowanie przepływem strumienia magnetycznego co może być użyteczne dla zastosowań w mikromaszynach elektrycznych, zwłaszcza w silnikach reluktancyjnych

Uczestnictwo w zdarzenaich traumatycznych i jego konsekwencje w postaci zaburzenia po stresie tarumatycznym wśród polskich strażaków

Strażacy należą˛ do grupy zawodowej, której członkowie są, z powodu nałożonych na nich obowiązków, prawie codziennie narażeni na zdarzenia traumatyczne. Stres doświadczany w takich sytuacjach może prowadzić do rozwoju zaburzenia po stresie traumatycznym (PTSD). Celem prowadzonych badań było ustalenie częstości narażenia na zdarzenia traumatyczne i rozwoju PTSD oraz określenie zależności pomiędzy cechami zdarzeń i emocjonalnymi reakcjami a manifestowaniem symptomów PTSD. Badania przeprowadzono w wylosowanych 40 jednostkach ratowniczo-gaśniczych wchodzących w skład Państwowej Straży Pożarnej. Badaniami objęto reprezentatywną grupę 974 polskich strażaków. Do pomiaru symptomów PTSD wykorzystano kwestionariusz PTSD-I opracowany przez Ch. G. Watsona i in. (1991). Do pomiaru cech zdarzeń traumatycznych i emocjonalnych reakcji na te zdarzenia opracowano odpowiednie pytania, z których zbudowano kwestionariusz. Większość osób badanych (86,1%) stwierdziło, że co najmniej raz, podczas służby, uczestniczyli w zdarzeniu traumatycznym. Wśród 7,6% uczestników zdarzeń rozpoznano PTSD. Do najczęściej doświadczanych zdarzeń traumatycznych należały sytuacje wypadkowe (63,4%). Ponad połowa badanych ujawniała różnorodne fizjologiczne i emocjonalne reakcje spowodowane danym zdarzeniem traumatycznym. Dominującym uczuciem wśród uczestników zdarzeń było: współczucie i bezradność. Lęk należał do emocji najsilniej związanych z poziomem symptomów PTSD (r = 0,48; p ≤ 0,001). Poziom symptomów w PTSD korelował z wiekiem osób badanych (r = 0,25; p ≤ 0,05) i długością stażu zawodowego (r = 0,27; p ≤ 0,05)