Prospects for CP violation measurements with ATLAS and CMS

Very high LHC luminosity will result in ~10^13 b-particles produced per year allowing general purpose detectors ATLAS and CMS to contribute to the exploration of phenomena in B physics. A review of simulation studies made by ATLAS and CMS B-physics groups is given. The expected numbers of reconstructed events, sensitivities to CP violating parameters, the x_s measurements, and possibilities to observe very rare B-decays are discussed

Socjologia poza socjologią? Postdyscyplinarność z perspektywy socjologicznej. Dylematy socjologii w epoce późnej nowoczesności

Publikacja dofinansowana przez Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne i Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny UŁ Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Vizualna utemeljena teorija: metodološki nacrt i primjeri iz empirijskog rada

Grounded theory has not usually been associated with the extensive use of visual data. The author of the paper wants to present a basic introduction to methodological concepts and procedures, which allow researchers to incorporate visual data in their analyses while designing their research projects within the framework of grounded theory. The author also discusses the different approaches of visual data analysis that use the name of grounded theory but do not in fact perform the analysis according to its basic principles. At the outset, the author describes some inspirations that have come from a few researchers who have used the visual data in constructing theories in the grounded theory methodology style of analysis. The status of visual data and a methodological model of visual data analysis in grounded theory (multislice imagining) is also described. The multislice imagining is a grammar of visual narrations analysis that accents the following stages: a) an act of creating pictures and images (analysis of context of creation); b) participation in demonstrating/communicating visual images; c) the visual product, its content and stylistic structure; d) the reception of an “image” and visual aspects of presenting/representing something. Next, procedures of analyzing the visual data to generate categories on visual processes (transcription, open coding and memo writing) are presented. The presentation is based on examples from the author’s two research projects on a visualization of yoga practice and on a visualization of homelessness. The author also presents a selective coding of visual cases and empirical materials together with theoretical memo examples and comparative analysis. The last described procedure is a theoretical sampling indicating how and where to look for visual data to generate the properties of the category. The paper will end with conclusions and some remarks on future prospects of visual grounded theory.Utemeljenu se teoriju obično ne povezuje s opsežnom upotrebom vizualnih podataka. Autor ovog članka želi podastrijeti elementaran uvod u metodološke pojmove i procedure koji istraživačima omogućuju uključivanje vizualnih podataka u analizu dok osmišljavaju nacrte istraživačkih projekata u okviru utemeljene teorije. Autor također raspravlja o različitim pristupima analizi vizualnih podataka koji se služe imenom utemeljene teorije, ali zapravo ne izvode analizu u skladu s njezinim temeljnim načelima. Na početku autor opisuje neka nadahnuća koja potječu od malobrojnih istraživača koji su upotrijebili vizualne podatke pri konstruiranju teorija u stilu analize metodologije utemeljene teorije. Također se opisuje status vizualnih podataka i metodološki model analize vizualnih podataka u utemeljenoj teoriji (stvaranje slikovnih predodžbi u više isječaka). Stvaranje slikovnih predodžbi u više isječaka jest gramatika analize vizualnih pripovijesti koja naglašava sljedeće faze: a) čin stvaranja slika i slikovnih predodžbi (analiza konteksta stvaranja); b) sudjelovanje u prikazivanju/komuniciranju vizualnih slikovnih predodžbi; c) vizualni proizvod, njegov sadržaj i stilska struktura; d) recepcija »slikovne predodžbe« i vizualnih aspekata predstavljanja/predočavanja nečega. Nadalje, predstavljaju se procedure analiziranja vizualnih podataka u svrhu generiranja kategorija o vizualnim procesima (transkripcija, otvoreno kodiranje i pisanje bilježaka). Predstavljanje se zasniva na primjerima iz dvaju autorovih istraživačkih projekata o vizualizaciji prakse joge i vizualizaciji beskućništva. Autor također predstavlja selektivno kodiranje vizualnih slučajeva i empirijskih materijala zajedno s primjerima teorijskih bilježaka i usporedne analize. Posljednja od opisanih procedura jest teorijsko uzorkovanje koje upućuje na to kako i gdje tražiti vizualne podatke u svrhu generiranja svojstava kategorije. Članak završava zaključcima i napomenama o budućim izgledima vizualne utemeljene teorije

Fluence Dependence of Charge Collection of irradiated Pixel Sensors

The barrel region of the CMS pixel detector will be equipped with ``n-in-n'' type silicon sensors. They are processed on DOFZ material, use the moderated p-spray technique and feature a bias grid. The latter leads to a small fraction of the pixel area to be less sensitive to particles. In order to quantify this inefficiency prototype pixel sensors irradiated to particle fluences between $4.7\times 10^{13}$ and 2.6\times 10^{15} \Neq have been bump bonded to un-irradiated readout chips and tested using high energy pions at the H2 beam line of the CERN SPS. The readout chip allows a non zero suppressed analogue readout and is therefore well suited to measure the charge collection properties of the sensors. In this paper we discuss the fluence dependence of the collected signal and the particle detection efficiency. Further the position dependence of the efficiency is investigated.Comment: 11 Pages, Presented at the 5th Int. Conf. on Radiation Effects on Semiconductor Materials Detectors and Devices, October 10-13, 2004 in Florence, Italy, v3: more typos corrected, minor changes required by the refere

A double junction model of irradiated silicon pixel sensors for LHC

In this paper we discuss the measurement of charge collection in irradiated silicon pixel sensors and the comparison with a detailed simulation. The simulation implements a model of radiation damage by including two defect levels with opposite charge states and trapping of charge carriers. The modeling proves that a doubly peaked electric field generated by the two defect levels is necessary to describe the data and excludes a description based on acceptor defects uniformly distributed across the sensor bulk. In addition, the dependence of trap concentrations upon fluence is established by comparing the measured and simulated profiles at several fluences and bias voltages.Comment: Talk presented at the 10th European Symposium on Semiconductor Detectors, June 12-16 2005, Wildbad Kreuth, Germany. 9 pages, 4 figure

Metaphase and Interphase Cytogenetics with Alu-PCR-amplified Yeast Artificial Chromosome Clones Containing the BCR Gene and the Protooncogenes c-raf-1, c-fms, and c-erbB-21

A human yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library was screened by polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers defined for DNA sequences of the BCR gene and the protooncogenes c-raf-1, c-fms, and c-erB-2. Alu-PCR-generated human DNA sequences were obtained from the respective YAC clones and used for fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments under suppression conditions. After chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization to GTG-banded human prometaphase chromosomes, seven of nine initially isolated YAC clones yielded strong signals exclusively in the chromosome bands containing the respective genes. Two clones yielded additional signals on other chromosomes and were excluded from further tests. The band-specific YACs were successfully applied to visualize specific structural chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood cells from patients with myelodysplasia exhibiting del(5)(q13q34), chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia with t(9;22)(q34;q11), acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) with t(15;17)(q22;q21), and in a cell line established from a proband with the constitutional translocation t(3;8)(p14.2;q24). In addition to the analysis of metaphase spreads, we demonstrate the particular usefulness of these YAC clones in combination with whole chromosome painting to analyze specific chromosome aberrations directly in the interphase nucleus

Success Factors of Small and Medium-Sized International Enterprises in the Chinese Market from the Perspective of Polish Direct Investment (Cultural Approach)

Globalization has resulted in increasing transfer of firms operations, regardless of their size, to other countries. The recent dynamic emergence of China in the global economy, connecting with the vast inflows of foreign direct investment in their territory and common adjustments problems of many Western companies, has resulted in growing interest for best suitable business practices to this culturally and socially different environment. In this article, the key factors critical to the success of international companies in this region are introduced, with particular consideration to indigenous cultural elements and specific operation requirements of small and medium-sized enterprises in Business-to-Business sectors. The presented information are based on the broad literature review, five years of direct observation and thirty eight interviews conducted with Polish managers directly residing in China. In addition, some practical recommendations for managers and further research are given.Globalizacja wymusza na firmach, niezależnie od ich wielkości, coraz częstsze przenoszenie operacji do innych krajów. Dynamiczne pojawienie się Chin w światowej gospodarce i szeroki napł;yw zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich na ich teren oraz problemy adaptacyjne wielu zachodnich przedsiębiorstw, spowodował;y zainteresowanie najlepszymi praktykami biznesowymi dostosowanymi do tego odmiennego kulturowo i społ;ecznie otocznia. W artykule zaprezentowane został;y najważniejsze czynnik mające wpł;yw na osiągnięcie sukcesu przez firmy międzynarodowe na tym obszarze, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów kulturowych i specyfiki dział;ania mał;ych i średnich podmiotów na rynkach B2B. Prezentowane informacje są oparte na przeglądzie literatury, pięcioletnich obserwacjach bezpośrednich oraz trzydziestu ośmiu wywiadach przeprowadzonych z menadżerami polskich przedsiębiorstw odpowiedzialnymi za operacje w Chinach. Dodatkowo wskazano kilka praktycznych rekomendacji menadżerskich oraz możliwości dalszych badań

Position Dependence of Charge Collection in Prototype Sensors for the CMS Pixel Detector

This paper reports on the sensor R&D activity for the CMS pixel detector. Devices featuring several design and technology options have been irradiated up to a proton fluencec of 1E15 n_eq/cm**2 at the CERN PS. Afterward they were bump bonded to unirradiated readout chips and tested using high energy pions in the H2 beam line of the CERN SPS. The readout chip allows a non zero suppressed full analogue readout and therefore a good characterization of the sensors in terms of noise and charge collection properties. The position dependence of signal is presented and the differences between the two sensor options are discussed.Comment: Contribution to the IEEE-NSS Oct. 2003, Portland, OR, USA, submitted to IEEE-TNS 7 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Revised, title change

Simulation of Heavily Irradiated Silicon Pixel Sensors and Comparison with Test Beam Measurements

Charge collection measurements performed on heavily irradiated p-spray DOFZ pixel sensors with a grazing angle hadron beam provide a sensitive determination of the electric field within the detectors. The data are compared with a complete charge transport simulation of the sensor which includes signal trapping and charge induction effects. A linearly varying electric field based upon the standard picture of a constant type-inverted effective doping density is inconsistent with the data. A two-trap double junction model implemented in the ISE TCAD software can be tuned to produce a doubly-peaked electric field which describes the data reasonably well. The modeled field differs somewhat from previous determinations based upon the transient current technique. The model can also account for the level of charge trapping observed in the data.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures. Talk presented at the 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, October 18-21, Rome, Italy. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Scienc